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Oral History Interview with Daniel Clark, June 24, 2004
No full textThe National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Daniel Clark. Clark was born in Morocco, Indiana on 26 June 1916. After graduating from high school in 1934, he worked on the farm until being drafted into the US Army in March 1942. Upon induction, he was sent to Camp Claiborne, Louisiana for six months of basic training. He was then sent to Ft. Bragg, North Carolina where he joined the 82nd Airborne Division’s glider section and was assigned to the 325th Glider Infantry, 2nd Battalion, Company F. Upon completion of training the unit boarded the SS Santa Rosa for a twelve day trip to Casa Blanca, North Africa. His narrative is a well told tale of his participation in Operation Overlord, Operation Market Garden and the Battle of the Bulge and of the horrific scene found when the unit liberated the Wobbelin Concentration Camp on 5 May 1945
Caridina ebuneus Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina ebuneus sp. nov. (Figs. 18, 19) Material examined. Holotype: ♀ ovig. Ivory Coast Vicinity Abengourou; 2.1949, coll. B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire., RMNH D 19459. Paratypes: ORSTOM, sta. KAN, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6161, 11♂, 1♀ ovig., 5♀; 3.1949, coll. B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire., RMNH D 19459, 7♂, 3♀ ovig., 2♀; Gagnoa, 6°04'N 5°55'W, 1954, coll. E. Binder, pres. Mus. Hist. Nat. Genève. RMNH D 11694, 2F; Yapo near Agboville, 10.1946, coll. M. De Keyser, pres. Inst. Franç Afr. Noire, RMNH D 19460, 1♂, 2♀ ovig. Description. Total length: 20–35 mm. Carapace length: 3.5–4 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 18a, b, c): slightly longer than antennular peduncle or equal to antennal scale, rarely shorter than peduncle. 3–4 mm in length. 0.7–0.9 × long as carapace. 16–24 (mostly 16–20), teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.3–0.4 of length distally unarmed, unarmed margin occasionally interrupted by 1–2 teeth. 1–3 (usually 2–3) post-orbital teeth. 5–16 (mostly 8–13) teeth on ventral arranged from proximal end almost to tip. Tip bifid or acute. Formula (1–3) 16–24/5–16 mostly (2–3) 16–20/8–13. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 18d): 0.6–0.7 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.7–0.9 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.2–0.3 × second segment. 5–7 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 19a): dactylus 1–1.3 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.1–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 2–2.5 × long as broad, anterior excavation deep. Second pereiopod (Fig. 19b): dactylus1.1–1.3 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 4–5 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 19c, d): dactylus 3–3.5 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 8–12 (including terminal spines), mostly 9–10. Propodus 3.5–4 × long as dactylus and 11–12 × long as broad with 8–12 spines arranged along posterior margin. Carpus 0.55–0.7 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 1.9–2.3 × carpus length. Merus with 3 large spines and several fine setae on posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 19e, f): dactylus 5.5–6.5 × long as broad with 60–70 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 13.0–14.5 × long as broad and 2.5–3.0 × long as dactylus with 10–15 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.45–0.60 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.4–1.7 × carpus length, with 1 spine at posterior margin. Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods. First male pleopod (Fig. 19g, h): endopod 0.3–0.4 × exopod length. Appendix interna absent. First female pleopod (Fig. 19i): endopod 0.35–0.45 × long as exopod. Eggs (Fig. 19j): 55–60, 0.75–0.9 × 0.4–0.5 mm in size. Second male pleopod (Fig. 19k, l): appendix masculina 1–1.2 × appendix interna. 0.2–0.25 × endopod. Sixth abdominal somite: 0.70–0.75 × long as carapace. Telson (Fig. 19m, n): 1.0–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. Dorsal spines 3 or 4 pairs (including subterminal spine). 1 pair of plain, short lateral spines and 3 or 4 pairs of stalked plumose process present on posterior margin. Uropod (Fig. 19o, p): 6–10 (mostly 7–8) diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig.19q): with spine. Remarks. Caridina ebuneus sp. nov. is similar to C. africana in the arrangement of teeth on the rostrum, arranged from the proximal end of the dorsal margin leaving the distal margin unarmed, with the teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum arranged from the proximal end of the ventral margin almost to the tip, and with the tip of the rostrum being bifid or pointed. It is different from C. africana in possessing fewer uropod diaeresis spinules and in possessing long plumose processes on the posterior margin of the telson. Caridina ebuneus sp. nov. is similar to C. togoensis in possessing stalked plumose processes on the posterior margin of the telson. However, C. ebuneus differs distinctly from C. togoensis in the arrangement of teeth on the rostrum (with a dorsal distal unarmed margin) with a bifid or pointed tip, teeth on ventral margin of the rostrum always arranged up to the tip, in possessing shorter appendix masculina and in having 50– 60 eggs of comparatively smaller size (0.7–0.9 × 0–0.4– 0.5mm). Caridina ebuneus sp. nov. is similar to C. ghanensis in possessing a relatively short appendix masculina. However, the appendix masculina is slightly longer than the appendix interna in C. ebuneus sp. nov. while in C. ghanensis, the appendix masculina may be shorter to slightly longer than the appendix interna. Caridina ebuneus sp. nov. differs C. ghanensis in having 5–16 teeth arranged from the proximal end to tip on the ventral margin of rostrum and having 55– 60 eggs. Etymology. The name, ebuneus, is derived from the Latin for ivory, alluding to the Ivory Coast, where all the material was collected.