444 research outputs found
The transit phase of migration: circulation of malaria and its multidrug-resistant forms in Africa.
No full textIn the third article in a six-part PLoS Medicine series on Migration & Health, Cally Roper and Caroline Lynch use a case study of migration and anti-malarial drug resistance in Uganda to discuss the specific health risks and policy needs associated with the transit phase of migration
Kathy Roper
No full textPresented at The Future of Scholarly Publishing and Research Symposium, Friday, October 23, 2009, Wardlaw Gordy Room.Professor Roper teaches Professional Trends in Facility Management, Facility Planning, Project Management & Benchmarking, and co-developed and teaches the Integrated Facility & Property Management Capstone course. She was awarded the prestigious International Facility Management Association’s Educator Award of Excellence – 2005 and the Distinguished Author Award of Excellence – 2007
Drug resistance maps to guide intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in African infants.
No full textIntermittent preventive treatment of infants (IPTi) with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended as an additional malaria control intervention in high transmission areas of sub-Saharan Africa, provided its protective efficacy is not compromised by SP resistance. A significant obstacle in implementing SP-IPTi, is in establishing the degree of resistance in an area. Since SP monotherapy is discontinued, no contemporary measures of in vivo efficacy can be made, so the World Health Organisation has recommended a cut-off based upon molecular markers, stating that SP-IPTi should not be implemented when the prevalence of the dhps 540E mutation among infections exceeds 50%. We created a geo-referenced database of SP resistance markers in Africa from published literature. By selecting surveys of malaria infected blood samples conducted since 2004 we have mapped the contemporary prevalence of dhps 540E. Additional maps are freely available in interactive form at http://www.drugresistancemaps.org/ipti/. Eight countries in East Africa are classified as unsuitable for SP-IPTi when data are considered at a national level. Fourteen countries in Central and West Africa were classified as suitable while seven countries had no available contemporary data to guide policy. There are clear deficiencies in molecular surveillance data coverage. We discuss requirements for ongoing surveillance of SP resistance markers in support of the use of SP-IPTi
Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine Resistance in African Plasmodium falciparum malaria
No full textSulphadoxine pyrimethamine resistance (SPR) emerged soon after SP was introduced as
first line therapy for malaria in Africa during the 1990s. This thesis presents the first
attempt to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of SPR in sub-Saharan Africa.
Molecular and in vivo SPR data were gathered from primarily published sources onto a
handwritten and digital template, recording the precise geo-location of every data point.
The most commonly used methods were the World Health Organisation 1973 and 1996
protocols to measure in vivo efficacy and PCR-RFLP for molecular studies. Consistent
data gaps with both SPR measures were found in Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde,
Eritrea, Somalia, Togo and Mauritius (chapter two). Three broad categories of molecular
resistance emerged, reflecting the distribution patterns of dhfr and dhps point mutation
prevalence: (1) scarce partially resistant mutations namely dhps 436A and 613S which are
not increasing significantly over time, (2) emerging resistance mutations such as dhfr 164L
and dhps 581G which are rare but increasing within distinct geographical foci and (3)
major resistance mutations namely dhps 437G and 540E, which are widespread with
significantly increased prevalence over time and regional differences (chapter three).
Statistical analysis showed that the sensitive dhfr allelic haplotype frequencies decreased
over time in all regions whilst the triple mutant increased. The models developed for dhps
haplotypes showed a clear East-West divide with the double mutant dominating East
Africa and the single mutant occurring mainly in West Africa (chapter four). Standardised
in vivo efficacy data were matched with dhfr and dhps haplotypes using the nearest
geographic location and study year and then modelled. These analyses showed for the
first time, a clear effect of the frequency of dhps allelic haplotypes on SP efficacy (chapter
five). These findings are important in the context of continued use of SP in sub-Saharan
Africa for intermittent preventive treatment and support the use of molecular surveillance to
inform policy on SP use
James E. Roper
No full textArtwork photographed and inventoried by the 2015 Summer Art Inventory team in the Visual Resources Center.This is a portrait of James E. Roper in oil on canvas. The painting is of Roper in black regalia with a white hood and a red and blue striped tie. He is also wearing a button-down coat underneath with his left hand on a surface. The painting looks to be painted where the seal is in Palmer Hall. The artist’s signature “TOM DONAHUE . ’91” is painted in red at the lower right side of the canvas. The piece is framed in a decorative gold frame with a plaque in the bottom’s center reading “JAMES E. ROPER / 1918-1990 / ALUMNUS CLASS OF 1948; RHODES SCHOLAR; M.A. EXETER COLLEGE OXFORD: M.A. YALE / PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH 1954-1989; / HOLDR OF THE CHARLES R. GLOVER CHAIR OF ENGLISH STUDIES; HISTORIAN, HUMORIST, and WRITER; / AUTHOR OF SOUTHWESTERN AT MEMPHIS; 1948-1975”
The social context of the Book of Job
