15 research outputs found
Design and Evaluation of Domain-Specific Platforms and the Special Case of Digital Healthcare
No full textThe implementation of digital innovations in the healthcare sector is faced with different barriers and challenges. The complex system of regulations, the lack of interoperability, and highly dynamic interorganisational networks lead to missing widespread adoption of eHealth solutions. Digital platforms can help to overcome these barriers by providing a holistic infrastructure. They create a modularised foundation that innovators can use to create own innovations and provide them to demanders of digital solutions. As intermediaries, they can be accessed both by healthcare professionals and eHealth solution providers. Providers can offer their eHealth services via the platform. Healthcare professionals can use these services to create own interorganisational information systems.
In the field of information systems research, effects and strategies for two-sided platforms are well researched and the potentials of eHealth platforms are also discussed. However, the organisational and technological design and methods for the construction of platforms are fewer questioned. Nonetheless, platform owners can benefit from implementation strategies and architectural guidance to create sustainable platforms and surrounding ecosystems.
This doctoral thesis questions how domain-specific platforms can be designed systematically. Conducting a design-science research process, it develops both a modelling system and the Dresden Ecosystem Management Method (DREEM) to support the development of platforms in different domains. Furthermore, it describes the design characteristics of two-sided platforms in the healthcare sector and provides an evaluation approach to analyse the platforms’ ability to create a viable innovation ecosystem in the healthcare sector.
The doctoral thesis contributes by providing methodical guidance for platform owners and researchers to design and evaluate digital platforms in different domains and improves the understanding of platform theory in the healthcare sector.:A. Synopsis of the Doctoral Thesis
1. Introduction
2. Foundational Considerations
3. Requirements for Design Artefacts and Knowledge
4. Structure of the Doctoral Thesis
5. Conclusion
B. Paper 1 - Governance Guidelines for Digital Healthcare Ecosystems
C. Paper 2 - Revise your eHealth Platform!
D. Paper 3 - Business Model Open ”E-Health-Platform”
E. Paper 4 - Modelling Ecosystems in Information Systems
F. Paper 5 - Designing Industrial Symbiosis Platforms
G. Paper 6 - Management of Digital Ecosystems with DREEM
H. Paper 7 - Guiding the Development of Digital Ecosystems
I. Paper 8 - Towards Maintenance Analytics Ecosystems
J. Paper 9- Sustainability of E-Health-Projects
K. Paper 10 - ISO 11354-2 for the Evaluation of eHealth-Platform
Integrated Clinical Pathways: A Model-based Holistic Method
No full textAgainst the background of increasing multidisciplinarity as well as the focus on quality, transparency and economic efficiency of medical services, clinical pathways (CPs) have been established as a promising tool at the organizational level in recent years. They are primarily intended to ensure an adequate description of the care processes and to manage the balance between best treatment practice and economic viability. CPs standardize the internal care services by explicating the institution-specific knowledge with regard to recommendations for action, service portfolio, organizational structures, infrastructure, etc. of a specific service provider.
The development of hospital information systems (HIS) has so far been characterized by an evolutionary development of modules in the field of laboratory, radiology, nursing and picture archiving systems as well as in the area of administrative systems. As one result of this development, the HIS usually comprises a heterogeneous network of software systems of different types and manufacturers. However, the actual control of patients by means of evidence-based processes and integration of CPs into HIS was not addressed until the recent years, when HIS manufacturers started developing modules for CP modeling and workflow support.
The objective of this thesis is to provide a holistic methodical support for the description of clinical pathways and their integration into a hospital information system to finally improve the compliance of daily care to standard process definitions. Therefore, conceptual models provide an adequate mean to describe and communicate complex matters in a comprehensible form as well as to configure IT systems due to their semi-formal nature.