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina congoensis Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina congoensis sp. nov. (Figs. 24, 25) Material examined. Holotype: ♂ Congo Paratypes: 3♂ Bakou, 12– 19.6.1984, in river, in total darkness, 30 m depth, coll. T. Montreille et al., pres. Dr. L. Deharveng, 2.1989, RMNH D 37639. Description. Total length: 14–15 mm. Carapace length: 3.5–4 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 24a, b, c): extending between middle of first to second segment of antennular peduncle. 1.4–1.5 mm in length. 0.4 × long as carapace. 13–16 teeth on dorsal margin arranged almost to tip. 3–5 postorbital teeth. 1–3 teeth on ventral margin leaving short distal end unarmed. Tip pointed. Formula (3–5) 13–16/ 1–3. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 24d): 0.45–0.5 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.9–1 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.4–0.45 × second segment. 11–12 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 25a): dactylus 1–1.1 × palm of propodus. Chela 2–2.1 × long as broad. Carpus 1.5–1.6 × long as broad with anterior excavation. Second pereiopod (Fig. 25b): dactylus 1.1–1.2 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2.4–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 5–5.5 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 25c, d): dactylus 1.7–1.8 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 4–5 (including terminal spines). Propodus 4.5–5 × long as dactylus and 7–8 × long as broad with 10–12 spines along posterior margin. Carpus 0.75–0.8 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 1.6–1.7 × carpus length. Merus with 2 spines on posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 25e, f): dactylus 3–3.3 × long as broad with 50–55 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 10–11 × long as broad and 3.8–4 × long as dactylus with 16–18 spines along inner margin. Carpus 0. 5–0.6 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.6 × carpus length, with 2 spines at posterior margin. Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods. First male pleopod (Fig. 25g, h): endopod long 0.6 × exopod length. Appendix interna absent. Several short stalked setae arranged along entire margin. Second male pleopod (Fig. 25i, j): appendix masculina long, 2.1–2.2 × appendix interna. 0.5–0.55 × endopod. Sixth abdominal somite: 0.4–0.5 × long as carapace. Telson (Fig. 25k, l): 1.1 to 1.2 × long as sixth abdominal somite. Dorsal spines 5–6 pairs (including sub terminal spine). 1 pair of short lateral spines and 7 or 9 long sparsely plumose spines increasing in length towards centre, present at posterior margin of telson. Uropod (Fig. 25m, n): 13–14 diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig. 25o): Peg-like with bushy setae. Remarks. Caridina congoensis sp. nov. is characterised by: the smaller size of the adult (14–15 mm); a short rostrum that is shorter than the first segment or extending to the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle; the stylocerite is 0.9–1.0 × the first segment, anterolateral tooth 0.40–0.45 × the second segment of the antennular peduncle; the dactylus of the third pereiopod bears 4–5 spines; the endopod of the first pleopod of male is longer, appendix masculina 2.1–2.2 × longer than the appendix interna; and the posterior margin of the telson bears long, sparsely plumose spines and the uropod diaeresis with 13–14 spinules. This combination of characters distinquishes C. congoensis sp. nov. from C. africana and C. togoensis. At present, females of C. congoensis are not known and examination of more extensive collections from the type locality including females, would provide information on egg number and size, and add to the present findings. Etymology. Named congoensis, after the Congo, the region from where the species is recorded.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 48-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina malawensis Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Caridina malawensis</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 38, 39)</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Holotype:</b> ♀ ovig. <b>Malawi</b> rocky shore of Lake Malawi, 20.9.– 20.11.1974, coll. P. Lamarque and C. Gosset, pres. Y. Therezien, RMNH D 30477.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Total length</i>: 17 mm. <i>Carapace length</i>: 2.95 mm.</p> <p> <i>Rostrum</i> (Fig. 38a, b): equal to antennular peduncle. 2.72 mm in length. 0.92 × carapace. 19 teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.29 of length unarmed only interrupted by single tooth. 2 post-orbital teeth. 9 teeth on ventral margin leaving short unarmed distal end. Tip bifid. Formula (2) 19+1/9.