288 research outputs found
Remaining-Useful-Life prognostics for opportunistic grouping of maintenance of landing gear brakes for a fleet of aircraft
No full textSeveral studies have proposed Remaining-Useful-Life (RUL) prognostics for aircraft components in the last years. However, few studies focus on integrating these RUL prognostics into maintenance planning frameworks. This paper proposes an optimization model for opportunistic maintenance scheduling of aircraft components that integrates RUL prognostics and that groups the maintenance of these components to reduce costs. We illustrate our approach for the maintenance of a fleet of aircraft, each equipped with multiple landinggear brakes. RUL prognostics for the landing gear brakes are obtained using a Bayesian regression model. Based on these RUL prognostics, we group the replacement of brakes using an integer linear program. As a result, we obtain a cost-optimal RUL-driven opportunistic-maintenance schedule for the brakes of a fleet of aircraft. Compared with traditional maintenance strategies, our approach leads to a reduction of up to 20% of the total maintenance costs.Air Transport & Operation
Novel metrics to evaluate probabilistic remaining useful life prognostics with applications to turbofan engines
No full textWell-established metrics such as the Root Mean Square Error or the Mean Absolute Error are not suitable to evaluate estimated distributions of the Remaining Useful Life (i.e., probabilistic prognostics). We therefore propose novel metrics to evaluate the quality of probabilistic Remaining Useful Life prognostics. We estimate the distribution of the Remaining Useful Life of turbofan engines using a Convolutional Neural Network with Monte Carlo dropout. The accuracy and sharpness of the obtained probabilistic prognostics are evaluated using the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) and weighted CRPS. The reliability of the obtained probabilistic prognostics is evaluated using the α-Coverage and the Reliability Score. The results show that the estimated distributions of the Remaining Useful Life of turbofan engines are accurate, reliable and sharp when using a Convolutional Neural Network with Monte Carlo dropout. In general, the proposed metrics are suitable to evaluate the accuracy, sharpness and reliability of probabilistic Remaining Useful Life prognostics.Air Transport & Operation
Exploratory Dissertation: Machine learning for health monitoring of guided wave tested CFRP’s: Towards integrated feature extraction and domain adaptations with deep learning
No full textThe goal of this dissertation was to integrate the models developed by the Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) group of ETH Zürich, with a dataset typical to the Structural Integrity and Composites (SI&C) group of the TU Delft. To achieve this objective, the open source Guided wave dataset from the NASA Prognostics Center of Excellence repository was selected.Three objectives have been studied:Integrated feature extraction. Here the goal was to use artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically extract features from raw audio signals.Predictive modelling. The goal was to use heterogeneous modelling to predict the remaining useful lifetime and the delamination growth in carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP's).Domain adaptation. Here, the objective was to converge delamination predictions of one boundary condition such that a model could make predictions for a second boundary condition. The approach is novel to the SHM datasets used by the SI&C group and is first introduced in this dissertation.Aerospace Engineerin
The role of cover crops with biofumigation potential for the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards
No full textThesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Plant-parasitic nematodes, consisting of a wide range of species, can cause severe economic
losses in most agricultural food crops. Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes), Criconemoides
xenoplax (ring nematode), Xiphinema index (dagger nematode) and Pratylenchus spp. (lesion
nematodes) are some of the economically important plant-parasitic nematodes that pose a threat to
viticulture and other perennial crops in South Africa. Worldwide there is ever-increasing pressure on
pre-plant synthetic soil fumigants and post-plant nematicides. For sustainable nematode
management, it is important to have a holistic approach; taking into consideration cultural, biological
and chemical options as part of an integrated management approach.
Biofumigation has the potential to fit into such an integrated management system and
previous research indicates the positive response on soil-borne diseases, nematodes and weeds.
Biofumigation occurs where certain plant species, containing glucosinolates (GSL) in the vacuole of
the plant cells, come into contact (after cell maceration), with the enzyme myrosinase (MYR) situated
in the cytoplasm of the cell, to form active compounds such as isothiocyanate (ITC). When this green
manure is applied to infested soil, the ITC has the potential to have a direct suppressive effect on the
soil-borne pathogens and there is also an indirect effect that can be expected after green manure soil
amendment, because microbial activity is enhanced in the soil. Brassicas are known to possess GSL
and MYR in their cells and thus have the potential to be utilized as biofumigation crops. There are,
however, differences in the potential within the Brassicaceae family, based on different types and
concentrations of GSL present in the different species. To ensure effective biofumigation it is
important to use the correct brassica species and have a good understanding of the factors that have
a positive impact on the biofumigation action.
