1,023 research outputs found
Depathologising Gender: Vulnerability in Trans Health Law
No full textThis chapter challenges how gender has been positioned under the control of health professionals in the regulation of trans bodies. Trans people have formed complex relationships with health professionals, whose influence is often crucial in determining access to body modification treatments including hormones and surgeries. Having previously argued that this constitutes an overreach of medical jurisdiction, this chapter is more forward-looking, assessing the potential of a human right to depathologisation. After deciding that latent risks in this strategy might outweigh potential benefits, we propose an alternative agenda which understands trans bodies, and the institutions which regulate their access to health care, as vulnerable. This change of emphasis offers key insights which could benefit the activists and scholars engaged in the trans depathologisation movement
Jacksonville State Teachers College Semi-Centennial 1934 Celebration
No full textThe semi-centennial celebration was held Friday, August 10, 1934 outdoors at the State Teachers College in Jacksonville, Alabama. The program consisted of a processional, welcome address given by Supt. A.F. Harman, greetings, music, recessional, barbecue luncheon, inspection of grounds and buildings, open forum, parade, historical pageant, delivery of diplomas and conferring of degrees, semi-centennial address given by President C.W. Daugette, singing of the college song, etc. The candidates for degrees were Daisy Atkins, Mary Emmie Boozer, E. Grady Cook, Barbara Harris, Mildred E. Howell, Barto Hughes, Virginia Fendley Irby, Herschel Lindsay, Vera E. Meadows, Verna Mae Sizemore, Grace Abercrombie, Kathryn Allen, James C. Bailey, Alice Barganier, Winnie Barnes, Blake Bartlett, Raymond W. Bates, Clarence Beasley, Mildred B. Eason, Lois Bedwell, Jewel V. Belcher, Travis L. Belcher, Robbie Bertram, Karl Bertram, Dove B icknell, Lewis W. Blackerby, Orion Blackwell, Daisy Blair, H. L. Blocker, Bonnie Ruth Bowers, Hampton L. Bowman, Sarah Box, Lois Brock, Ruby Brock, A. E. Bruner, Hazel Bryant, Lester Bryant, Madolyn Buffington, Mamie Oda Burke, Margaret Sue Caffee, Georgia Camp, H. Eugene Cannon, Mary Kate Cannon, B. T. Cantrell, Alma Belle Carter, Clelen Clay, Wallace Clements, Louise Corley, D. P. Culp, Cora Davidson, Jeremiah Davidson, Herbert Dick, Thomas R. Downs, Mary Willie Elliott, Harvey D. Elrod, Lucille Acker Estes, Lois V. Faught, Josephine Ford, Lois Gaines, Eunice Garren, Nellie Gauntt, Arnold L. Gilbert, Vergie Spence Gilbert, Emma Glasscock, Mildred P. Glazner, Katherine Griffin, Nora Hall, WilliamThurman Hallman, Harry Lee Haney, Inez Hamilton, Pauline Harvella, Homer E. M. Hays, Winnie Lee Higgins, Ruth Hilt, Ewell Ruth Holland, Maynard Hood, James Cullen Hunnicutt, Mary Ann Jacobs, Kermit A. Johnson, J. P. Johnson, Maude B. Johnson, Bertha Frances Karr, Rosabel Landers, Annie Mae Leath, Dixie Mae Leath, Willie Myrtle Littlejohn, Irene Looney, Vernice Lyon, Mary McClendon, Alma Ruth McWhorter, Mrs. C. A. Mathews, Lillie Belle Matthews, Lucile Morton, Annie D. Moses, Herbert C. Murphree, Martha Murphree, Annie Mae Nichols, Coley M. Nichols, Ernest M. Plunkett, Clyde W. Qualls, Dane L. Rosser, Alton Runyans, Ophelia Runyans, Lucille Scroggin, Myrtle Segrest, Edward Sewell, Lucy Shipp, Travis Shipp, Lother B. Sibert, R. D. Simpson, Gerstle Grigsby Smith, Maggie Pullen Smith, William A. Smith, Lossie Stanford, Frank Stewart, Irene Stewart, Annie Laurie Swindall, Jacqueline Thomas, Joe E. Thompson, Marjorie Thompson, Theron Vick, Nellie Waldrop, Agnes Wall, Clarke Watters, Emmett Weaver, Willa Nolen Webb, J. C. White, Louise Wright, Mary Lizzie Yates, Everett York. [donated]https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib-ac-histimg/50030/thumbnail.jp
Epidemiology of metabolite profile and prostate cancer risk
No full textInsulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the only known potentially modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Intake of dietary protein, especially from dairy products, might also be associated with risk and with circulating IGF-I, but it is not clear if amino acids play a role in these relationships. Moreover, investigations of circulating concentrations of metabolites might reveal novel risk factors for prostate cancer. This thesis investigates plasma concentrations of amino acids and other metabolites in relation to protein intake, IGF-I, and prostate cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
To characterise plasma metabolite profile in men consuming markedly different amounts and types of animal products (meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans), cross-sectional analyses of 392 men in the EPIC-Oxford sub-cohort were conducted. Of 21 amino acids, six varied significantly by diet group, and the metabolite profile of vegans was different from those of other diet groups owing to lower concentrations of several glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids.
