53 research outputs found
Neural Representation of Simple Visual Stimuli
No full textTitle: Neural Representation of Simple Visual Stimuli, Author: Thomas Hoeppner, Location: ThodeActivity of individual cells in the
visual cortex of the cat was observed during patterned
stimulation of the retina. Orientation
and illumination of a simple light-dark stimulus
were varied. Cells gave the same response to different
stimuli, suggesting that 'place' theories
of pattern recognition, theories based solely on
'which' cells are responding, are inadequate. It
is suggested that stimuli are represented by the
relative activity across several neurons.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
Responsiveness of Neurones in the Visual Cortex of Unanesthetized Cats
No full textTitle: Responsiveness of Neurones in the Visual Cortex of Unanesthetized Cats, Author: Thomas Hoeppner, Location: ThodeAction potentials were recorded from individual neurones in the visual cortex of unanesthetized cats to determine how these neurones respond to visual stimulation. The retina was stimulated by an oscillating light-dark boundary. Very few consecutive
stimulus events are necessary to determine categorically the presence or absence of a response; the summation of the neural activity associated with additional stimulus events is superfluous. No adaptation was observed during sixty seconds of stimulation (180 consecutive stimulus events), although a temporary decline in responsiveness often occurred after the
first response. The number of very short intervals between successive discharges was greatly increased during stimulation.ThesisMaster of Arts (MA
The Development of Criterion Categories for Evaluating Novels Dealing with Teen-Age Drinking
No full textDrinking has existed throughout time in may forms. It is only within the last few years that society has viewed alcohol use with concern as the number of teen-agers drinking and more importantly, teen-age alcoholism has increased. In order to combat these figures, many alcohol education programs are being instituted throughout the country.
Many- or these programs are based on the values clarification approach. One teaching method to this approach is the use of the novel. From research conducted, it appears that little has been done in using novels dealing with teen-age drinking. Recognizing the utility of this type of novel, this author has taken objectives from alcohol education programs and developed them into criterion categories. The criterion categories are then used in evaluating selected novels dealing with teen-age drinking.
This author chose a panel or experts who in tum, selected ten novels dealing directly with or including teen-age drinking. This author then applied the criterion categories to each novel. For each novel, .a book review that included a plot summary and critque based on the criterion categories was completed
REVIEW OF PIT NUCLEATION, GROWTH AND PITTING CORROSION FATIGUE MECHANISMS
No full textThis paper presents a review of the state of the art developments in the pitting corrosion fatigue of aircraft structural materials. Mechanisms that govern the nucleation and growth of pitting and corrosion fatigue (CF) are briefly addressed. Some of the developments made in the author\u27s laboratories in proposing the fretting induced pit nucleation and growth mechanisms, analysis of the hidden corrosion constituents in fuselage joints and pitting corrosion fatigue crack growth (PCFCG) model are elucidated. An epistemology of the topic is presented which will be of assistance to the community working in this area
Mass Casualty Mini Drills on Trauma Surgery Department Staff Knowledge: An Educational Improvement Study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Over the last decade, the United States has witnessed an increase in mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The outcome of an MCI depends upon hospital preparedness, yet many hospitals are unfamiliar with their facility MCI procedure. Educational training drills may be one method to improve staff knowledge of policy and procedure.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to improve knowledge gained through educational MCI mini drills of institutional mass casualty policy and procedure in surgery department staff at a level II trauma center.
METHODS: A pre-/posttest design was utilized. The hospital implemented MCI mini training drills as a quality improvement project using Plan-Do-Study-Act iterative cycles with prospective data collection. Knowledge scores were measured using a 12-item surgery department MCI policy and procedure questionnaire that was developed by the author and leadership.
RESULTS: A one-way analysis of covariance analysis in participants that mini drilled more than once indicated significant effect on mean cycle score differences among three cycles F(2,21) = 12.96, p = .00. Multiple comparison using Games-Howell indicated the mean score for Cycle 4 (M = 96.15, SD = 6.54) was significantly different from Cycle 3 (M = 59.71, SD = 25.15). Gender, shift, and credentials of participants influenced knowledge improvement.