Hence, a first research thread investigates the question, how clinical pathways can be described adequately using conceptual models. This results in an iterative design of adequate modeling languages for clinical pathways. A second research thread further investigates the question, how conceptual models of clinical pathways can be used to configure process-oriented application systems in health care. This thread therefore describes the design of a model-based method, that enables a consecutive transformation of CPs into technical (workflow) specifications, based on the principles of the Model-Driven Architecture.:A. Synopsis of the Doctoral Dissertation
B. Agility in Medical Treatment Processes
C. Domain Specific Modeling Language - CPmod
D. BPMN4CP - Version 1.0
E. BPMN4CP - Version 2.0
F. BPMN4CP - Version 2.1
G. MDA in Health Care IS Development
H. Transforming Clinical Pathways into Care Workflows
I. CDA Templates - Utilizing the MediCUB
Data Science and Analytics in Industrial Maintenance: Selection, Evaluation, and Application of Data-Driven Methods
No full textData-driven maintenance bears the potential to realize various benefits based on multifaceted data assets generated in increasingly digitized industrial environments. By taking advantage of modern methods and technologies from the field of data science and analytics (DSA), it is possible, for example, to gain a better understanding of complex technical processes and to anticipate impending machine faults and failures at an early stage. However, successful implementation of DSA projects requires multidisciplinary expertise, which can rarely be covered by individual employees or single units within an organization. This expertise covers, for example, a solid understanding of the domain, analytical method and modeling skills, experience in dealing with different source systems and data structures, and the ability to transfer suitable solution approaches into information systems. Against this background, various approaches have emerged in recent years to make the implementation of DSA projects more accessible to broader user groups. These include structured procedure models, systematization and modeling frameworks, domain-specific benchmark studies to illustrate best practices, standardized DSA software solutions, and intelligent assistance systems.
The present thesis ties in with previous efforts and provides further contributions for their continuation. More specifically, it aims to create supportive artifacts for the selection, evaluation, and application of data-driven methods in the field of industrial maintenance. For this purpose, the thesis covers four artifacts, which were developed in several publications. These artifacts include (i) a comprehensive systematization framework for the description of central properties of recurring data analysis problems in the field of industrial maintenance, (ii) a text-based assistance system that offers advice regarding the most suitable class of analysis methods based on natural language and domain-specific problem descriptions, (iii) a taxonomic evaluation framework for the systematic assessment of data-driven methods under varying conditions, and (iv) a novel solution approach for the development of prognostic decision models in cases of missing label information.
Individual research objectives guide the construction of the artifacts as part of a systematic research design. The findings are presented in a structured manner by summarizing the results of the corresponding publications. Moreover, the connections between the developed artifacts as well as related work are discussed. Subsequently, a critical reflection is offered concerning the generalization and transferability of the achieved results. Thus, the thesis not only provides a contribution based on the proposed artifacts; it also paves the way for future opportunities, for which a detailed research agenda is outlined.:List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Conceptual Background
1.3 Related Work
1.4 Research Design
1.5 Structure of the Thesis
2 Systematization of the Field
2.1 The Current State of Research
2.2 Systematization Framework
2.3 Exemplary Framework Application
3 Intelligent Assistance System for Automated Method Selection
3.1 Elicitation of Requirements
3.2 Design Principles and Design Features
3.3 Prototypical Instantiation and Evaluation
4 Taxonomic Framework for Method Evaluation
4.1 Survey of Prognostic Solutions
4.2 Taxonomic Evaluation Framework
4.3 Exemplary Framework Application
5 Method Application Under Industrial Conditions
5.1 Conceptualization of a Solution Approach
5.2 Prototypical Implementation and Evaluation
6 Discussion of the Results
6.1 Connections Between Developed Artifacts and Related Work
6.2 Generalization and Transferability of the Results
7 Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Appendix I: Implementation Details
Appendix II: List of Publications
A Publication P1: Focus Area Systematization
B Publication P2: Focus Area Method Selection
C Publication P3: Focus Area Method Selection
D Publication P4: Focus Area Method Evaluation
E Publication P5: Focus Area Method ApplicationDatengetriebene Instandhaltung birgt das Potential, aus den in Industrieumgebungen vielfältig anfallenden Datensammlungen unterschiedliche Nutzeneffekte zu erzielen. Unter Verwendung von modernen Methoden und Technologien aus dem Bereich Data Science und Analytics (DSA) ist es beispielsweise möglich, das Verhalten komplexer technischer Prozesse besser nachzuvollziehen oder bevorstehende Maschinenausfälle und Fehler frühzeitig zu erkennen. Eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von DSA-Projekten erfordert jedoch multidisziplinäres Expertenwissen, welches sich nur selten von einzelnen Personen bzw. Einheiten innerhalb einer Organisation abdecken lässt. Dies umfasst beispielsweise ein fundiertes Domänenverständnis, Kenntnisse über zahlreiche Analysemethoden, Erfahrungen im Umgang mit verschiedenen Quellsystemen und Datenstrukturen sowie die Fähigkeit, geeignete Lösungsansätze in Informationssysteme zu überführen. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben sich in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Ansätze herausgebildet, um die Durchführung von DSA-Projekten für breitere Anwendergruppen zugänglich zu machen. Dazu gehören strukturierte Vorgehensmodelle, Systematisierungs- und Modellierungsframeworks, domänenspezifische Benchmark-Studien zur Veranschaulichung von Best Practices, Standardlösungen für DSA-Software und intelligente Assistenzsysteme.