In a case-control study nested within EPIC, with a mean follow-up time of seven years, the relationship of plasma metabolites with risk of prostate cancer overall, by time to diagnosis, by tumour characteristics, and with risk of prostate cancer death, was investigated. Data from 1,077 matched sets suggested that seven metabolites, from various classes, were associated with risk of prostate cancer overall (p 1SD = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.40-0.72). In multivariate analyses, including data from 1,593 matched sets, principal component analysis (PCA) and treelet transform (TT) were used to identify patterns in metabolite profile, five of which were associated with risk of more aggressive tumour sub-types (high grade, advanced and aggressive disease) and/or prostate cancer death. There was a ≈ 50% lower risk of advanced and high grade prostate cancer in men with metabolite profiles characterised by high glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids (for advanced ORTT, top vs bottom third = 0:48; 95%CI: 0:31-0:74), with similar results for high grade and PCA).
To investigate if associations between protein intake and circulating IGF-I may be mediated by plasma amino acid concentrations, cross-sectional analyses of amino acid concentrations with protein intake and IGF-I concentrations were carried out in 1,697 and 1,142 control participants, respectively, from the nested case-control study. Dairy protein intake was positively associated with concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and several other essential amino acids, while plant protein intake was strongly associated only with histidine. Serum IGF-I was positively associated with arginine and inversely with ornithine and certain amino acid ratios.
In conclusion, men with different dietary habits with respect to the consumption of protein types have different amino acid and metabolite profiles, and metabolite concentrations may be associated with risk of more high-risk prostate cancer sub-types (high grade, advanced and aggressive disease) and prostate cancer death. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine if metabolites play a role in aetiology or are markers of sub-clinical prostate cancer.</p
Observational and genetic associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a UK Biobank and international consortia study
No full textBackground
The association of fitness with cancer risk is not clear.
Methods
We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lung, colorectal, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer in a subset of UK Biobank participants who completed a submaximal fitness test in 2009-12 (N = 72,572). We also investigated relationships using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method.
Results
After a median of 11 years of follow-up, 4290 cancers of interest were diagnosed. A 3.5 ml O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 total-body mass increase in fitness (equivalent to 1 metabolic equivalent of task (MET), approximately 0.5 standard deviation (SD)) was associated with lower risks of endometrial (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.89), colorectal (0.94, 0.90–0.99), and breast cancer (0.96, 0.92–0.99). In MR analyses, a 0.5 SD increase in genetically predicted O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 fat-free mass was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98). After adjusting for adiposity, both the observational and genetic associations were attenuated.
Discussion
Higher fitness levels may reduce risks of endometrial, colorectal, and breast cancer, though relationships with adiposity are complex and may mediate these relationships. Increasing fitness, including via changes in body composition, may be an effective strategy for cancer prevention
Blood biomarker levels by total sleep duration: cross-sectional analyses in UK Biobank
No full textBackground: Short or long sleep duration has been associated with some major chronic diseases, but whether disease-related blood biomarkers vary according to habitual sleep duration is unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess blood biomarker levels in relation to total sleep duration.
Methods: The analysis includes 459,796 white British adults aged 40-69 during 2006-2010 in UK Biobank. At recruitment, blood samples and self-reported information on total sleep duration were collected from participants. A panel of blood biomarkers were measured. Using linear regression, we estimated geometric mean concentrations of blood biomarkers and mean ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 by sleep duration adjusted for sex, age at data collection, time of blood collection, and lifestyle covariates.
Results: Percentage differences in the concentrations of most biomarkers by sleep duration were modest. The largest differences were for C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory biomarker) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT, a liver function biomarker), and the differences were markedly attenuated after multivariable-adjustment. The multivariable-adjusted geometric means of CRP and of GGT were 14% and 14% higher in 9 hours vs 7-8 hours of sleep, respectively.
