40 research outputs found
Factors associated with metachronous metastases and survival in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer
No full textBackground
Better understanding of the impact of metachronous metastases in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer may improve decision‐making. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing metachronous metastasis and its impact on survival in patients who have a beyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) operation.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who had bTME surgery for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer at a tertiary referral centre between January 2006 and December 2016. The primary outcome was overall survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. The influence of metachronous metastases on survival was investigated.
Results
Of 220 included patients, 171 were treated for locally advanced primary tumours and 49 for recurrent rectal cancer. Some 90·0 per cent had a complete resection with negative margins. Median follow‐up was 26·0 (range 1·5–119·6) months. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 71·1 per cent. Local recurrence and metachronous metastasis rates were 11·8 and 22·2 per cent respectively. Patients with metachronous metastases had a worse overall survival than patients without metastases (median 52·9 months versus estimated mean 109·4 months respectively; hazard ratio (HR) 6·73, 95 per cent c.i. 3·23 to 14·00). Advancing pT category (HR 2·01, 1·35 to 2·98), pN category (HR 2·43, 1·65 to 3·59), vascular invasion (HR 2·20, 1·22 to 3·97) and increasing numbers of positive lymph nodes (HR 1·19, 1·07 to 1·16) increased the risk of metachronous metastasis. Nine of 17 patients (53 per cent) with curatively treated synchronous metastases at presentation developed metachronous metastases, compared with 40 of 203 (19·7 per cent) without synchronous metastases (P = 0·002). Corresponding median length of disease‐free survival was 17·5 versus 90·8 months (P < 0·001).
Conclusion
As metachronous metastases impact negatively on survival after bTME surgery, factors associated with metachronous metastases may serve as selection tools when determining suitability for treatment with curative intent
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing adverse events and functional outcomes of different pouch designs after restorative proctocolectomy
No full textAim There is no consensus as to which ileoanal pouch design provides better outcomes after restorative proctocolectomy. This study compares different pouch designs. Method A systematic review of the literature was performed. A random effects meta-analytical model was used to compare adverse events and functional outcome. Results Thirty comparative studies comparing J, W, S and K pouch designs were included. No significant differences were identified between the different pouch designs with regard to anastomotic dehiscence, anastomotic stricture, pelvic sepsis, wound infection, pouch fistula, pouch ischaemia, perioperative haemorrhage, small bowel obstruction, pouchitis and sexual dysfunction. The W and K designs resulted in fewer cases of pouch failure compared with the J and S designs. J pouch construction resulted in a smaller maximum pouch volume compared with W and K pouches. Stool frequency per 24 h and during daytime was higher following a J pouch than W, S or K constructions. The J design resulted in increased faecal urgency and seepage during daytime compared with the K design. The use of protective pads during daytime and night-time was greater with a J pouch compared to S or K. The use of antidiarrhoeal medication was greater after a J reservoir than a W reservoir. Difficulty in pouch evacuation requiring intubation was higher with an S pouch than with W or J pouches. Conclusion Despite its ease of construction and comparable complication rates, the J pouch is associated with higher pouch failure rates and worse function. Patient characteristics, technical factors and surgical expertise should be considered when choosing pouch design
Abdominal versus perineal approach for external rectal prolapse: systematic review with meta-analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: External rectal prolapse (ERP) is a debilitating condition in which surgery plays an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of abdominal approaches (AA) and perineal approaches (PA) to ERP. METHODS: This was a PRISMA-compliant systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies published between 1990 and 2021 were retrieved. The primary endpoint was recurrence at the last available follow-up. Secondary endpoints included factors associated with recurrence and function. All studies were assessed for bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane tool. RESULTS: Fifteen studies involving 1611 patients (AA = 817; PA = 794) treated for ERP were included, three of which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 114 patients (AA = 54; PA = 60)). Duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 82 months. Recurrence in non-randomized studies was 7.7 per cent in AA versus 20.1 per cent in PA (odds ratio (OR) 0.29, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.17 to 0.50; P < 0.001, I2 = 45 per cent). In RCTs, there was no significant difference (9.8 per cent versus 16.3 per cent, AA versus PA (OR 0.82, 95 per cent c.i. 0.29 to 2.37; P = 0.72, I2 = 0.0 per cent)). Age at surgery and duration of follow-up were risk factors