</p> <p> <i>Antennular peduncle</i> (Fig. 38e): 0.8 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.36 × second segment. 9 segments bearing aesthetascs.</p> <p> <i>Mandible</i> (Fig. 38c, d): asymmetrical, with long thin filament attached to the right mandible. (It is not clear whether filament on left mandible was lost).</p> <p> <i>First pereiopod</i> (Fig. 39a): dactylus 1.6 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.2 × long as broad. Carpus 2–2.15 × long as broad with deep excavation.</p> <p> <i>Second pereiopod</i> (Fig. 39b): dactylus 1.33 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 3 × long as broad. Carpus 4.6 × long as broad.</p> <p> <i>Third pereiopod</i> (Fig. 39c, d): dactylus 2.6 × long as broad and with 8 spines (including terminal spines). Propodus 5.4 × long as dactylus and 12.5 × long as broad, with 9 spines along posterior margin. Carpus 0.5 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 2.4 × carpus length. Merus with 1 spine on posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Fifth pereiopod</i> (Fig. 39e, f): dactylus 2.6 × long as broad with 32 spines in a comb like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 13.3 × long as broad and 4.7 × long as dactylus with 6 spines along posterior margin. Car-</p> <p>pus 0.46 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.94 × carpus length and with 2 spines along inner margin.</p> <p> <i>Setobranchs</i>: 1 on all pereiopods.</p> <p> <i>First female pleopod</i> (Fig. 39g): endopod 0.55 × long as exopod.</p> <p> <i>Eggs</i> (Fig. 39h): 55, 0.59 × 0.35 mm in size.</p> <p> <i>Sixth abdominal somite</i>: 0.72 × long as carapace.</p> <p> <i>Telson</i> (Fig. 39i, j): as long as sixth abdominal somite. Dorsal spines 4 pairs (including subterminal spine). Telson tapering towards triangular medial point. Three pairs of alternately short and long thinly plumose spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Uropod</i> (Fig. 39k, l): 9 diaeresis spinules.</p> <p> <i>Preanal carina</i> (Fig. 39m): unarmed.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The single ovigerous female holotyope of <i>C. malawensis</i>, from Lake Malawi, Mozambique, is unique with many distinguishing characters. Among these, of considerable interest is a long filament from the right mandible (Fig. 38c, d) that protrudes out into the anterior region of the cephalothorax. However, it is not clear if a filament was originally also present on the left side, but which is now lost. This particular character requires further analysis being known only from a single specimen. It would be interesting to study the function and significance of the long filament (Fig. 38a, c, d), as it may provide clues on the feeding mechanism of the species.</p> <p> The holotype of <i>C. malawensis</i> is unique in other characters: rostrum equal to the antennular peduncle; 19 teeth arranged on dorsal margin of the rostrum proximally, leaving the distal dorsal margin unarmed, interrupted by a single tooth; on the ventral rostral margin bears 9 teeth arranged up to the bifid tip; the dactylus of the fifth pereiopod has 32 spines; and the posterior margin of the telson is triangular with short spines that are alternatively short and long. The ovigerous holotype carries 55 eggs, of 0.59 × 0.35 mm size.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named <i>malawensis,</i> after Lake Malawi.</p>Published as part of <i>Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995</i> on pages 69-72, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1455866">10.5281/zenodo.1455866</a>
Caridina susuroflabra Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina susuroflabra sp. nov. (Figs. 32, 33) Material examined. Holotype: ♀ South Africa Eoshowe, Zululand, Major McLaughlin, SAM A 10661. Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀ ovig., 4♀, type locality. Description. Total length: 25–35 mm. Carapace length: 5–6 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 32a, b, c, d): Equal to end of antennular peduncle or shorter reaching middle of second segment of antennular peduncle. 3–4 mm in length. 0.5–0.6 × long as carapace. 4–10 teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.40–0.75 of length distally unarmed. 0–1 post-orbital tooth. 7–12 teeth on ventral margin arranged to tip. Tip pointed, bifid or with extra tooth giving trifid shape. Formula (0–1) 4–10/7–12. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 32e): 0.5–0.6 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.7–0.8 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.25–0.5 × second segment. 9–10 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 33a): dactylus 1.3–1.6 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.2–2.3 × long as broad. Carpus 2.2–2.4 × long as broad, anterior excavation not deep. Second pereiopod (Fig. 33b): dactylus 1.3–1.45 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2.50–2.75 × long as broad. Carpus 4.8–5 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 33c, d): dactylus 2.5–2.7 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 8–10 (including terminal spines). Propodus 4–5 × long as dactylus and 10–11 × long as broad with 12–16 spines along inner margin. Carpus 0.6–0.65 × long as propodus, with one big spine and 4–5 small spines inner margin. Merus 1.6–1.7 × carpus length. Merus with 2 large spines on posterior margin. Ischium bearing 1 large spine on posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 33e, f): dactylus 4.5–5 × long as broad with 50–60 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 10–11 × long as broad and 3.3–3.9 × long as dactylus with 15–20 spines along inner margin. Carpus 0.55–0.6 × propodus length and with 1 large spine and 4–5 small spines along inner margin. Merus 1.4–1.6 × carpus length, with 2 large spines at posterior margin. Setobranchs: 4 on all pereiopods. First pleopod of male (Fig. 33g, h): endopod 0.39 × exopod. Small projection present at anterior margin of endopod and appendix interna absent. Several stalked plumose processes arranged along entire margin. First female pleopod (Fig. 33i): endopod 0.79 × long as exopod. Eggs (Fig. 33j) 75; 1.05–1.1 × 0.65–0.7mm in size. Second male pleopod (Fig. 33k, l): apendix masculina 1.6 × appendix interna. 