No full textAlthough much has been written about the Book of Job, no consensus exists among scholars with regard to issues such as the dating and origins of this book. In this article the controversies surrounding the social context of the book of Job are discussed. This is followed by an attempt to reconstruct a possible socio-theological context for this book. In doing this, special attention will be given to the writer� s possible relationship with the mainstream theological tradition of his day. This will be done by considering the possible aim of the �implied� author in constructing the book as well as the ways in which he has gone about achieving this aim. It is concluded that the implied author aimed to critically comment on the way in which the orthodox wisdom teachers of his time had clung to the traditional dogma of divine retribution. In doing this, this author seems to have employed various indirect techniques such as the use of a dramatic narrative to convey his message
Humor Writer of the Month: Jane Roper
No full textJane Roper, the author of two novels and a memoir, is our Humor Writer of the Month for October. Her essays and humor have appeared in Salon, McSweeney’s Internet Tendency, The Millions, Poets & Writers, The Rumpus, Cognoscenti, Writers’ Digest and elsewhere
Roper v. Simmons and Our Constitution in International Equipoise
No full textIn Roper v. Simmons, the Court unequivocally affirms the use of comparative constitutionalism to interpret the Eighth Amendment. It does not, however, provide an obvious theoretical basis to justify the practice. This Article searches for a theory to explain the comparativism in Roper using the theories advanced in the author\u27s previous scholarship. It concludes that of the colorable candidates, natural law constitutionalism is the most plausible explanation, with the attendant problems associated therewith. The Article concludes with an analysis of the possible ramifications of the Court\u27s comparative approach, suggesting that it may be pursuing a Constitution that is in international equipoise, with international values distributed liberally throughout our jurisprudence to ensure foreign and domestic equilibrium. comparative, constitution, international, roper, simmons, lawrence, death penalty, eighth amendment, constitutional comparativis
Margaret More Roper: an English Woman in Reformation Period
No full textThis diploma thesis "Margaret More Roper: an English Woman in Reformation Period" deals with the English reformation during the reign of Henry VIII and with the English woman Margaret More Roper, who lived during that time and who was the pioneer of humanistic educated women in England and one of the first well educated woman in Europe. I set her life and work into the context of Renaissance, Humanism and English reformation. Also I give attention into her only survived work, a translation of Erasmus' commentary on Lord's prayer. Within this thesis I deal with another educated woman who lived in 16th century. Her name is Katharina Schütz Zell and she is an author of the commentary on Lord's prayer. Keywords Margaret More Roper - Thomas More - Humanism and Renaissance - Females' Status and Education in 16th century - Henry VIII and English Reformation - Katharina Schütz Zell - Commentaries on Lord's PrayerTato diplomová práce s názvem "Margaret More Roper: příběh anglické ženy v časech reformace" pojednává o anglické reformaci v období vlády Jindřicha VIII. a o Angličance Margaret More Roper, která v této době žila. Margaret byla první humanisticky vzdělanou ženou v Anglii a také jednou z nejvzdělanějších žen v Evropě. Její život a dílo zasazuji do kontextu renesance, humanismu a anglické reformace. Věnuji se také jejímu jedinému dochovanému dílu, překladu Erasmova komentáře k modlitbě Páně. Podrobněji pojednávám také o další vzdělané ženě 16. stol., a to o Katharině Schütz Zell, která je autorkou komentáře k modlitbě Páně. Klíčová slova Margaret More Roper - Thomas More - humanismus a renesance - postavení a vzdělání žen v 16. stol. - Jindřich VIII. a anglická reformace - Katharina Schütz Zell - komentáře k modlitbě PáněProtestant theological facultyEvangelická teologická fakultaProtestant Theological FacultyEvangelická teologická fakult
Urschleim in Silicon: Return-Oriented Program Evolution with ROPER
No full textReturn-orientated programming (ROP) identifies pieces of a process’s executable memory ending in a return instruction (gadgets), and enlists them as an instruction set in which a new, “parasitic” program can be written, hijacking the process’s
control flow. Since gadgets are already present in executable memory, there is no reliance upon memory being mapped as both writeable and executable, which lets the ROP program (or “chain”) bypass the shellcode attack mitigation known as w ⊕ x.
As such ROP represents one of the most difficult exploit mechanisms to mitigate. This thesis explores ROP-chain generation as a domain for evolutionary computation. It describes a system called ROPER (Return-Oriented Program Evolution with
ROPER), designed and implemented by the author, which orchestrates the evolution of ROP-chains towards declaratively specified objectives. The author goes on to study the behaviour and ecology of the ROP-chain populations generated by ROPER, and their responses to various environmental pressures. Issues of importance include: 1) establishing a robust environment for evolution to discover ROP solutions, 2) the design of variation operators, 3) emergent strategies for genomic resilience, and 4) the role of speciation through fitness sharing. Case studies are performed using four very different tasks representative of: 1) the functional objective of a bare bones exploit, 2) a supervised learning task, 3) policy discovery for an agent playing ‘Snake’, and 4) an “unwinnable” task in which fitness is gauged randomly, so that the effects of
non-selective pressures in the environment can be studied. Taken together this work represents the first time that ROP evolution has been explicitly demonstrated (at least in the public domain), and studied across a range of tasks
- …
