1,721,208 research outputs found
Shape Control with the eXtreme Shape Controller during Plasma Current Ramp-Up and Ramp-Down at the JET Tokamak
No full textThe eXtreme Shape Controller (XSC) has been originally designed to control the plasma shape at JET during the flat-top phase, when the plasma current has a constant value. During the JET 2012 experimental campaigns, the XSC has been used to improve the shape control during the transient phases of plasma current ramp-up and ramp-down. In order to avoid the saturation of the actuators with these transient phases, a current limit avoidance system has been designed and implemented. This paper presents the experimental results achieved at JET during the 2012 campaigns using the XSC. © 2013 Euratom: EURATOM-ENEA-CREATE/ Universita' di Napoli Federico II; European Atomic Energy Community
ITER-like current ramps in JET with ILW: Experiments, modelling and consequences for ITER
No full textSince the ITER-like wall in JET (JET-ILW) came into operation, dedicated ITER-like plasma current (Ip) ramp-up (RU) and ramp-down (RD) experiments have been performed and matched to similar discharges with the carbon wall (JET-C). The experiments show that access to H-mode early in the Ip RU phase and maintaining H-mode in the Ip RD as long as possible are instrumental to achieve low internal plasma inductance (li) and to minimize flux consumption. In JET-ILW, at a given current rise rate similar variations in li (0.7-0.9) are obtained as in JET-C. In most discharges no strong W accumulation is observed. However, in some low density cases during the early phase of the Ip strong core radiation due to W influx led to hollow electron temperature (Te) profiles. In JET-ILW Zeff is significantly lower than in JET-C. W significantly disturbs the discharge evolution when the W concentration approaches 10-4; this threshold is confirmed by predictive transport modelling using the CRONOS code. Ip RD experiments in JET-ILW confirm the result of JET-C that sustained H-mode and elongation reduction are both instrumental in controlling li. © 2015 EURATOM
Impact of W on scenario simulations for ITER
No full textIn preparation of ITER operation, large machines have replaced their wall and divertor material to W (ASDEX Upgrade) or a combination of Be for the wall and W for the divertor (JET). Operation in these machines has shown that the influx of W can have a significant impact on the discharge evolution, which has made modelling of this impact for ITER an urgent task. This paper reports on such modelling efforts. Maximum tolerable W concentrations have been determined for various scenarios, both for the current ramp-up and flat-top phase. Results of two independent methods are presented, based on the codes ZIMPUR plus ASTRA and CRONOS, respectively. Both methods have been tested and benchmarked against ITER-like Ip RU experiments at JET. It is found that W significantly disturbs the discharge evolution when the W concentration approaches ∼10-4; this critical level varies somewhat between scenarios. © 2015 EURATOM
Evolution within the market of painting products (the paints in the building field)
No full textLa produzione di vernici murali ha subito profondi cambiamenti da un punto di vista produttivo e distributivo. Il presente lavoro vuole analizzare l’etichettatura in tale settore in considerazione dell’evoluzione della normativa e delle nuove prospettive da un punto di vista del ciclo di vita dei prodotti rispetto all’impatto ambientale in un ottica di armonizzazione con le dinamiche della normativa per la distribuzione e vendita nel europe
Ecodesign as a strategy to increase energy efficiency in the household appliance sector
No full textEcodesing is increasingly important for the design / production of household appliances: This work analyzes the development of eco-design in the light of the harmonization of the standards on electrical and electronic equipment at the community leve
La gestione dei rifiuti da apparecchiature elettriche ed elettroniche
No full textGli apparati elettrici elettronici sono al vaglio dai vari comitati preposti al livello europeo in particolare il Cenelec ha di recente prodotto una serie di studi in merito al loro ciclo di vita. Il presente lavoro vuole effettuare talune considerazioni in merito ai recenti cambiamenti della normativa europea e l’esigenza di un adeguamento nella raccolta e smaltimento degli stessi sul nostro territorio, considerando talune iniziative regionali differenziat
Il futuro della refrigerazione
No full textIl presente lavoro analizza l’evoluzione delle tecnologie adottate nel settore della refrigerazione. In particolare sono analizzati i nuovi circuiti ad HFC meno impattanti sull’ozono rispetto a quelli con gas CFC per i quali, la normativa europea, ha previsto una prossima dismissione . Sono prese in considerazione anche ipotetiche soluzioni con l’adozione di circuiti ad ammoniaca in considerazione dell’impatto a fine ciclo di vita e nuovi materiali per le parti interne degli apparat
PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
No full textNew techniques in environmental-friendly tyre production
No full textThe increase in tire production and the new regulatory restrictions on their disposal have led to an intensification of research into the granulation and end-of-life treatment of discarded or reused tires. In this paper we want to highlight the technological production progress in terms of tire recycling as a second raw material to reduce the environmental impact of used tires at the end of their life
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