0.24 × endopod. Several stalked spines along posterior margin. Sixth abdominal somite carapace: 0.5–0.6 × long as carapace. Telson (Fig. 33m, n): 1–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 5–7 pairs of dorsal spines (including sub terminal spine). Posterior margin triangular, ending in median process, with pair of longer lateral spines and 1 or 2 pairs of inner spines shorter than lateral pair. Spines sparsely plumose. Uropod (Fig. 33o): 11–14 diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig. 33p): unarmed. Remarks. Caridina susuroflabra sp. nov. is distinguished by the short rostrum with 0–1 post-orbital teeth and a fewer number of teeth on the dorsal margin being arranged proximally leaving a distinct distal unarmed margin. The teeth on ventral rostral margin are arranged distally, tip acute, bifid or trifid. Caridina susuroflabra sp. nov. is closer to C. africana in possesing the short spines at the posterior margin of the telson. However, C. susuroflabra sp. nov. differs by its shorter rostrum and the arrangement of teeth distally on the ventral margin of the rostrum. It is distinctly different from C. togoensis in possessing short spines at the posterior margin of the telson. Etymology. The specific name, susuroflabra, is derived from the Latin meaning whispering breezes, alluding to Eshowe, the collection site of the species. Eshowe, the oldest town in Zululand, is situated around the Dlinza indigenous forest, and derives its name from the tranquil, whispering breezes blowing through the trees.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina belazoniensis Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina belazoniensis sp. nov. (Figs. 14, 15) Material examined. Holotype: ♀ ovig. Kenya Mbelazoni, Lower Athi River, Sabaki Estuary, coll. & pres. Hugh Copley, 1954, NHM 2007. 723. Paratypes: Kenya Belazoni, Pres. Hugh Copley, NHM 1955.1 24.22–26, 4♂, 14♀ ovig., 4♀; Mbelazoni, Lower Athi River, Sabaki Estuary, coll. & pres. Hugh Copley, 1954, NHM 2007.702–711, 1♂, 26♀ ovig., 4♀. South Africa Kwazulu Natal, Usutu River, Dirt Road, Near bridge, Usutu River System, Matata, 26° 51' 22"S, 31° 54' 31"E, R. Bills, 31.3.2003, AM GEN 1758 A, 1♂, 2♀ ovig. Description. Total length: 25–38 mm. Carapace length: 4.5–6 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 14a, b, c): always longer than antennal scale. 4.5–7.5 mm in length. 1–1.2 × long as carapace. 5–20 (mostly 12–15) teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.5–0.55 of length distally unarmed. No post-orbital teeth. 14–25 (mostly 17–21) teeth on ventral margin leaving short distal end unarmed. Tip usually bifid, rarely pointed. Formula (0) 5–20/14–25, mostly (0) 12–15/17–21. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 14d): 0.6–0.75 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.2–0.3 × second segment. 12–15 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 15a): dactylus 1.5–1.9 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.5–2.9 × long as broad. Carpus 2–2.4 × long as broad, anterior excavation deep. Second pereiopod (Fig. 15b): dactylus 1.5–2.2 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 3.0–3.5 × long as broad; Carpus 3–4 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 15c, d): dactylus 2.3–2.9 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varied from 6–9 (including terminal spines), mostly 7 or 8. Propodus 4.0–5.5 × long as dactylus and 9.5 or 10.5 × long as broad with 20–22 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.6–0.7 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 1.7–2.0 × carpus length. Merus with 2 large spines on the posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 15e, f): dactylus 3.0–3.5 × long as broad with 35–45 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 13.0–14.5 × long as broad and 4.0–5.3 × long as dactylus with 15–20 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.5–0.6 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.8 × carpus length, with 1 large spine on posterior margin. Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods. First male pleopod (Fig. 15g, h): endopod 0.3–0.4 × exopod length. Appendix interna usually turned towards exopod. First female pleopod (Fig. 15i): endopod 0.60–0.75 × long as exopod. Eggs (Fig. 15j): 780–800, 0.35–0.4 × 0.20–0.25 mm in size. Second pleopod of male (Fig. 15k, l): appendix masculina 1.5–1.9 × appendix interna, 0.30–0.35 × endopod. Sixth abdominal somite: 0.5–0.6 × long as carapace. Telson (Fig. 15m, n): tapering uniformly to blunt posterior margin protruding beyond single pair of plain stout lateral spines. 