for recurrence. Following AA, the recurrence rates were 10.1 per cent and 6.2 per cent in patients aged 65 years and older and less than 65 years of age, respectively (effect size [e.s.] 7.7, 95 per cent c.i. 4.5 to 11.5). Following PA, rates were 27 per cent and 16.3 per cent (e.s. 20.1, 95 per cent c.i. 13 to 28.2). Extending follow-up to at least 40 months increased the likelihood of recurrence. The median duration of hospital stay was 4.9 days after PA versus 7.2 days after AA. Overall, incontinence was less likely after AA (OR 0.32), but constipation occurred more frequently (OR 1.68). Most studies were retrospective, and several outcomes from RCTs were not consistent with those observed in non-RCTs. CONCLUSION: The overall risk of recurrence of ERP appears to be higher with PA versus AA. Incontinence is less frequent after AA but at the cost of increased constipation. Age at surgery and duration of follow-up are associated with increased risk of recurrence, which warrants adequate reporting of future studies on this topic
A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing energy devices used in colorectal surgery
No full textBackground The aim of this study was to compare energy devices used for intraoperative hemostasis during colorectal surgery. Methods A systematic literature review and Bayesian network meta-analysis performed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Cochrane were searched from inception to August 11th 2021. Intraoperative outcomes were operative blood loss, operative time, conversion to open, conversion to another energy source. Postoperative outcomes were mortality, overall complications, minor complications and major complications, wound complications, postoperative ileus, anastomotic leak, time to first defecation, day 1 and 3 drainage volume, duration of hospital stay. Results Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, reporting on 680 participants, comparing conventional hemostasis, LigaSure (TM), Thunderbeat(R) and Harmonic(R). Harmonic(R) had fewer overall complications compared to conventional hemostasis. Operative blood loss was less with LigaSure (TM) (mean difference [MD] = 24.1 ml; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 46.54 to - 1.58 ml) or Harmonic(R) (MD = 24.6 ml; 95% CI - 42.4 to - 6.7 ml) compared to conventional techniques. Conventional hemostasis ranked worst for operative blood loss with high probability (p = 0.98). LigaSure (TM), Harmonic(R) or Thunderbeat(R) resulted in a significantly shorter mean operative time by 42.8 min (95% CI - 53.9 to - 31.5 min), 28.3 min (95% CI - 33.6 to - 22.6 min) and 26.1 min (95% CI - 46 to - 6 min), respectively compared to conventional electrosurgery. LigaSure (TM) resulted in a significantly shorter mean operative time than Harmonic(R) by 14.5 min (95% CI 1.9-27 min) and ranked first for operative time with high probability (p = 0.97). LigaSure (TM) and Harmonic(R) resulted in a significantly shorter mean duration of hospital stay compared to conventional electrosurgery of 1.3 days (95% CI - 2.2 to - 0.4) and 0.5 days (95% CI - 1 to - 0.1), respectively. LigaSure (TM) ranked as best for hospital stay with high probability (p = 0.97). Conventional hemostasis was associated with more wound complications than Harmonic(R) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; CI 0.08-0.92). Harmonic(R) ranked best with highest probability (p = 0.99) for wound complications. No significant differences between energy devices were identified for the remaining outcomes. Conclusions LigaSure (TM), Thunderbeat(R) and Harmonic(R) may be advantageous for reducing operative blood loss, operative time, overall complications, wound complications, and duration of hospital stay compared to conventional techniques. The energy devices result in comparable perioperative outcomes and no device is superior overall. However, included RCTs were limited in number and size, and data were not available to compare all energy devices for all outcomes of interest
The role of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence after curative rectal cancer surgery on patients who are histologically node negative after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
No full textAIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether adjuvant chemotherapy will affect recurrence rates, disease free and overall survival in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who were staged with MRI node positive disease (mrN+) preoperatively and underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with curative rectal cancer surgery and their pathological staging was negative for nodal disease (ypN0). There is no consensus on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients. METHOD: Patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and underwent curative rectal cancer surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma staged as [mrTxN+M0] on MRI staging and on pathological staging were found to be [ypTxN0M0] were retrospectively identified from 01/2008-12/2012 from two tertiary referral centers (Royal Marsden Hospital and Saint-Andre Hospital). RESULTS: 163 patients were recruited and after propensity matching at a ratio of 2:1 n=80 patients were divided into adjuvant (n=28) and no adjuvant treatment (n=52) respectively. A comparison of adjuvant chemotherapy vs no adjuvant therapy showed that the mean overall survival was 2.67 vs 3.60 years (p=0.42), disease free survival was 2.27 vs 3.32 years (p=0.14). CONCLUSION: This study found no significant difference in survival or disease recurrence between patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and patients who did not. There is no clear evidence to support or dismiss the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who have been node positive on pre-operative MRI and node negative on histopathological staging. Further multicenter prospective randomised trials are needed to identify the appropriate treatment regime for this group of patients
