1,721,102 research outputs found
Alcuni spunti di riflessione sulle politiche di sostegno alle PPP per l’innovazione e lo sviluppo del territorio: il caso del settore delle costruzioni
No full textSystem-based policies in Italy: From industrial districts to technological clusters
Full text linkDespite the presence of some antecedents, system-based policies enter very slowly the framework of Italian industrial policies. However, they spread rapidly under the impulse coming from the EU as enterprise and innovation policies. The article briefly reviews this diffusion process, illustrating that the latter generates policies having different labels and goals. Their future depends on many factors, including the beliefs and confidence in these instruments by policy makers and policy analysts. Before developing new policies in this field or adapting existing ones, effective tools are needed, which allow for a proper evaluation of past experiences
Local development and innovation policies in China: the experience of Guangdong specialised towns
No full textThe complex web of global productive relations that characterizes the economic scenario generates radical changes in the dimension of local competitiveness. This raises new questions about the dynamics of change and upgrading in the industrial clusters and districts, and the governance of the same.
In particular, as stressed by several theoretical and empirical contributions, the insertion of enterprises, clusters and localities of industry within global-scale industrial organizations can enhance or limit their possibilities of development, thereby modifying their patterns of growth or decline (Arndt and Kierzkowski 2001). These possibilities are strongly influenced, though not determined, by the dynamics of power distribution along the global value chains (GVCs) in which enterprises and clusters are inserted (Gereffi, et al. 2005; Humphrey and Schmitz 2002), and they may be enhanced by a strategic supportive action implemented by local or supra-local agents. This brings us back to the cluster level, its business and governance structure, its systemic properties, the role played by the different local stakeholders, and the networks of business and institutional links that connect them (Altenburg and Meyer-Stamer 1999). Therefore, the analysis of global and local forces in action needs to be suitably integrated in order to identify the most appropriate policy levers and levels of intervention for promoting cluster upgrading.
An interesting laboratory for an understanding of the meshing between local and external forces in the growth of industrial clusters is represented by the Chinese case. The principal findings of a long-term fieldwork study on industrial clusters and specialized towns in Guangdong (China) have offered us deeper insight into this rich variety of forces. The study has highlighted the role played by both foreign enterprises and local reserves of entrepreneurship and competence, as well as the influence of regional policies supporting the development of industrial clusters (Bellandi and Di Tommaso 2005; Caloffi and Hirsch 2005; Bellandi and Caloffi 2008). Building on this base, our analysis of some selected Chinese industrial clusters localized in Guangdong Province aims to shed light on the role played by local policies on cluster upgrading within different business and institutional contexts
Città, distretti, sistemi regionali: incroci fra politiche di innovazione e politiche territoriali
No full textAll’interno di un percorso di apprendimento istituzionale che coinvolge l’Unione Europea e le regioni che la compongono, si assiste negli ultimi anni a due movimenti convergenti che toccano le politiche dell’innovazione e le politiche territoriali (comprese in parte le politiche urbane): si tratta, da un lato, di un generale riorientamento verso il territorio delle politiche per l’innovazione, mentre dall’altro si osserva una crescente centralità dell’innovazione nelle politiche territoriali.
Il riconoscimento di città, distretti industriali, regioni metropolitane e sistemi regionali di inno-vazione come specifiche unità di indagine e di politiche è un punto centrale di questo cambiamento, al quale si associa l’adozione di strutture di intervento (e di identificazione degli obiettivi delle poli-tiche) basate sulla promozione di reti di attori più o meno radicati localmente.
Dopo aver richiamato i fattori generali che sostengono questi movimenti, sarà illustrata una breve sintesi dell’analisi sull’incrocio fra politiche dell’innovazione e politiche territoriali così come risulta dall’osservazione delle politiche disegnate dalle varie Regioni italiane Obiettivo 2 EU
I nuovi distretti industriali
No full textEsistono ancora i distretti industriali? E qual è il loro stato di salute attuale? È possibile identificare delle caratteristiche peculiari dei «nuovi» distretti? Sono alcuni dei quesiti a cui si è tentato di rispondere nelle edizioni 2012 e 2013 degli Incontri di Artimino sullo sviluppo locale, in un confronto interessante e proficuo con rappresentanti del mondo delle imprese, del lavoro, delle istituzioni. I risultati della riflessione sono in questo volume che aiuta a comprendere meglio le trasformazioni del tessuto industriale italiano in questi anni di crisi. I contributi qui raccolti sono divisi in tre parti: la prima comprende le analisi condotte sui distretti industriali italiani a partire dai dati censuari del 2011; la seconda approfondisce l’evoluzione dei distretti industriali in alcune regioni del nord-est e del centro, in particolare in Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Marche e Toscana; la terza parte, infine, è dedicata all’analisi delle politiche pubbliche per lo sviluppo industriale locale e alla loro recente evoluzione
Towards a framework for the evaluation of cluster innovation and upgrading policies
No full textIn the current scenario, a large and growing number of policies for local development and cluster upgrading explicitly incorporate the idea of innovation as a systemic process, embedded in specific socio-cultural and institutional contexts and intermingled with international challenges, opportunities, and strategies. These policies bring new challenges to the activities of analysis and evaluation: despite the diffusion of a systemic approach both in innovation thinking and in innovation policies, a proper system-based framework for the analysis and evaluation of these policies is far from being achieved (Bellandi and Caloffi, 2010). Trying to advance our reflection on this field, we propose some exemplifications on a quite delimited set of contexts, i.e. those of industrial districts (Italian, in particular), characterized by SMEs clusters facing contemporary globalization challenges. Focusing on innovation policies aimed at supporting functional upgrading of districts and clusters soaked in changing international filières and value chains, the paper discusses the meaning of evaluation of industrial policies when a systemic perspective is considered. On such premises a couple of exemplifications are illustrated some features of appropriate evaluation methods. Finally, some methodological aspects concerning the design process of evaluation activities are discussed
Cognitive distance in public procurement and public–private partnerships: An analysis of the construction sector
Full text linkPublic–private partnerships (PPPs) are understood as collaborative devices that can be used to achieve both efficiency and innovation. For this potential to be realized, however, some significant obstacles to effective collaboration must be overcome, such as the cognitive distance that often separates public and private agents. In order to deepen our understanding of the collaboration problem, this article assesses the size and characteristics of cognitive distance by looking at agents operating in the construction industry in Italy and Slovenia. Our analysis detects the presence of different types of cognitive distance in different socio-economic contexts, suggesting that cognitive distance is not simply the outcome of individual intentionality but also of social context. We argue that there is constructive room for policies supporting the efficiency and diffusion of PPPs that will facilitate the emergence of context-specific intermediaries to smooth the progress of collaborative work
Distretti italiani e internazionalizzazione fra gli anni novanta e la prima metà del nuovo decennio
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