1.0–1.3 × long as sixth abdominal segment. Dorsal spines 4–6 pairs (including sub terminal spine). 2 or 3 pairs of fine setae may be present on protruding peg-like tip of telson. Uropod (Fig. 15o, p): 7–14 (mostly 9–11) diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig. 15q): sharp with spine. Remarks. Caridina belazoniensis sp. nov. is distinguished by the large sized adults with a longer rostrum that always overreaches the antennal scale, absence of the post-orbital teeth, dorsal distal margin of rostrum unarmed and the tip of the rostrum mostly bifid (rarely pointed). The spines on the posterior margin of the telson are limited to a single pair of lateral spines and the posterior margin of the telson protrudes beyond the lateral spines. Females have 780– 800 eggs of 0.35–0.40 × 0.20–0.25 mm size. These characters distinguish C. belazoniensis sp. nov. from C. africana Kingsley (1882) and C. togoensis Hilgendorf (1893) Etymolgy. Caridina belazoniensis sp. nov. is named after the Belazoni Canal, Kenya, the type locality.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina umtatensis Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina umtatensis sp. nov. (Figs. 34, 35) Material examined. Holotype: ♀ South Africa Kraal Dam, Umtata, coll. A. Pretorius, 16.2.1995, SAM A 45518. Paratypes: Kraal Dam, Umtata, coll. A. Pretorius, 16.2.1995, coll. W. Emmerson, SAM A 45518, 24♂, 19♀ ovig. 5♀, 1 juv.; Mquanduli 31°54'40"S, 28°51'14"E from a slow stream, SAM A 13391, 8♂, 1♀ ovig., 2♀; Lateba, Crocodile River, SAM A 10669, 2♀. Description. Total length: 24–34 mm. Carapace length: 4–5 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 34a, b, c, d): upturned or straight mostly equal to antennal scale or shorter equal to antennular peduncle, or fractionally longer than antennal scale. 3.8–5 mm in length. 0.9–1 × long as carapace. 7–18 teeth on dorsal margin arranged leaving 0.5–0.75 of length unarmed, rarely 1-2 teeth on unarmed margin. 1–4 post-orbital teeth. 4–16 teeth on ventral margin arranged from proximal end to tip or with unarmed distal margin. Tip bifid or acute. Formula (1–4) 7–18/4–16. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 34e): 0.75–0.85 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.7–0.9 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.25–0.3 × second segment. 10–18 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 35a): dactylus 1.1–1.3 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.5–2.7 × long as broad. Carpus 2–2.3 × long as broad, with excavation anteriorly. Second pereiopod (Fig. 35b): dactylus 1.2–1.4 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2.4–2.7 × long as broad. Carpus 4.2–4.7 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 35c, d): dactylus 3–3.2 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 10–13 (including terminal spines). Propodus 4.1–4.5 × long as dactylus and 10–11 × long as broad with 12–17 spines along inner margin. Carpus 0.6–0.7 × long as propodus, with 1 large spine and 4–5 small spines on inner margin. Merus 1.6–1.8 × carpus length. Merus with 3 large spines along posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 35e, f): dactylus 3.5–3.8 × long as broad with 60–75 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 13–14 × long as broad and 4–4.5 × long as dactylus with 11–17 spines along posterior margin. Carpus 0.5–0.7 × propodus length and with 1 large spine and 4–6 minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.7 × carpus length, with 2 large spines along posterior margin. Setobranchs: 5 on all pereiopods. First male pleopod (Fig. 35g, h): endopod 0.25–0.35 × exopod length. Appendix interna present. Long setae present on anterior margin of endopod bend across appendix interna thus folding tip of endopod. Series of stalked processes present around entire margin. First female pleopod (Fig. 35i): endopod 0.55–0.7 × long as exopod. Eggs (Fig. 35j) 55–70, 1.07–1.1 × 0.64–0.7mm in size. Second pleopod of male (Fig. 35k, l): appendix masculine 1.5–1.7 × appendix interna.and 0.3–0.4 × endopod. Several stalked spines present along tip and posterior margin. Sixth abdominal somite: 0.6–0.7 × long as carapace. Telso n (Fig. 35m, n): 1–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 5–8 pairs of dorsal spines (mostly 5–7) present (including subterminal spines). Pair of extra subterminal spines or only 1 extra subterminal spine on one side, present or not. Posterior margin triangular mostly ending in medial pointed process, rarely plain without median pointed process, with 1 pair of lateral spines and 1–3 pairs, mostly 2 or 3 pairs of inner spines of equal length. Uropod (Fig. 35o): 10–15 diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig. 35p): unarmed. Remarks. Caridina umtatensis sp. nov. is distinguished by 7–18 teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum arranged mostly restricted up to the point of curvature of the proximal end of the ventral margin. The unarmed section of the dorsal rostral margin is occasionally interrupted by one tooth. The 4–16 teeth on the ventral rostral margin are always arranged uniformly from the proximal end to tip (Fig. 34c) or leaving shorter (Fig. 34b) or longer (Fig. 34 d) ventral distal margin unarmed. The rostral formula is (1–4) 7–18/4–16. The posterior margin of the telson is usually triangular with a median pointed process rarely plain and 1–3 inner spines of equal length to the lateral spines. Caridina umtatensis sp. nov. is distinctly different from C. africana. and C. togoensis by in arrangement of teeth on the rostrum. Etymology. Named umtatensis, after the river in which the species was found.