1,721,182 research outputs found
A review of isothiocyanates biofumigation activity on plant parasitic nematodes
No full textNatural isothiocyanates (ITCs) are toxic to a range of soil-borne pest and pathogens, including nematodes and fungi, and can thus be used as natural fumigants called biofumigants. Glucosinolates, β-thioglucoside N-hydroxysulfates, are secondary metabolites of Brassicales plants, stored in the S-cells vacuoles. Upon plant tissue damage myrosinase (thioglucoside glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.3.1), stored in contiguous cells, hydrolyses glucosinalates to an unstable aglycone that eventually eliminates sulfate group producing a wide range of different volatile isothiocyanates that are extremely toxic to root-knot nematodes. In fact, among synthetic commercial nematicidal formulates we can find isothiocyanates as active ingredients. Conventional nematode control practices have included soil sterilants of great environmental impact, most of which are now banned making mandatory the development of eco-sustainable alternative tools. We reviewed the nematicidal activity of isothiocyanates as components of botanical matrixes in the frame of a holistic nematode control approach encompassing secondary beneficial effects on soil structure and microbiology, beneficial preservation, enhanced residual life of biological activity and plant growth
Botanical nematicides in the mediterranean basin
No full textAchieving food sufficiency in a sustainable manner is a major challenge for farmers, agro-industries, researchers and governments. Amongst agricultural pests supressing crops, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) represent possibly the world's most damaging one, the control of which has been mainly based on chemical nematicides. In the recent years the environmental, food safety and animal welfare issues pose the need for alternative nematode control measures. Screening naturally occurring compounds in plants, involved in the complex chemical-mediated interactions between a plant and other organisms in its environment, can provide with innovative nematode control measures that can be safely used in integrated pest management programs. The Mediterranean Basin is an area where various soils and climatic conditions allow a vast plant biodiversity providing with chemical botanicals of significant nematicidal potency. This is a review on the Mediterranean botanicals that can control Meloidogyne spp
Levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, 2-furoic acid in sapa syrup, Marsala wine and bakery products
No full textIn the last years, the attention to the potential carcinogenic effects of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the human health is increased. This compound is used as a marker of honey adulteration and as an indication of thermal treatment of food containing sugars. In this study, we evaluated the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, 2-furoic acid, in sapa syrup, Marsala wines and bakery products containing sapa. Average levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in sapa syrup were 2.3 ± 0.8 g/kg while in bakery products were 167 ± 133 mg/kg. Moreover, levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Marsala wine were 175 ± 150 mg/L. In addition, bakery products showed levels of furfural and furoic acid equal to 7.0 ± 4.5 and 48 ± 46 mg/kg, respectively, while furfural and furoic acid levels of 3.7 ± 1.7 and 27 ± 18 mg/L in Marsala wines. The present study suggested that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be used as a marker to fingerprint the use of sapa in food preparation. Abbreviations: DAD: diode array detector, F: furfural, FA: 2-furoic acid, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, HMF: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; LOD: limit of detection, LOQ: limit of quantification, SMF: 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, TCA: trichloroacetic acid
Biofunctional properties of Melia azedarach extracts
No full textMelia azedarach is a botanical species on the focus of global research for its biological properties. It is usually used for its timber as well as a shade tree. This deciduous tree is a Meliaceae species that, unlike Azadirachta indica, adapts in various tropical and warm temperate regions around the world and has thus gradually gained scientific interest. The secondary metabolites it contains exhibit various biological properties, belong to different chemical categories and can be extracted from various plants parts. The appliance of such knowledge is of interest in medicine and agriculture, while analytical methods and extraction procedures serve as tools for identification and quantification of similar substances in other complex botanical matrixes. To date the discovery of novel alternative methods for diseases and pest control are mandatory, due to resistance problems and toxicity management to non target organisms
Pesticidi di origine naturale
No full textLe specie di insetti conosciute sono circa un
milione e di queste circa diecimila hanno un effetto
negativo sulla specie umana. Si stima che gli insetti
distruggano annualmente il 30-40% della produzione
agricola e approssimativamente 10 milioni di euro sono
spesi per proteggere le colture dall’attacco dei parassiti.
Inoltre, alcune specie di ditteri sono i vettori privilegiati di
malattie come la malaria, la filariosi, la scistomosomiasi e
la tripanosomiasi, malattie che debilitano fortemente
l’uomo e i suoi animali da compagnia. A livello mondiale,
ad esempio, ci sono circa 216 milioni di casi l’anno di
malaria che portano alla morte di circa 655 mila individui,
principalmente bambini. La mosca tse-tse mette a rischio,
con la trasmissione della tripanosomiasi, la vita di 100
milioni di persone e 60 milioni di capi di bestiame
nell'Africa sub-Saharian
Phenylpyrazole insecticide photochemistry, metabolism, and GABAergic action: ethiprole compared with fipronil
No full text- …