An diese Arbeiten knüpft die vorliegende Dissertation an und liefert weitere Artefakte, um insbesondere die Selektion, Evaluation und Anwendung datengetriebener Methoden im Bereich der industriellen Instandhaltung zu unterstützen. Insgesamt erstreckt sich die Abhandlung auf vier Artefakte, die in einzelnen Publikationen erarbeitet wurden. Dies umfasst (i) ein umfangreiches Systematisierungsframework zur Beschreibung zentraler Ausprägungen wiederkehrender Datenanalyseprobleme im Bereich der industriellen Instandhaltung, (ii) ein textbasiertes Assistenzsystem, welches ausgehend von natürlichsprachlichen und domänenspezifischen Problembeschreibungen eine geeignete Klasse von Analysemethoden vorschlägt, (iii) ein taxonomisches Evaluationsframework zur systematischen Bewertung von datengetriebenen Methoden unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen sowie (iv) einen neuartigen Lösungsansatz zur Entwicklung von prognostischen Entscheidungsmodellen im Fall von eingeschränkter Informationslage.
Die Konstruktion der Artefakte wird durch einzelne Forschungsziele im Rahmen eines systematischen Forschungsdesigns angeleitet. Neben der Darstellung der einzelnen Forschungsbeiträge unter Bezugnahme auf die erzielten Ergebnisse der dazugehörigen Publikationen werden auch die Verbindungen zwischen den entwickelten Artefakten beleuchtet und Zusammenhänge zu angrenzenden Arbeiten hergestellt. Zudem erfolgt eine kritische Reflektion der Ergebnisse hinsichtlich ihrer Verallgemeinerung und Übertragung auf andere Rahmenbedingungen. Dadurch liefert die vorliegende Abhandlung nicht nur einen Beitrag anhand der erzeugten Artefakte, sondern ebnet auch den Weg für fortführende Forschungsarbeiten, wofür eine detaillierte Forschungsagenda erarbeitet wird.:List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Conceptual Background
1.3 Related Work
1.4 Research Design
1.5 Structure of the Thesis
2 Systematization of the Field
2.1 The Current State of Research
2.2 Systematization Framework
2.3 Exemplary Framework Application
3 Intelligent Assistance System for Automated Method Selection
3.1 Elicitation of Requirements
3.2 Design Principles and Design Features
3.3 Prototypical Instantiation and Evaluation
4 Taxonomic Framework for Method Evaluation
4.1 Survey of Prognostic Solutions
4.2 Taxonomic Evaluation Framework
4.3 Exemplary Framework Application
5 Method Application Under Industrial Conditions
5.1 Conceptualization of a Solution Approach
5.2 Prototypical Implementation and Evaluation
6 Discussion of the Results
6.1 Connections Between Developed Artifacts and Related Work
6.2 Generalization and Transferability of the Results
7 Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Appendix I: Implementation Details
Appendix II: List of Publications
A Publication P1: Focus Area Systematization
B Publication P2: Focus Area Method Selection
C Publication P3: Focus Area Method Selection
D Publication P4: Focus Area Method Evaluation
E Publication P5: Focus Area Method Applicatio
Scientists' self-presentation on the Internet
No full textThe doctoral thesis studied the behaviour of scientists on Internet profiles. The scientific community is founded on communication. The advance of research, the evaluation of research results, the reputation of individual scientists - all rest on constant interaction among the community members. The Internet, as a flexible channel for world-wide communication, has a considerable potential for the scientific community. Besides often discussed consequences for scientific publishing, the Internet also offers new opportunities for self-presentation of scientists. In this thesis, the online presence of scientists was studied with a 'positive lens', concentrating on how the Internet can be used to enhance scientists' individual self-presentation.