Conclusion: In white British adults, most blood biomarker levels varied only modestly with sleep duration and the remaining associations may be due to residual confounding
A Study of the Recidivism Rate of First Offenders at Louisiana Correctional and Industrial School Who Completed Vocational Training Through L.C.I.S./Sowela Institute
No full textT h e p i.i. r p 0 s e o f\u27 t h e s t \u27J. d y w a. •=• t o d e t e r rn i n & i t 1 n m a t e s r e 1 e a. s e d +\u27 r c\u3e rn i_ o u i s i a n a C o r r e c t i o n a. 1 a n d Industrial School who completed a v o c a t i o n a 1 t r a i n i n 9 p r 0 9 r a rn t h r 0 u. 9 h L • C • I • S ■ S 0 w e l a T e c h n i c a 1 I n s t i t u t 0 h a d a 1 o w e r r a t e o f 0 f r e c i d i v i s rn t h a n t h 0 s e w h 0 d i d n ot c 0 rn p 1 e t e t r a i ti i ti 9 j u. s i n 9 a 9 e a s a v a r i a b 1 e ■ The population for this study consisted of a r a n d o rn s a rn pie o f\u27 99 i n rn a t es r e 1 e a se d i n t o t h e 9 e n e r a 1 p o p u 1 a t i 0 n 0 f\u27 L o u. i s i a n a p r i o r t o 1 9 S 3- T h e s e s u b ,i ec t s o 1 a n t a r i 1 y c o rn p 1 e t e d oc a. t i o n a 1 t r a 1 n i n9 i n in e 1 d i. n 9 ? a u t o m e c h a n i c s ? o r t\u3c 0 d y a n d f e n d e r repair betweeri the years 1376-1982 • The control s a rn p 1 e c o ns i s t e d 0f 101 i n rn a tes selects d r a n d o rn 1 y + rom the tot a1 p r i so n p op u 1 a t i on at L • C ■ I • S ■ dur i n9 19,-b- and who were released into the general P o p u 1 a t i o n o t L o u. i s i a ti a p r i o r t o 1983. Three years were a 110wed f\u270r the reci d ivism period- R e c i d i v i s rn w a s 0 p e r a t i 0 n a 1 i z e d a s r e t u r n 1 n 9 t o p r i s 0 fi o r o b t a i n i ti 9 a n e w f e 1 o n y \u3e_ h a r 9 e ? v e r i f\u27 i e d fc\u3e y Loij. i s i a na Dep- a.r t rne r 11 of Correc t i o ns dat a. a. nd the FBI c 0 rn p u t e r s y s t e rn. C h i - s q u. a re t e s t s were p e r f\u27 0 r m e d t o deter rn i n e the re 1 a t i 0 n s h i. p b e t w e e n t r a i n i n 9 a n d r ec i d i v i srn , t he re 1 -at j r. nship be twee n a•?e a nd completing t r a i n i n y \u3e and between age at release and recidivism- T h e m e d i a n a 9 e o f\u27 t h e p o p u 1 a t1 o n w a s 2 4.3 9 years- The younger subgroup ranged in age + row ly y e a. r s t0 2 4 y e a r s ■ The aide r s u. b 9 r o u. p rn e rn b e r s w ere greater than 25 years old. Treatment alone was not significant in reducing recidivism- Of all prisoners c o m pie t i n 9 v o c a t i o n a 1 t r a i n i n 9 6 3.3 \u27\u3c w ere o 1 d e r t h a n 2 5 y e a r s • ft 9 e w a s s i 9 n i f i c a n t i n c o m p 1 e t i n 9 t r e a t m e n t 1.1.1 i t h a chi s q V. a re sc o r e o ft 3 • 3 3 ? a t t h e • ft 5 1 e v e 1 o f s i 9n i ft i ca nce• Age a t t i rne oft re 1 ea se wa s r e 1. a t o d to reduced recidivism. This variable was significant w i t h a ch i sq u.ar e va ]. ue of 5 • 3 5 . a t the • ft 2 1 e• e 1 oft s i9 n ift icanc e. Prison e r s ove r 25 y ears of a g e had a recidivism rate of £2*4 \u27. while those prisoners who w ere y ou. n9e r h a d a r ec i d i v 1 s m r a t e o ft 4ft ■ 2. • The combined effect of treatment and age was significant i n r e duc 1 n9 r ec i d i v ism, w i t h a chi- s q u. ar e v a 1 u. e o ft a t the ■ d 5 1 e e 1 o ft s i 9 n i ft 1 c a n c e
Tree loss impacts on ecological connectivity : Developing models for assessment
No full textJMJT, RCH and SCFP were funded by NERC (NE/J008001/1). RJM was funded by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) research program. This project also benefited from funding provided by the Woodland Trust (A13246). KW was supported with funding from the Forestry Commission.Peer reviewe
A collaborative analysis of individual participant data from 19 prospective studies assesses circulating vitamin D and prostate cancer risk
No full textCancer incidence in British vegetarians
No full textBackground:
Few prospective studies have examined cancer incidence among vegetarians.
Methods:
We studied 61 566 British men and women, comprising 32 403 meat eaters, 8562 non-meat eaters who did eat fish ('fish eaters') and 20 601 vegetarians. After an average follow-up of 12.2 years, there were 3350 incident cancers of which 2204 were among meat eaters, 317 among fish eaters and 829 among vegetarians. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by Cox regression, stratified by sex and recruitment protocol and adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity level and, for women only, parity and oral contraceptive use.
Results:
There was significant heterogeneity in cancer risk between groups for the following four cancer sites: stomach cancer, RRs (compared with meat eaters) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.07–1.20) in fish eaters and 0.36 (0.16–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; ovarian cancer, RRs of 0.37 (0.18–0.77) in fish eaters and 0.69 (0.45–1.07) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; bladder cancer, RRs of 0.81 (0.36–1.81) in fish eaters and 0.47 (0.25–0.89) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.05; and cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues, RRs of 0.85 (0.56–1.29) in fish eaters and 0.55 (0.39–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.002. The RRs for all malignant neoplasms were 0.82 (0.73–0.93) in fish eaters and 0.88 (0.81–0.96) in vegetarians (P for heterogeneity=0.001).
Conclusion:
The incidence of some cancers may be lower in fish eaters and vegetarians than in meat eaters
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