The use of an evidence based approach to guide optimal surgical management of colorectal liver metastases
No full textThe aim of this thesis was to validate the optimal surgical management of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) by using an evidence based approach. A meta-analysis comparing combined and sequential resection for synchronous CLM demonstrated that combined resection is associated with reduced hospital stay and with comparable perioperative mortality and morbidity, operative blood loss, and survival rates as sequential resection. Nevertheless, combined resection was associated with lower metastatic disease severity compared to sequential resection. A meta-analysis assessed liver resection for CLM in the presence of hepatic lymph node involvement and demonstrated that survival rates are lower in node positive disease patients compared to node negative disease patients, irrespective of whether the positive disease nodes were detected by routine or selective lymphadenectomy, or whether nodal involvement was microscopic or macroscopic. A network meta-analysis comparing different treatment strategies aiming to decrease operative blood loss found no difference in mortality, length of hospital stay or ITU stay between the treatment strategies. The use of radiofrequency dissecting sealer resulted in more serious adverse events compared to the clamp-crush method in the absence of vascular occlusion and fibrin sealant. Simple methods, such as clamp-crush method, gave overall equivalent outcomes to methods which require special equipment. Not reporting the period of follow-up was investigated as a potential source of study bias. Overall analysis did not identify a significant difference in mortality and disease recurrence, but sensitivity analysis of more recent reviews and larger reviews showed that the trials reporting the period of follow-up had a significantly lower hazard ratio for disease recurrence compared to trials not reporting the period of follow-up. A network meta-analysis comparing interventions aiming to decrease ischaemia-reperfusion injury during liver resection, demonstrated that ischaemic preconditioning resulted in fewer serious adverse events, lower operative blood loss, fewer transfusion proportions, and shorter operative time
Social media and colorectal cancer: A systematic review of available resources
No full textAim
Social media (SM) can provide information and medical knowledge to patients. Our aim was to review the literature and web-based content on SM that is used by Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients, as well as surgeons’ interaction with SM.
Method
Studies published between 2006 and 2016 were assessed. We also assessed the impact of several hashtags on Twitter with a freeware (Symplur).
Results
Nine studies were included assessing Twitter (78%), Forums/Cancer-survivor networks (33%), and Facebook (22%). Aims included use of SM by CRC patients (67%), cancer-specific usage of SM with different types of cancer (44%), content credibility (33%), and influence in CRC awareness (33%). Prevention was the most common information that CRC patients looked for, followed by treatment side-effects. Only 2% of CRC SM users are doctors. SM use by colorectal consultants was suboptimal. Only 38% of surgeons had a LinkedIn account (most with less than 50 connections), and 3% used Twitter. A steep increase of tweets was observed for searched Hashtags over time, which was more marked for #ColonCancer (+67%vs+38%, #Coloncancer vs #RectalCancer). Participants engaged with colon cancer increased by 85%, whereas rectal cancer ones increased by 29%. The hashtag ‘#RectalCancer’ was mostly tweeted by colorectal surgeons. The official twitter account of American Society of Colorectal Surgeons (@fascrs_updates) was the most active account.
Conclusion
CRC patients and relatives are increasingly engaging with SM. CRC surgeons’ participation is poor, but we confirm a trend toward a greater involvement. Most SM lack of authoritative validation and the quality of shared content still is largely anecdotic and not scientifically evidenced-based. However, SM may offer several advantages over conventional information sharing sources for CRC patients and surgeons, and create connections with mutual enrichment
Otro título: Cantos a la caída de Luzbel
No full textManuscrito presentado al certamen de obras de Poesía de 1785 cuyo tema era "Cantos a la caída de Luzbel", con el lema en p. 2: "Ascendam in coelum, super astra Dei exaltabo solium meum: simillis ero Altissimo". Contiene además otras tres citas en p. 2. Notas en p. 54-55. Obra seleccionada para examen.Escuchad, Pecadores, abatidos / del peso de las culpas formidable,.... ...aceptala benevolo, que en tanto / tambien daras espiritu a mi Canto. Canté.Al final del texto en p. 53 consta: "O. S. C. S. R. E. H. S."Paginación original; bifolios encartados y cosidos; en bl. p. [1
Suture choice to reduce occurrence of surgical site infection, hernia, wound dehiscence and sinus/fistula: a network meta-analysis
No full text