The doctoral thesis consists of five essays: an overview and four essays documenting separate research projects. The research was founded on the radical constructivist understanding of reality. It was classified as connected to three areas: research on science communication, research on digital identity, and research on generation of online content. Viewing the existing literature in these areas, three focal points were identified, which informed and guided the formulation of research aims and the implementation of research projects: focus on Internet self-presentation, assumption of strategic importance, and need for a holistic view. The aims of the thesis were (A) to develop a holistic understanding of scientists' Internet presence, (B) to study behavioural patterns on scientists' Internet profiles, and (C) to develop an instrument to support the development and management of scientists' Internet self-presentation. Based on these aims, four research projects were carried out. Each project pursued own research questions or objectives using suitable methods, yet all contributed to the overall aims of the thesis. Thus the thesis presents conceptual, empirical, and applied findings resulting from a multi-method approach and contributing both to research on Internet self-presentation as well as to practice in the management of online presence.:1 Introduction
2 Theoretical foundation
3 Research areas
4 Research aims and questions
5 Methods
6 Findings
7 Conclusions
References
Essay 1: Bukvova, H. (2011). Scientists online: A framework for the
analysis of Internet profiles. First Monday, 16(10).
Essay 2: Bukvova, H. (2012). A holistic approach to the analysis of online profiles. Internet Research, 22(3).
Essay 3: Bukvova, H. (2011). Information demand on scientists’ Internet profiles. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 11(173).
Essay 4: Bukvova, H. (2011). Online Impression Management for Scientists. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 11(140)
Parallel Hierarchies: Interactive Visualization of Multidimensional Hierarchical Aggregates
No full textExploring multi-dimensional hierarchical data is a long-standing problem present in a wide range of fields such as bioinformatics, software systems, social sciences and business intelligence. While each hierarchical dimension within these data structures can be explored in isolation, critical information lies in the relationships between dimensions. Existing approaches can either simultaneously visualize multiple non-hierarchical dimensions, or only one or two hierarchical dimensions. Yet, the challenge of visualizing multi-dimensional hierarchical data remains open.
To address this problem, we developed a novel data visualization approach -- Parallel Hierarchies -- that we demonstrate on a real-life SAP SE product called SAP Product Lifecycle Costing. The starting point of the research is a thorough customer-driven requirement engineering phase including an iterative design process. To avoid restricting ourselves to a domain-specific solution, we abstract the data and tasks gathered from users, and demonstrate the approach generality by applying Parallel Hierarchies to datasets from bioinformatics and social sciences. Moreover, we report on a qualitative user study conducted in an industrial scenario with 15 experts from 9 different companies. As a result of this co-innovation experience, several SAP customers requested a product feature out of our solution. Moreover, Parallel Hierarchies integration as a standard diagram type into SAP Analytics Cloud platform is in progress.
This thesis further introduces different uncertainty representation methods applicable to Parallel Hierarchies and in general to flow diagrams. We also present a visual comparison taxonomy for time-series of hierarchically structured data with one or multiple dimensions. Moreover, we propose several visual solutions for comparing hierarchies employing flow diagrams.