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 63-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina messofluminis Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Caridina messofluminis</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 36, 37)</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Holotype:</b> ♂ <b>Cameroon</b> Mess stream, coll. R. H. L. Disney, 5.11.1970, NHM 1974.707. <b>Paratypes:</b> Mess stream, coll. R. H. L. Disney, 5.11.1970, NHM 2007.747–756, (ex 1974. 707) 13♂.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Total length</i>: 15–25 mm. <i>Carapace length</i>: 2.5–4.5 mm.</p> <p> <i>Rostrum</i> (Fig. 36a, b, c): short, equal to, or overreaching first segment of antennular peduncle. 0.9–1.25 mm in length. 0.25–0.36 × carapace. 2–9 teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.3–0.6 of length distally unarmed. 1–5 post-orbital teeth. Teeth absent on ventral margin. Tip pointed. Formula (1–5) 2–9/0.</p> <p> <i>Antennular peduncle</i> (Fig. 36d): 0.45–0.6 × carapace. Basal segment of antennular peduncle with stylocerite reaching 0.8–0.9 × basal segment. Anterolateral tooth of basal segment short being 0.08 to 0.1 × second segment. 9–11 segments bearing aesthetascs.</p> <p> <i>First pereiopod</i> (Fig. 37a): dactylus 1.1–1.4 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.1–2.4 × long as broad. Carpus 2.2–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus with deep excavation anteriorly.</p> <p> <i>Second pereiopod</i> (Fig. 37b): dactylus 1.3–1.55 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2.7–3.0 × long as broad. Carpus 4.5–5.0 × long as broad.</p> <p> <i>Third pereiopod</i> (Fig. 37c, d): dactylus 2–2.8 × long as broad with 5–7 spines (including spine at anterior end). Propodus 4.5–5.0 × long as dactylus and 8–9 × long as broad. 7–10 spines arranged along posterior margin. Carpus 0.6–0.7 × propodus. Merus 1.5–1.7 × carpus with 3 large spines.</p> <p> <i>Fifth pereiopod</i> (Fig. 37e, f): dactylus 3.5–3.8 × long as broad with 55–65 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on posterior margin. Propodus 3.4–3.7 × long as dactylus and 10–11 × long as broad. Merus 1.3–1.4 × carpus and with three spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Setobranchs</i>: 3 on all pereiopods.</p> <p> <i>First male pleopod</i> (Fig. 37g, h): endopod long 0.6–0.7 × exopod and with short appendix interna. Short stalked setae arranged uniformly around inner margin and longer ones along outer margin.</p> <p> <i>Second male pleopod</i> (Fig. 39i, j): appendix masculina 1.5–1.6 × appendix interna and 0.4–0.55 × exopod.</p> <p> <i>Sixth abdominal segment</i>: 0.45–0.6 × long as carapace.</p> <p>Telson (Fig. 37k, l): 5 to 6 pairs of dorsal spines (including subterminal spines). Posterior margin rounded with 1 plain lateral spines and 3–4 pairs of long, stalked densely plumose processes. 1–1.2 × long as sixth abdominal segment.</p> <p> <i>Uropod</i> (Fig. 37m, n): 20–22 diaeresis spinules.</p> <p> <i>Preanal carina</i> (Fig. 37o): Protruding and peg-like without spines and adorned with long setae at tip.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The short, pointed rostrum (not reaching the end of the eye in three specimens, and slightly overreaching the first segment of the antennular peduncle in 9 specimens), with 2–9 teeth on dorsal margin of the rostrum arranged proximally leaving 0.3 to 0.5 of the dorsal margin of the rostrum unarmed, and no teeth on the ventral margin, differentiate this species from <i>C. africana</i> and <i>C. togoensis</i>. <i>Caridina messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is closer to <i>C. gabonensis</i> J. Roux, 1927. However, <i>C. messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>C. gabonensis</i> in having relatively fewer post-orbital teeth; 1–5 and 3–6 respectively. <i>Caridina messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> possesses no teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum, but, Roux (1927) reported that 15 of the specimens examined by him had one tooth on the ventral margin of the rostrum. <i>Caridina messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> possesses 20–22 uropod diaeresis spines, while only 15 or 16 are present in <i>C. gabonensis</i>. The endopod of the first pleopod of the male in <i>C. messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is long, about 0.6–0.7 × as long as the exopod, and bears a short appendix interna. No information is available on this character in <i>C. gabonensis.</i> Examination of extensive collections from type locality might provide further support for the distinctness of <i>C. messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> Based on the differences in the absence of ventral teeth, fewer post-orbital teeth, more uropod diaeresis spinules and longer endopod on the first pleopod of male with a short appendix interna, <i>C. messofluminis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is described as a new species. Females are not presently known.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name is derived from <i>Flumineus</i>, Latin, meaning river, and the Mess stream, the type locality.</p>Published as part of <i>Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995</i> on pages 66-69, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1455866">10.5281/zenodo.1455866</a>
