187 research outputs found
Fen mapping for the Salmon-Challis National Forest
No full textPrepared for: Salmon-Challis National Forest.December 2017.Includes bibliographical references.The Salmon-Challis National Forest (SCNF) covers 4.3 million acres in five discontinuous units within east-central Idaho. Wetlands within the SCNF provide important ecological services to both the Forest and lands downstream. Organic soil wetlands, known as fens, are an irreplaceable resource that the U.S. Forest Service has determined should be managed for conservation and restoration. Fens are defined as groundwater-fed wetlands with organic soils that typically support sedges and low stature shrubs. In the arid west, organic soil formation can take thousands of years. Long-term maintenance of fens requires maintenance of both the hydrology and the plant communities that enable fen formation. ... This report and associated dataset provide the SCNF with a critical tool for conservation planning at both a local and Forest-wide scale. These data will be useful for the ongoing SCNF biological assessment required by the 2012 Forest Planning Rule, but can also be used for individual management actions, such as planning for timber sales, grazing allotments, and trail maintenance. Wherever possible, the Forest should avoid direct disturbance to the fens mapped through this project, and should also strive to protect the watersheds surrounding high concentrations of fens, thereby protecting their water sources
Review of neutral beam heating on JET for physics experiments and the production of high fusion performance plasmas
No full textThe JET hybrid scenario in Deuterium, Tritium and Deuterium-Tritium
No full textThe JET hybrid scenario has been developed from low plasma current carbon wall discharges to the record-breaking Deuterium-Tritium plasmas obtained in 2021 with the ITER-like Be/W wall. The development started in pure Deuterium with refinement of the plasma current, and toroidal magnetic field choices and succeeded in solving the heat load challenges arising from 37 MW of injected power in the ITER like wall environment, keeping the radiation in the edge and core controlled, avoiding MHD instabilities and reaching high neutron rates. The Deuterium hybrid plasmas have been re-run in Tritium and methods have been found to keep the radiation controlled but not at high fusion performance probably due to time constraints. For the first time this scenario has been run in Deuterium-Tritium (50:50). These plasmas were re-optimised to have a radiation-stable H-mode entry phase, good impurity control through edge Ti gradient screening and optimised performance with fusion power exceeding 10 MW for longer than three alpha particle slow down times, 8.3 MW averaged over 5 s and fusion energy of 45.8 MJ.The BSC part of this work has contributed through the Spanish National R&D Project PID2019-110854RB-I00 and the CIEMAT part through grant PID2021-127727OB-I00, funded through MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF "A way of making Europe". This scientific paper has been published as part of the international project co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the programme called 'PMW' for 2018–2023. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200 - EUROfusion) and from the EPSRC [Grant Number EP/W006839/1]. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER organization.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per més de 50 autors/es:" J. Hobirk, C.D. Challis, A. Kappatou, E. Lerche, D. Keeling, D. King, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, F. Auriemma, M. Baruzzo, É. Belonohy, J. Bernardo, A. Boboc, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F.J. Casson, A. Chomiczewska, J. Citrin, I.H. Coffey, N.J. Conway, D. Douai, E. Delabie, B. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, M. Fontana, J.M. Fontdecaba, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, D. Gallart, J. Garcia, M. Gelfusa, Z. Ghani, L. Giacomelli, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, M. Goniche, W. Gromelski, S. Hacquin, C. Ham, N.C. Hawke, R.B. Henriques, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Ho, L. Horvath, I. Ivanova-Stanik, P. Jacquet, F. Jaulmes, E. Joffrin, H.T. Kim, V. Kiptily, K. Kirov, D. Kos, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk11, H. Kumpulainen24, K. Lawson2, M. Lennholm2,25, X. Litaudon14, E. Litherland-Smith2, P.J. Lomas, E. de la Luna, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, M.J. Mantsinen, M. Maslov, G. Matthews, K.G. McClements, A.G. Meigs, S. Menmuir, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, S. Moradi, R.B. Morales, S. Nowak, F. Orsitto, A. Patel, L. Piron, C. Prince, G. Pucella, E. Peluso, C. Perez von Thun, E. Rachlew, C. Reux, F. Rimini, S. Saarelma, P. A Schneider, S. Scully, M. Sertoli, S. Sharapov, A. Shaw, S. Silburn, A. Sips, P. Siren, C. Sozzi, E.R. Solano, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, C. Stuart, H.J. Sun, G. Szepesi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, G. Verdoolaege, B. Viola, N. Wendler, M. Zerbini and JET Contributors"Postprint (published version