Finally, after presenting two application examples of Parallel Hierarchies on industrial datasets, we detail two validation methods to examine the effectiveness of the visualization solution. Particularly, we introduce a novel design validation table to assess the perceptual aspects of eight different visualization solutions including Parallel Hierarchies.:1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation and Problem Statement
1.2 Research Goals
1.3 Outline and Contributions
2 Foundations of Visualization
2.1 Information Visualization
2.1.1 Terms and Definition
2.1.2 What: Data Structures
2.1.3 Why: Visualization Tasks
2.1.4 How: Visualization Techniques
2.1.5 How: Interaction Techniques
2.2 Visual Perception
2.2.1 Visual Variables
2.2.2 Attributes of Preattentive and Attentive Processing
2.2.3 Gestalt Principles
2.3 Flow Diagrams
2.3.1 Classifications of Flow Diagrams
2.3.2 Main Visual Features
2.4 Summary
3 Related Work
3.1 Cross-tabulating Hierarchical Categories
3.1.1 Visualizing Categorical Aggregates of Item Sets
3.1.2 Hierarchical Visualization of Categorical Aggregates
3.1.3 Visualizing Item Sets and Their Hierarchical Properties
3.1.4 Hierarchical Visualization of Categorical Set Aggregates
3.2 Uncertainty Visualization
3.2.1 Uncertainty Taxonomies
3.2.2 Uncertainty in Flow Diagrams
3.3 Time-Series Data Visualization
3.3.1 Time & Data
3.3.2 User Tasks
3.3.3 Visual Representation
3.4 Summary
ii Contents
4 Requirement Engineering Phase
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Environment
4.2.1 The Product
4.2.2 The Customers and Development Methodology
4.2.3 Lessons Learned
4.3 Visualization Requirements for Product Costing
4.3.1 Current Visualization Practice
4.3.2 Visualization Tasks
4.3.3 Data Structure and Size
4.3.4 Early Visualization Prototypes
4.3.5 Challenges and Lessons Learned
4.4 Data and Task Abstraction
4.4.1 Data Abstraction
4.4.2 Task Abstraction
4.5 Summary and Outlook
5 Parallel Hierarchies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Parallel Hierarchies Technique
5.2.1 The Individual Axis: Showing Hierarchical Categories
5.2.2 Two Interlinked Axes: Showing Pairwise Frequencies
5.2.3 Multiple Linked Axes: Propagating Frequencies
5.2.4 Fine-tuning Parallel Hierarchies through Reordering
5.3 Design Choices
5.4 Applying Parallel Hierarchies
5.4.1 US Census Data
5.4.2 Yeast Gene Ontology Annotations
5.5 Evaluation
5.5.1 Setup of the Evaluation
5.5.2 Procedure of the Evaluation
5.5.3 Results from the Evaluation
5.5.4 Validity of the Evaluation
5.6 Summary and Outlook
6 Visualizing Uncertainty in Flow Diagrams
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Uncertainty in Product Costing
6.2.1 Background
6.2.2 Main Causes of Bad Quality in Costing Data
6.3 Visualization Concepts
6.4 Uncertainty Visualization using Ribbons
6.4.1 Selected Visualization Techniques
6.4.2 Study Design and Procedure
6.4.3 Results
6.4.4 Discussion
6.5 Revised Visualization Approach using Ribbons
6.5.1 Application to Sankey Diagram
6.5.2 Application to Parallel Sets
6.5.3 Application to Parallel Hierarchies
6.6 Uncertainty Visualization using Nodes
6.6.1 Visual Design of Nodes
6.6.2 Expert Evaluation
6.7 Summary and Outlook
7 Visual Comparison Task
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Comparing Two One-dimensional Time Steps
7.2.1 Problem Statement
7.2.2 Visualization Design
7.3 Comparing Two N-dimensional Time Steps
7.4 Comparing Several One-dimensional Time Steps
7.5 Summary and Outlook
8 Parallel Hierarchies in Practice
8.1 Application to Plausibility Check Task
8.1.1 Plausibility Check Process
8.1.2 Visual Exploration of Machine Learning Results
8.2 Integration into SAP Analytics Cloud
8.2.1 SAP Analytics Cloud
8.2.2 Ocean to Table Project
8.3 Summary and Outlook
9 Validation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nested Model Validation Approach
9.3 Perceptual Validation of Visualization Techniques
9.3.1 Design Validation Table
9.3.2 Discussion
9.4 Summary and Outlook
10 Conclusion and Outlook
10.1 Summary of Findings
10.2 Discussion
10.3 Outlook
A Questionnaires of the Evaluation
B Survey of the Quality of Product Costing Data
C Questionnaire of Current Practice
Bibliograph
EU Company Taxation in Case of a Common Tax Base: A Computer-based Calculation and Comparison Using the Enhanced Model of the European Tax Analyzer