Laboratory bioassays were done to determine the potential of different cover crops to
suppress Meloidogyne javanica and C. xenoplax, when applied as a green manure. The cover crops
used for the bioassays included Oats (Avena sativa cv. Pallinup), White mustard (Sinapis alba cv.
Braco), Canola (Brassica napus cv. AV Jade), Caliente 199 (Brassica juncea cv. Caliente 199) and
Nemat (Eruca sativa cv. Nemat). The plant material was cut into small pieces and mixed with
sterilised soil inoculated with either M. javanica or C. xenoplax. Results from the bioassays showed a
significant suppression of M. javanica by the three biofumigation species: White mustard, Caliente 199 and Nemat. These results supported previous research, indicating the nematode suppressing
effect due to the biofumigation action of certain brassica crops. Canola did not have the same
suppressing impact on the M. javanica and gave comparable results to the control, indicating that
Canola is not a good biofumigation crop for M. javanica suppression. In terms of biofumigation effect
oats did not differ significantly from the control or the three brassicas: White mustard, Caliente 199
and Nemat. In the bioassays done for C. xenoplax no significant differences were found between the
green manure treatments and the control. These results indicate that the different crops tested,
including the three well known biofumigation crops, did not suppress the C. xenoplax at the applied
biomass concentrations used in the bioassay.
Crops can also be classified according to their host status for certain plant parasitic
nematodes. Crop host trials were conducted to determine the crop host status of the five different
cover crops, to M. javanica and C. xenoplax. The crops were planted in sterilised soil, inoculated with
the latter plant-parasitic nematodes and left for 60 days, after which, a root gall index analysis was
done for M. javanica and for 85 or 92 days after which C. xenoplax was extracted from the soil. All the
crops evaluated had a significantly lower root gall index for M. javanica than the control. Nemat and
Oats was classified as poor hosts for M. javanica. A visual inspection of the root systems of all the
crops was performed to determine whether M. javanica managed to complete its lifecycle in the
different root systems. On all root systems, M. javanica managed to form root galls and produce egg
masses, from which (J2) juveniles emerged. This indicates that M. javanica did complete its lifecycle
in the different root systems of the crops evaluated and that all the cover crops acted as hosts. The
expression of the gall symptoms were, however, less severe on Nemat and Oats, compared to the
others. In the C. xenoplax crop host trials, all except the Nemat treatment showed a significant
difference, compared to the Tomato treatment, with lower C. xenoplax numbers being present in the
other crops. The nematode numbers in the different crops, compared well with the control (only
inoculated soil), indicating that the crops did not stimulate the reproduction of C. xenoplax. Canola
had the lowest numbers of C. xenoplax present after the growing cycle and Caliente 199 also showed
a declining trend.
In South Africa, the use of annual cover crops in vineyards is an established soil cultivation
practice. In a field study, Oats, White mustard, Canola, Caliente 199 and Nemat were established in a
vineyard as cover crops for three growing seasons (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12), and evaluated for their biofumigation impact, as well as their host impact on the suppression of certain economically
important plant-parasitic nematodes. Two cover crop management practices, namely mechanical
incorporation (MC) into the top soil and chemical removal of the cover crop (CC) were applied to the
different cover crops. Nematode samples were taken in the work row and in the vine row at different
times to determine the nematode status. These periods were April/May, before planting the cover
crops, as well as 0, 15, 30 and 60 days after the management practices were performed. The crop
biomass, measured as dry matter production (DMP) in tons/ha, differed significantly between the
different crops, but also showed substantial increases during the three cover crop growing seasons
for most crops. During the three consecutive seasons, Canola (CC) and Caliente 199 (CC) showed a
constant reduction in the C. xenoplax population in the vine row based on the 60 day analysis. This
trend was also observed for the total plant-parasitic nematode population in the vine row for the three
seasons, based on 60 day analysis. The same trend took place during the three-year trial period for
all the different sampling periods (0, 15, 30 and 60 days). The results can be attributed to the host
status of these crops and not primarily because of the biofumigation effect. Both the Canola (CC) and
the Caliente (CC) had a substantial increase in DMP during the three growing seasons that might
have played a role in this trend. White mustard (CC and MC) showed a significant increase in the C.