Caridina amnicolizambezi Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCaridina amnicolizambezi sp. nov. (Figs. 22, 23) Material examined. Holotype: ♀ ovig. Angola Rio Lucoge, branch of the Chicapu River, 7°36'S 20°31'E, 4.1964, coll. A. de Barros Machado, no. 6508. Paratypes: Rio Lucoge, branch of the Chicapu River, 7°36'S 20°31'E, 4.1964, coll. A. de Barros Machado, no. 6508. RMNH D 24469, 3♂, 20♀ ovig., 38♀; SE Angola, Rio Longa, tributary of the Zambesi, received 3.1963, pres. R. Bott, no. 4473, RMNH D 18639, 10♂, 9♀. Zambia Lake Tanganyika, Chilanga, coll. & pres. Dr. R. Huddart, 1971, NHM 2007.735–744, 3♂, 20♀. Description. Total length: 15–30 mm. Carapace length: 3–4 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 22a, b, c, d): straight, or tip turned up, tapering towards tip giving bulged appearnece subterminally; short, mostly reaching end of first segment of antennular peduncle or extending up to middle of third segment of antennular peduncle. 1.60–3.35 mm in length. 0.50–0.75 × long as carapace. 15–28 (mostly 20–25) teeth on dorsal margin arranged up to tip or with short unarmed distal end. 1–5 post-orbital teeth. 0–10 (mostly 2–8) teeth on ventral margin to tip or with short distal unarmed end. Tip pointed. Formula (1–5) 15–28/0–10, mostly (3–4) 20–25/2–8. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 22e): 0.7–0.8 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6–0.7 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.25–0.35 × second segment. 5–6 segments bearing aesthetascs. First pereiopod (Fig. 23a): dactylus 1.1–1.4 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.8–3.2 × long as broad. Carpus 2.4–2.7 × long as broad, almost no anterior excavation, anterior end flat. Second pereiopod (Fig. 23b): dactylus 1.1–1.3 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 3.7–4.5 × long as broad. Carpus 5–6 × long as broad. Third pereiopod (Fig. 23c, d): dactylus 4.2–4.6 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varied from 9–14 (including terminal spines), mostly 11–13. Propodus 2.5–3.5 × long as dactylus and 11–12 × long as broad with 10–15 spines arranged along posterior margin. Carpus 0.5–0.7 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.8 × carpus length. Merus with 5 spines on posterior margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 23e, f): dactylus 4.5–5.9 × long as broad with 30–40 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 12–14 × long as broad and 2.5–3 × long as dactylus with 7–14 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.4–0.6 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.4–1.7 × carpus length, with 2 spines at posterior margin. Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods. First male pleopod (Fig. 23g, h): endopod 0.3–0.4 × exopod length. Appendix interna absent. Short stalked setae arranged uniformly along entire margin. First female pleopod (Fig. 23i): endopod 0.5–0.7 × long as exopod. Eggs (Fig. 23j): 15–20, 1.2–1.3 × 0.7–0.9 mm in size. Second male pleopod (Fig. 23k, l, m, n): length of appendix masculina varying. 1.0–1.1 × appendix interna, in specimens from Angola. In specimens from Lake Tanganyika, (Fig. 22m) longer, 1.5–1.6 × appendix interna, 0.2–0.33 × endopod. Sixth abdominal somite: 0.6–0.7 × long as carapace. Telson (Fig. 22o, p): 1.0 to 1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 3 or 4 pairs of dorsal spines (including subterminal spine). 1 pair of plain lateral spines and 3 or 4 pairs of stalked plumose process present at posterior margin. Uropod (Fig. 23q, r): 7–10 diaeresis spinules. Preanal carina (Fig. 23s): unarmed. Remarks. Caridina amnicolizambezi sp. nov. has the following distinctive characters: a shorter rostrum always with a pointed tip, turned upwards or straight with a slight bulge subterminally giving a spindle shape appearance; 15–28, mostly 20–25 teeth on dorsal margin of the rostrum, mainly arranged to the tip, rarely with a short distal unarmed margin; 0–10 ventral teeth (mostly 2–8) arranged with or without a short unarmed distal margin; the chelae are slender on the first and second pereiopods; the carpus of the first pereiopod has a flat anterior margin with almost no excavation; the dactylus of third pereiopod has 9–14 spines (including the terminal spine) (usually 11–13) and that of the fifth has 30–40 spines. Ovigerous females carry 15– 20 eggs, 1.2–1.3 × 0.7–0.9 mm in size. The appendix masculina is either short being 1.0–1.1 × the appendix interna, or 1.5–1.6 × appendix interna. All of these characters are unique to Caridina amnicolizambezi sp. nov. It is similar to C. togoensis in having 3 or 4 pairs of stalked plumose processes on the posterior margin of the telson. Etymology. The name amnicolizambezi is derived from the Latin meaning, native of the river, and refers to its capture in the Zambezi River and its tributaries.Published as part of Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995 on pages 45-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.145586