No full textWithin the EU the relation between financial and tax accounting will be significantly influenced by the regulation adopted in June 2002 that obliges all listed companies to prepare their consolidated accounts according to International Accounting Standards / International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS). Since dependency of financial and tax accounting according to different degrees prevails in all EU member states a linkage between IAS/IFRS and tax accounting seems to be possible. Compared to national GAAP the advantage of IAS/IFRS as a starting point for tax accounting derives from the advantages of the creation of a common tax base in the EU. However, the adoption of IAS/IFRS has to be restricted to those standards that are convenient for tax purposes. In particular, this means that tax accounting still has to follow the realisation principle as a general principle; the IAS/IFRS ?fair value-accounting? therefore cannot be adopted for tax purposes. In this paper we present estimates for the consequences of IAS/IFRS-based tax accounting on the comparative effective tax burdens of companies in 13 countries (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, and the USA). Therefore, certain provisions of IAS/IFRS were considered as a starting point for the tax base. The effective tax burdens are calculated on the basis of the European Tax Analyzer model which was enhanced for the purposes of this study. A further question arises as to what extent an exclusive harmonisation of the tax base will effectively reduce the current EU-wide differences of effective company tax burdens. It turns out that a common tax base cannot alleviate the current EU-wide differences of effective company tax burdens. A major finding of our study reveals that the effective tax burdens in all countries considered here (except Ireland) tend to increase slightly since the tax bases tend to become broader. This offers the possibility to member states to reduce the nominal tax rate leaving the overall effective tax burden unchanged. A tax policy of tax cut cum base broadening would not only tend to increase the attractiveness of the member states as a location for companies. At the same time, this would reduce dispersions of effective tax burdens across industries. Therefore, such a tax policy is in line of the long term Community goals to become more competitive in international terms. --International Company Taxation,Effective Tax Burden,Tax Accounting,International Accounting Standards
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of Stereochemically Homogeneous 2-Acyl-3- sulfonyl-1,3-oxazolidines and Diastereoselective Grignard Additions to Form Protected Enantiopure 2-Hydroxyalkanals.
No full textWissenschaftliche Dokumente mit domänenspezifischen Inhalten: Entwicklung eines allgemeinen Modells für wissenschaftliche Dokumente umgesetzt als browserbasierter Editor
No full textAktuelle Textverarbeitungsprogramme haben gerade bei der Erstellung von
wissenschaftlichen Dokumenten große Defizite, da dort oft formale Modelle,
wie z.B. Chemie-Moleküle, aus dem jeweiligen Fachgebiet (Domäne) benutzt werden müssen.
Heutige Systeme können mit diesen Modellen nicht direkt interagieren,
was oft zu Inkonsistenzen im Dokument führt.
In dieser Arbeit wird der Prototyp eines Dokumenteditors entwickelt,
welcher domänenspezifische Dokumentelemente einführt,
und so formale Modelle direkt bei der Bearbeitung des Dokuments verwendbar macht.
Die Dokumentelemente (z.B. Absätze, Abbildungen etc.) können auch domänenspezifische Inhalte
repräsentieren, z.B. ein Molekül.
Wenn ein Dokumentelement auf ein anderes verweist,
kann direkt auf Attribute des darunterliegenden Modells zugegriffen werden;
bspw. auf den Namen eines Moleküls.
Der Prototyp beweist seine Praxistauglichkeit anhand von vier konkreten Anwendungsfällen.
Aus dem Prototyp ist eine allgemeine Theorie über den inneren Aufbau von Dokumenten entwickelt
worden und tangiert die Bereiche (Meta-)Modellierung, Projektionseditoren, Semiotik und Taxonomie.
Es gibt vielfältige Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten, wie Ausbau zur Open Access Platform mit
erweiterten Autorenfunktionen, Zentrale für Format-Transformationen oder Literate Programming IDE.In German Languag