xenoplax population in the vine row, over the three year period, based on the 60 day analysis. The
same trend was found Nemat (CC) and weeds and nematicide (CC) measured at the same period. A
positive result from the Meloidogyne sp. analysis was that there was no significant increase in the
Meloidogyne sp. in the vine row during the three growing seasons based on the 60 day analysis. This
trend was seen in all the different treatments. The results from this study opens the possibility to apply
these cover crops as part of a crop rotation programme without expecting an increase in the
Meloidogyne sp. population to occur in the vine row through time.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plantparasitiese nematodes, wat bestaan uit 'n wye verskeidenheid van spesies, kan lei tot
ernstige ekonomiese verliese in die meeste landbou gewasse. Meloidogyne spp. (knopwortel
nematode), Criconemoides xenoplax (ring nematode), Xiphinema index (dolk nematode) en
Pratylenchus spp. (letsel nematode) is van dié belangrikste plantparasitiese nematodes wat 'n
bedreiging inhou vir wingerd en ander meerjarige gewasse in Suid-Afrika. Wêreldwyd is daar tans
toenemende druk op die uitfasering van voor-plant chemiese grondberoking middels en so ook op nauitplant
nematisiede. Vir volhoubare nematode bestuur, is dit belangrik om 'n holistiese benadering te
volg, in ag genome kulturele, biologiese en chemiese maatreëls as deel van 'n geïntegreerde
benadering. Bioberoking het die potensiaal om deel uit te maak van so 'n geïntegreerde benadering
en baie vorige navorsing bevestig hierdie positiewe reaksie, in terme van onderdrukking, wat
bioberoking op grond-gedraagde siektes, nematodes en onkruid kan hê. Bioberoking kan beskryf
word as die reaksie, wat plaasvind wanneer glukosinolaat (GSL), wat teenwoordig is in die vakuool
van die plantselle, in kontak kom met die ensiem mirosinase (MYR), nadat selbreking plaasgevind het
en die aktiewe verbinding isothiosianaat (ITC) en ander sekondêre metaboliete gevorm word.
Wanneer hierdie groen plantmateriaal in die grond ingewerk word, kan ʼn direkte onderdrukkings effek,
as gevolg van die ITC, asook ʼn indirekte onderdrukkings effek as gevolg van die stimulasie van
mikrobe aktiwiteit, verwag word. Brassica gewasse is bekend daarvoor dat daar GSL en MYR in die
plantselle teenwoordig is en hulle besit dus die potensiaal om ITC te vorm. Daar is egter verskille in
hierdie potensiaal binne die Brassicaceae familie, wat gebaseer is op verskillende tipes en
konsentrasies GSL. Die keuse van ʼn brassica spesie is dus belangrik, tesame met ʼn verskeidenheid
van ander faktore, om optimale bioberoking te verseker.
Laboratorium biotoetse is gedoen om die bioberokings effek van verskillende dekgewasse op
Meloidogyne javanica en C. xenoplax, wanneer dit aangewend word as groenbemesting, te bevestig.
Die dekgewasse wat gebruik is sluit in: Hawer (Avena sativa cv. Pallinup), Wit mosterd (Sinapis alba
cv. Braco), Canola (Brassica napus cv. AV Jade), Caliente 199 (Brassica juncea cv. Caliente 199) en
Nemat (Eruca sativa cv. Nemat). Die plantmateriaal is fyn opgesny en ingewerk in gesteriliseerde
grond wat met onderskeidelik M. javanica en C. xenoplax geïnokuleer is. Resultate van die biotoetse
vir M. javanica toon dat die drie gewasse; Wit mosterd, Caliente 199 en Nemat, wat alombekend is vir
hul bioberoking potensiaal, ʼn betekenisvolle onderdrukkings op M. javanica tot gevolg gehad het. Hierdie biotoetse ondersteun vorige navorsing, waar effektiewe onderdrukking van sekere
Meloidogyne spesies as gevolg van bioberoking verkry is. Die resultate dui ook aan dat Canola nie ʼn
goeie opsie is vir effektiewe bioberoking om M. javanica onderdrukking te verkry nie. Die Hawer
behandeling het nie betekenisvol van die kontrole of van die ander bioberokings gewasse verskil nie.