Observation of alpha-particles in recent D–T experiments on JET
No full textThe fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium, D(T,n)4He is the main source of energy in future thermonuclear reactors. Alpha-particles (4He-ions) born with an average energy of 3.5 MeV transferring energy to the thermal plasma during their slowing down, should provide the self-sustained D–T plasma burn. The adequate confinement of α-particles is essential to provide efficient heating of the bulk plasma and steady burning of a reactor plasma. That is why the fusion-born α-particle studies have been a priority task in the second D–T experiments (DTE2) on the Joint European Torus (JET) to understand the main mechanisms of their slowing down, redistribution and losses and to develop optimal plasma scenarios. JET with Be-wall and W-divertor, enhanced auxiliary heating systems and improved energetic-particle diagnostic capabilities, producing significant population of α-particles, provided the possibility for comprehensive studying of the α-particle behaviour. Selected results of the confined and lost α-particle measurements, evidence of α-particle self-heating and assessments of the fusion performance are presented in this paper giving an opportunity for further modelling and extrapolation to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and burning plasma reactors.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No 101052200—EUROfusion) and from the RCUK Energy Programme (Grant Number EP/W006839/1). Also, this work partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-09CH11466, by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the programme 'PMW' for 2022-2023, by the Grants FIS2017-85252-R and PID2021-127727OB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF 'A way of making Europe'. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. To obtain further information on the data and models underlying this paper please contact [email protected] Reviewed"Article signat per 50 autors/es: V.G. Kiptily, C.D. Challis, R. Dumont, M. Fitzgerald, J. Garcia, L. Garzotti, Z. Ghani, J. Hobirk, P. Jacquet, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, Ye. Kazakov, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, S.E. Sharapov, E.R. Solano, D. Van Eester, P.J. Bonofiglo, T. Craciunescu, A. Dal Molin, J. Eriksson, V. Goloborodko, M.V. Iliasova, E.M. Khilkevitch, D. King, I. Lengar, M. Nocente, S. Menmuir, M. Podestà, M. Poradzinski, D. Rigamonti, J. Rivero-Rodriguez, Z. Stancar, A.E. Shevelev, P. Siren, H. Sun, D.M. Taylor, M. Tardocchi, P. Beaumont, F. Belli, F.E. Cecil, R. Coelho, M. Curuia, M. Garcia-Munoz, E. Joffrin, C. Lowry, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, D. Marocco, M. Maslov, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Rimini, V. Zoita and JET Contributors"Postprint (published version
Hypoxia and preeclampsia: increased expressions of urocortin 2 and urocortin 3
No full textObjective: Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) and urocortin 3 (Ucn3) are new members of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family of peptides expressed and localized in human placenta. In the current study, we aimed to asses whether hypoxia affects placental Ucn2/Ucn3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein localization in physiological or pathological hypoxia and to evaluate whether the effect is modulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Methods: Early first-trimester placental specimens from elective termination of pregnancy were used for villous explants and term placental tissue were used for primary cell cultures. The samples were incubated under different oxygen conditions; parallel sets exposed to hypoxia re-oxygenation (HR). Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), an HIF-1α stabilizer, was used to mimic the effects of hypoxia in villous explants. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohystochemistry were performed on early pregnancy and preeclamptic (PE) placentae. mRNA levels were measured on villous explants and cell cultures incubated under different oxygen and reagent conditions. Results: Both Ucn2 and Ucn3 mRNA expression was significantly higher at 6 to 9 weeks of gestation than 10 to 12 wks and in primary trophoblast cell cultures and explants exposed to low O2 tension (3%) compared to 20% O 2. Strong Ucn2/Ucn3 immunoreactivity was present in trophoblast villi from 6 weeks placentae. Ucn2 immunostaining was stronger in early PE (E-PE) samples relative to controls whereas Ucn3 showed stronger immunoreactivity in late-PE (L-PE) placentae. Only Ucn2 transcript levels increased in HR explants. Ucn2 and Ucn3 expression by first-trimester explants was significantly greater in the presence of DMOG. All PE placentae expressed significantly higher Ucn2 and Ucn3 mRNA compared to controls. Discussion: Placental Ucn2 and Ucn3 expression is sensitive to O2 tensions and mediated by HIF-1α. During early pregnancy, Ucn2/Ucn3 may influence trophoblast proliferation and establishment of pregnancy. In PE placentae, the increased expression of both peptides may reflect a response to the oxidative stress. © The Author(s) 2010
Mt. Borah
No full textA mountain rises above some wooded foothills. Description reads: ""Telephoto view of Mt. Borah (12,655 ft. elevation) highest mountain in Idaho, taken from Grazing Service CCC Camp Chilly #111. Forest: Challis, State: Idaho, Date: 7/1940, Author: P.S. Bieler""
The challenges of commissioning home care for older people in England: Commissioners' perspectives
No full textHome care for older people in England is commissioned through local authorities working predominantly with independent providers of care. Commissioners operate in a market model, planning and procuring home care services for local populations. Their role involves 'managing' and 'shaping' the market to ensure an adequate supply of care providers. Another imperative, emerging from the principles of personalisation, is the drive to achieve user outcomes rather than 'time and task' objectives. Little formal research has investigated the way commissioners reconcile these different requirements and organise commissioning. This study investigated commissioning approaches using qualitative telephone interviews with ten commissioners from different local authorities in England. The characteristics of commissioning were analysed thematically. Findings indicated (a) commissioning involved complex systems and processes, uniquely shaped for the local context, but frequently changed, suggesting a constant need for reframing commissioning arrangements; (b) partnerships with providers were mainly transactional, with occasional examples of collaborative models, that were considered to facilitate flexible services more appropriate for commissioning for personalised outcomes; and (c) only a small number of commissioners had attempted to reconcile the competing and incompatible goals of tightly prescribed contracting and working collaboratively with providers. A better understanding of flexible contracting arrangements and the hallmarks of a trusting collaboration is required to move beyond the procedural elements of contracting and commissioning. © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.Davies, K., Dalgarno, E., Davies, S., Roberts, A., Hughes, J., Chester, H., Jasper, R., Wilson, D. & Challis, D. (2020). The challenges of commissioning home care for older people in England: Commissioners' perspectives. Ageing and Society, 41(8), pp. 1858-1877
Hyndman Peak
No full textA mountain is visible across a valley and between two hills. Description reads: ""Hyndman Peak (12,078 ft. elevation) as seen from upper Big Lost River near Kane Creek on Forest Road to Ketchum. Forest: Challis, State: Idaho, Date: 7/1940, Author: P.S. Bieler""
Antipodean American Literary Studies: An Interview with Paul Giles
No full textPaul Giles is Challis Professor of English at the University of Sydney, Australia. He is the author of many books discussing English, American, and Australian literature from transnational perspectives, including American Catholic Arts and Fictions: Culture, Ideology, Aesthetics (Cambridge University Press, 1992), Virtual Americas: Transnational Fictions and the Transatlantic Imaginary (Duke University Press, 2002), The Global Remapping of American Literature (Princeton University Press, 2011..
CCC Men Fishing
No full textThree CCC men standing on the bank of a creek. Each man is holding a thick stick over his shoulder with a large fish on the end. Description reads: ""Salmon fishers on Marsh Creek near Lolo Creek camp. Forest: Challis State: Idaho Date: July 1989 Author: Paul S. Bieler""
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