Caridina gaesumi Richard & Clark, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Caridina gaesumi</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 30, 31)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype:</b> ♀ ovig. <b>Nigeria</b> Osse River (Ovia River) near Gilli Gilli, Midwest State, 6°9.5'N 5°21'E, 16.5.1975, coll. & pres. C. B. Powell, RMNH D 30480. <b>Paratypes:</b> Lagune of Ogba River, S of Ogba, Midwest State, 6°17'N 5°35'E, 16 and 22.5.1975, coll. & pres. C. B. Powell, RMNH D 30479, 7♀ ovig., 3♀; Osse River (Ovia River) near Gilli Gilli, Midwest State; 6°9.5'N 5°21'E, 16.5.1975, coll. & pres. C. B. Powell, RMNH D 30480, 5♀ ovig., 3♀. <b>Republic of Zambia</b> Irrigation ditch, Nakambala Sugar estate, Mazabula, 29.6.1981, pres. J. Pollock, NHM 1982.139, 1♂.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Total length</i>: 14–23 mm. <i>Carapace length</i>: 2.9–3.2 mm.</p> <p> <i>Rostrum</i> (Fig. 30a, b, c): reaching apex of antennal scale. 2.4–2.8 mm in length. 0.8–0.9 × carapace. 10–20 teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.3–0.4 of length distally unarmed sometimes interrupted by 1–2 teeth. 1–3 post-orbital teeth. 3–9 teeth on ventral margin arranged to tip. Tip pointed or bifid. Formula (1–3) 10–20/ 3–9.</p> <p> <i>Antennular peduncle</i> (Fig. 30d): 0.65–0.75 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.7–0.9 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.25–0.4 × second segment. 5–9 segments bearing aesthetascs.</p> <p> <i>First pereiopod</i> (Fig. 31a): dactylus 1.3–1.4 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.4–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 2.3–2.5 × long as broad with anterior excavation.</p> <p> <i>Second pereiopod</i> (Fig. 31b): dactylus 1.1–1.2 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 3.1–3.3 × long as broad. Carpus 6.5–7.1 × long as broad.</p> <p> <i>Third pereiopod</i> (Fig. 31c, d): dactylus 2.5–3 × long as broad.4–9 spines on dactylus (including terminal spines). Propodus 5–5.2 × long as dactylus and 13.5–15 × long as broad with 7–10 spines along posterior margin. Carpus 0.5–0.6 × long as propodus, with minute spines on inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.7 × carpus length. Merus with 4 spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Fifth pereiopod</i> (Fig. 31e, f): dactylus 2.4–2.6 × long as broad with 25–45 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 13–14 × long as broad and 3.5–4.0 × long as dactylus with 9–12 spines along inner margin. Carpus 0.5–0.6 × propodus length and with minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.6 × carpus length, with 2 spines along inner margin.</p> <p> <i>Setobranchs</i>: 2 on all pereiopods.</p> <p> <i>First male pleopod</i> (Fig. 31g, h): endopod 0.4 × exopod; appendix interna absent. Short setae present on margin.</p> <p> <i>First female pleopod</i> (Fig. 31i): endopod 0.5–0.6 × long as exopod.</p> <p> <i>Eggs</i> (Fig. 31j): 10–15, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm in size.</p> <p> <i>Second male pleopod</i> (Fig. 31k): appendix masculina 1.3 × appendix interna. 0.35 × endopod. Several stalked spines along posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Sixth abdominal somite</i>: 0.6–0.7 × long as carapace.</p> <p> <i>Telson</i> (Fig. 31m, n, o): 1–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 4–5 pairs of dorsal spines (including sub terminal spines). Broad with pair of longer lateral spines almost reaching 0.6–0.9 of inner plumose process. 1–3 pairs or 3 or 5 stalked plumose processes present at posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Uropod</i> (Fig. 31p): 7–10 diaeresis spinules.</p> <p> <i>Preanal carina</i> (Fig. 31q): Sharp with spine or unarmed.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Caridina gaesumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is distinguished by the following characters: rostrum straight, reaching apex of antennal scale, dorsal teeth 10–20, arranged up to the tip or leaving the 0.3–0.4 of the dorsal distal margin plain, which is interrupted by teeth; 3–9 teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum arranged from the proximal end up to the tip; tip of the rostrum pointed or bifid; 20–45 spines on the dactylus of the fifth pereiopod; few eggs in ovigerous females (10–15); and longer lateral spines on the posterior margin of the telson.</p> <p> <i>Caridina gaesumi</i> is similar to <i>C. togoensis</i> in the arrangement of teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum, either compactly arranged up to the tip or with a short distal unarmed margin, and in bearing plumose processes at the posterior margin of the telson. However, the unarmed dorsal distal margin, when present, could be interrupted by teeth in <i>C. gaesumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> whereas it is plain in <i>C. togoensis</i>. Also the tip of the rostrum could be either pointed or bifid in <i>C. gaesumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> whereas it is pointed in <i>C. togoensis. Caridiana gaesumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>C. togoensis</i> in possessing comparatively longer lateral spines on the posterior margin of the telson.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is derived from g <i>aesum,</i> Latin, meaning a long heavy javelin, referring to the distinguishing character of this species, namely the long lateral spines on the posterior margin of the telson.</p>Published as part of <i>Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 1995</i> on pages 57-60, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1455866">10.5281/zenodo.1455866</a>
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