Daar is geen betekenisvolle verskille verkry tussen die kontrole en die ander gewasse tydens die C.
xenoplax biotoetse nie. Die resultate dui aan dat die dekgewasse, insluitende die drie bekende
bioberokings gewasse, nie C. xenoplax onderdruk teen die toegediende biomassa konsentrasies nie.
Gewasse kan ook geklassifiseer word op grond van hul gasheer status vir sekere nematode.
Gasheer toetse is gedoen om die gasheer status van die verskillende dekgewasse vir M. javanica en
C. xenoplax te bepaal. Dieselfde vyf verskillende dekgewasse is geplant in grond, wat vooraf
onderskeidelik met M. javanica en C. xenoplax geïnokuleer is. Plante is gelos om vir `n spesifieke
periode te groei waarna ʼn galindeks evaluasie is gedoen om die gasheer status vir M. javanica te
bepaal en ʼn nematode ontleding gedoen is om die gasheer status vir C. xenoplax te bepaal. In die M.
javanica gasheer toetse was die galindeks van al die gewasse betekenisvol laer as die kontrole.
Nemat kan geklassifiseer word as ʼn swak gasheer vir M. javanica en het betekenisvol minder galle as
al die ander gewasse, behalwe die Hawer, waarvan dit nie betekenisvol verskil het nie. Nemat pas
dus goed in ʼn dekgewas program waar die doel is om die M. javanica populasie te onderdruk tydens
die groei van die gewas. ʼn Visuele inspeksie van die wortelstelsels is ook gedoen ten einde te bepaal
of die lewensiklus van M. javanica voltooi is. Wortelgalle en eiersakkies was teenwoordig in die
wortels van al die verskillende gewasse en larwes het uit die eiers uitgebroei. Dit dui aan dat M.
javanica daarin geslaag het om sy lewenssiklus op al die dekgewasse suksesvol te voltooi. Daar was
aansienlik minder eiersakke by Nemat en Hawer; wat hul swak gasheer status bevestig. In die
biotoetse vir die gasheerstatus van C. xenoplax het al die gewasse, behalwe Nemat, betekenisvol
laer C. xenoplax getalle, in vergelyking met die Tamatie behandeling, tot gevolg gehad. Die nematode
getalle was soortgelyk aan die kontrole (slegs geïnokuleerde grond), waar geen gewas in medium
geplant is nie, en dui dus aan dat die getalle op die verskillende gewasse nie vermeerder het nie. Die
Canola behandeling het die laagste C. xenoplax getalle gehad, gevolg deur Caliente 199. Hierdie
gewasse toon dus die meeste potensiaal om aangewend te word in 'n rotasie stelsel of dekgewas
program, waar die doel is om die C. xenoplax populasie te onderdruk. In Suid-Afrika is die aanwending van spesifieke eenjarige gewasse, as dekgewasse in
wingerde, reeds ʼn standaard praktyk met verskeie voordele. In veldproewe oor ʼn tydperk van drie jaar
(2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12) is Hawer, Wit mosterd, Canola, Caliente 199 en Nemat aangeplant as
dekgewasse in ʼn wingerd proefperseel. Die doel van die veldproewe was om die effek van
dekgewasse op die plantparasitiese nematodes, wanneer dit aangewend word as bioberokings
gewasse, te bepaal. Die gasheer status van die gewasse is ook ondersoek om te bepaal wat die effek
sal wees op die nematode getalle. Twee dekgewas bestuurspraktyke is toegepas; meganiese inwerk
van die dekgewasse in die bogrond (MC) en chemiese beheer van die dekgewasse (CC) en
nematode monsters is op verskillende tye in die werksry en in die wingerdry geneem. Hierdie
periodes sluit in April/Mei, voor die vestiging van die dekgewasse en 0, 15, 30 en 60 dae nadat die
bestuurspraktyk toegepas is. Die dekgewas se biomassa produksie is, op grond van die droë massa
produksie (DMP), in ton/ha gemeet, wat betekenisvol verskil het vir die verskillende dekgewas. Daar
het ook `n duidelike toename in DMP plaasgevind oor die drie seisoene vir meeste gewasse.
