1,721,119 research outputs found
Maritime and logistics advanced producer services within the Mediterranean: the liner shipping companies’ positioning strategies in new market areas
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Drift Effect under Timing without Observability: Experimental Evidence
No full textWe provide experimental evidence of [Binmore, K., Samuelson, L., 1999. Evolutionary drift and
equilibrium selection. Review of Economic Studies 66, 363–393.] insights into modelling the process through which equilibrium is selected. They proposed the concept of drift to describe the effect of perturbations on the dynamic process leading to equilibrium in evolutionary games with boundedly
rational agents.We test two versions of the modified Dalek game within a random-matched population. We also impose that the first mover chooses first (‘timing’) but the second mover is not informed of the first mover’s choice (‘lack of observability’) to emphasize the learning process taking place within the population. Our results support Binmore and Samuelson’s model
Drift and Equilibrium Selection with Human and Computer Players
Full text linkThe theory of drift (Binmore and Samuelson 1999) concerns equilibrium selection in which second-order disturbances may have first-order effects in the emergence of one equilibrium over the other. We provided experimental evidence with human players supporting the model in Caminati, Innocenti and Ricciuti (2006). In this paper we test it with conditioning by computer players. When computers are removed and humans are matched against each other, the comparative static properties of the model are confirmed
Type 2 immunity in asthma
No full textType 2-immunity represents the typical adaptive response to allergen exposure in atopic individuals. It mainly involves Th2 cells and immunoglobulin E, as the main orchestrators of type 2-inflammation. Recently, it has been highlighted that allergens may be responsible for a Th2 response beside specific IgE activation and that a number of other environmental stimuli, such as viruses and pollutants, can trigger the same pattern of inflammation beyond atopy. Emerging data sustain a substantial role of the so-called epithelial dysfunction in asthma pathogenesis, both from anatomic and functional point of view. Furthermore an increasing amount of evidence demonstrates the relevance of innate immunity in polarizing a Th2 impaired response in asthmatic patients. Under this perspective, the complex cross-talking between airway epithelium, innate and adaptive immunity is emerging as a major determinant of type 2-inflammation beyond allergens. This review will include an update on the relevance of dysregulation of innate and adaptive type 2-immunity in asthma pathogenesis, particularly severe asthma, and on the role of the allergens that are associated with severe asthma. Type 2-immunity also will be reviewed in the light of the current and upcoming targeted treatments for severe asthma
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