CONCLUSION: Implementation of hospital MCI mini drills improved staff knowledge of institutional mass casualty policy and procedure in the surgery department and may be applied to surgery departments with similar policy, procedure, and participant characteristics. Hospital mass casualty response education and preparation is essential to saving lives
Author Correction: Pancreatic cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells and Primary Tumors show Heterogeneous KRAS Mutations
No full textVersion of Recor
Association between physical pain and alcohol treatment outcomes: The mediating role of negative affect
No full textPhysical pain and negative affect have been described as risk factors for alcohol use following alcohol treatment. The current study was a secondary analysis of 2 clinical trials for alcohol use disorder (AUD) to examine the associations between pain, negative affect and AUD treatment outcomes. Method: Participants included 1,383 individuals from the COMBINE Study (COMBINE Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence; COMBINE Study Research Group, 2003; 31% female, 23% ethnic minorities, average age = 44.4 [SD = 10.2]), a multisite combination pharmacotherapy and behavioral intervention study for AUD in the United States, and 742 individuals from the United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT Research Team, 2001; 25.9% female, 4.4% ethnic minorities, average age = 41.6 [SD = 10.1]) a multisite behavioral intervention study for AUD in the United Kingdom. The Form-90 was used to collect alcohol use data, the Short Form Health Survey and Quality of Life measures were used to assess pain, and negative affect was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (COMBINE) and the General Health Questionnaire (UKATT). Results: Pain scores were significantly associated with drinking outcomes in both datasets. Greater pain scores were associated with greater negative affect and increases in pain were associated with increases in negative affect. Negative affect significantly mediated the association between pain and drinking outcomes and this effect was moderated by social behavior network therapy (SBNT) in the UKATT study, with SBNT attenuating the association between pain and drinking. Conclusion: Findings suggest pain and negative affect are associated among individuals in AUD treatment and that negative affect mediated pain may be a risk factor for alcohol relapse.</p
On taming the effect of transcript level intra-condition count variation during differential expression analysis: a story of dogs, foxes and wolves: Bowtie2 counts and kallisto abundances
No full textIntra [1] and inter [2-5] study RNA-seq read datasets representing the varying brain compartments of foxes (n=24), as well as dogs (n=14) and wolves (n=6), as described in Lobo et al., (2022) (under review), were mapped to the dog reference transcriptome [6], which contained 26,107 annotated transcripts (Ensembl CanFam3.1, release 92) [7], using Bowtie2 v.2.3.4.1 [8] and using kallisto v0.46.1 [9]. Count data obtained following each mapping approach for each dataset had high correlations (Lobo et al., Figure S2). Bowtie2 counts were subsequently used in multiple differential analysis experiments in order to explore the effects of intra-condition count variation on the detection of differentially expressed transcripts. The individual count and abundance datasets for each corresponding RNA-seq dataset are available here.
A preprint of Lobo et al., 2022, currently under review for PLOS ONE, is available [10]. The preprint however does not contain reviewer requested information on simulations as this, along with other additions including an additional author RL, has been subsequently added during the review process. These additions will be made available following review via a link to the final paper.
Related software to this project are:
1. CStone
2. CSReadGen
3. CView
4. ChimSim
5. TVScript <
General details of the projects involved are available: dog-wolf and chimerism.
References
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2. Roy M, Kim N, Kim K, Chung WH, Achawanantakun R, Sun Y, et al. Analysis of the canine brain transcriptome with an emphasis on the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Mamm Genome. 2013;24: 484–499. doi:10.1007/s00335-013-9480-0
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4. Hoeppner MP, Lundquist A, Pirun M, Meadows JRS, Zamani N, Johnson J, et al. An improved canine genome and a comprehensive catalogue of coding genes and non-coding transcripts. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):91172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091172
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6. Hoeppner MP, Lundquist A, Pirun M, Meadows JRS, Zamani N, Johnson J, et al. An improved canine genome and a comprehensive catalogue of coding genes and non-coding transcripts. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):91172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091172
7. Yates AD, Achuthan P, Akanni W, Allen J, Allen J, Alvarez-Jarreta J, et al. Ensembl 2020. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48: D682–D688. doi:10.1093/NAR/GKZ966
8. Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1923
9. Bray NL, Pimentel H, Melsted P, Pachter L. Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification. Nat Biotechnol 2016 345. 2016;34: 525–527. doi:10.1038/nbt.3519
10. Lobo D, Godinho R, Archer JP. On taming the effect of transcript level intra-condition count variation during differential expression analysis: a story of dogs, foxes and wolves. bioRxiv. 2022; 2022.01.24.477470. doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477470This work was funded by the project NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000063, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by research funding from the projects under the references PTDC/BIA-EVF/29115/2017, PTDC/BIA-EVF/2460/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029115 co-funded by Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, Portugal 2020 and the European Union via the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by National Funds through FCT. DL, RG were supported by FCT (PD/BD/132403/2017 to DL, contract under DL57/2016 to RG) and JA was supported by Funds through FCT under the references POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029115 and PTDC/BIA-EVL/29115/2017. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. FCT URL: https://www.fct.pt/
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