Gedurende die drie jaar periode het die Canola (CC) en Caliente 199 behandelings, gemeet 60 dae
na die bestuurspraktyk, ʼn konstante afname getoon in die C. xenoplax in die wingerd ry. Dieselfde
tendens het ook voorgekom gedurende hierdie periode in die totale plantparasitiese nematodes
teenwoordig in die wingerd ry. Daar is ook ʼn geleidelike afnemende tendens in die C. xenoplax in die
wingerd ry, oor die verskillende periodes 0, 15, 30 en 60 dae vir die drie opeenvolgende seisoene,
waargeneem. Hierdie resultate kan primêr toegeskryf word aan die gasheer status van die
dekgewasse, wat in die gasheer proewe as swak gashere vir C. xenoplax aangetoon is. Nog ʼn faktor
wat hier ʼn rol speel is die feit dat beide die Canola (CC) en die Caliente 199 (CC) ʼn toename in DMP
van meer as 2 ton, gedurende die drie jaar periode, gehad het; wat op sigself ook ʼn bydraende rol
kon speel. Wit mosterd (CC en MC) het oor die drie seisoene ʼn betekenisvolle verhoging in die C.
xenoplax populasie tot gevolg gehad, gebaseer op die 60 dae ontleding. Dieselfde tendens is ook
opgemerk vir die ander behandelings, onder andere Nemat (CC) en die onkruid en aalwurmdoder
(CC) behandeling. ʼn Baie positiewe resultaat na afloop van die drie seisoene is die feit dat daar nie ʼn
betekenisvolle verhoging in die Meloidogyne sp. populasie in die wingerdry, op grond van die 60 dae
onledings, plaasgevind het nie. Dit was ook die geval vir al die ander behandelings. Hierdie resultate
ondersteun die moontlikheid om hierdie bioberokings gewasse deel te maak van ʼn geïntegreerde
dekgewas benadering, sonder om in die proses die Meloidogyne sp. in die wingerd ry te verhoog.Master
Transformasie en die kerk die kerklike hantering van eietydse transformasie d.m.v. nywerheidsbediening
No full textThis study investigates the contemporary industrial, political and church transformation processes in order to indicate the existing defaults in the church's handling of change and to underline the important role of Industrial Ministry during transformation. The final findings inspired eventually the formulating of a work psychological model to support the church in the analysis and handling of the ongoing change within South Africa. The Practical Theology approach and the use of scientific research methods underlined the close relationship between the transformation processes which is accommodated as such.
The Industrial transformation is a world phenomena resulting from the industrial striving for a new economical dispensation and the strategic advancement of globalisation. This international process established a new national industrial dispensation causing enormous socio-economic problems. Political transformation stimulated this process by accommodating the international political developments since World War II, the political advances on the African continent and the final establishing of a new democratic political dispensation within South-Africa. The church reacted on both these developments with the accommodating Ecumenical Theology and the structuring of an own contextual theological approach to assist the socio-political developments. The reaction of the church to the Industrial process ended in a striving for church renewal and the structuring of a new Industrial Ministry structure and policy. Both these church reactions indicated the need for a new Industrial Ministry model to direct the church during its future dealing with the ongoing transformation processes.
The contents of existing international and the national Industrial Ministries were accommodated during the formulating of a new Industrial Ministry model with Word preaching and Christian counselling as the foundation of such a ministry. This was done to give a new dimension to Industrial Ministry and to assure a more workable church analysis of transformation. The final reflection on the findings of the study ended in a clear warning to the church to understand and to handle transformation properly or otherwise to suffer under some dire negative effects.
OPSOMMING
Hierdie studie ontleed die eietydse industriële, politieke en kerklike transformasieprosesse ten einde die kerklike hantering van hierdie eietydse gebeure sodanig te ontleed dat die kerklik-teologiese gebreke daarmee aangetoon en van daaruit die belangrike rol van Nywerheidsbediening tydens die kerklike hantering van transformasie duidelik sal word. Hierdie doelstelling lei eventueel tot die formulering van 'n Arbeidpsigologiese Nywerheidsbedieningsmodel waarmee die kerk transformasie beter kan ontleed, verstaan en hanteer. In die proses is die kerklike probleme tydens transformasie ontleed, 'n prakties- teologiese gerigtheid as 'n oplossing vir die bestaande knelpunte bepaal, die toepaslike wetenskaplike metodes vir die analisering van die transformasiegebeure omskryf en die noue relasie tussen die transformasieprosesse aanvaar.
Die industriële transformasieprosesse is as 'n wêreldgebeure tipeer omdat die nywerheidsomgewing planmatig 'n nuwe ekonomiese wêreldbedeling d.m.v. strategiese globaliseringsprosesse vestig. Vanuit hierdie soort aktiwiteite realiseer 'n nuwe binnelandse nywerheidsbedeling wat ingrypende invloede op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing uitoefen. Die politieke transformasieprosesse stimuleer die binnelandse veranderinge verder en wel omdat die politieke hantering van die internasionale politieke invloede sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, die politieke bevryding in Afrika en die bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse sosio-politieke probleme eventueel in 'n nuwe demokratiese politieke bestel uitkulmineer. Die kerk reageer op beide ontwikkelinge deur vanuit die Ekumeniese Teologie 'n eie Kontekstuele fokus te vestig waarmee politieke verandering in Suid-Afrika bevorder of teengestaan word. Naas hierdie politieke gerigtheid realiseer ook 'n fokus op die nywerheidsgebeure waartydens 'n kerklike vernuwingsproses en 'n nuwe kerklike Nywerheidsbedieningsbeleid uitkristaliseer. Vanuit laasgenoemde ontwikkel die behoefte na 'n beter Nywerheidsbedieningsmodel waarmee die kerk die voortgaande transformasieprosesse kan hanteer.
Met die ontwerp van die Arbeidpsigologiese model is beide internasionale gebruike en die bestaande Nywerheidsbedieningstruktuur en beleid benut. Van daaruit is die nuwe bedieningsmodel as 'n Woordgebeure en 'n spesifieke pastoraat omskryf in 'n poging om 'n noodsaaklike nuwe dimensie aan die kerklik-teologiese hantering van eietydse transformasie te verleen. Aan die einde geskied 'n refleksie oor die bevindinge en volg enkele waarskuwings oor die negatiewe kerklike resultate wat vanuit 'n foutiewe kerklik-teologiese die hantering van die eietydse transformasieprosesse sal realiseer.DTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY)Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theolog
Albany Rugby Football Club 1st XV, 1929
No full textAlbany Rugby Football Club 1st XV 1929. 1st XV - Season 1929, Winners of the Michau Cup and Birch Cup, trophy cup in front, Runners up Eastern Province Cup, Team photograph with rugby/football players, in rugby uniform, Rugby ball lying between two trophy cups, Players have arms crossed, Group photograph, Black and white photograph, Indoor photograph, Back Row: S. Bester, P. B. Norton, M. Ramsden, M. Ansley, F. Guest, G. B. Pohl, J. Dickason, Sitting: H. C. Loary, G. C. Mullins, J. Dold, H. Barber, G. Mullins, Insets: Eagleton, C. Mandy, C. F. Hydenrecht, J. P. Fahrenheim
Un visiteur de la côte ouest-africaine au XVIIe siècle, le capitaine de vaisseau Henri d'Estivalle
No full textA part of the report written in 1672 by Henri d'Estivalle, a French Royal Navy captain, after his return from an expedition on the Guinea coast, was published by R. Mauny in 1951. The Present article gives us various Details about the author of that document as well as the circumstances of his navigation. H. d'Estivalle was born at Saintes at an unknown date and died in 1673 at the battle of Texel. Royal captain in 1667, he was a member of the armed squadron that was sent to fight against the pirates of Salé in 1671 . With H. Michau, another royal captain, he left the squadron and went to the Guinea coast. Having gone at least as far as Ardres, he went back home in June 1672. The d'Estivalle-Michau expedition constitutes one of the episodes of the pro-french policy that was adopted by the leaders of Commendo, a small kingdom of the Gold coast, for a half century. D'Estivalle brought from there a young African noble who was educated in France at the expenses of the king. At the same time, H. Michau had taken on board his ship two emissaires from that kingdom. That expedition constitutes one of the first attempts to support, by show of military power, the officiai slave trade which was still at its beginning at Ardres.Une partie du rapport rédigé en 1672 par H. d'Estivalle, capitaine de la Marine royale française revenant d'une campagne à la côte de Guinée, fut publiée par R. Mauny en 1951. Le présent article fournit divers détails sur l'auteur de ce document et sur les circonstances de sa navigation. H. d'Estivalle, né à Saintes à une date inconnue, mourut à la bataille du Texel en 1673. Capitaine du roi en 1667, il fit partie de l'escadre armée contre les corsaires de Salé en 1671. En compagnie de H. Michau, autre capitaine du roi, il s'en détacha pour se rendre à la côte de Guinée. Après avoir poussé au moins jusqu'à Ardres, il rentra en métropole en juin 1672. La campagne d'Estivalle-Michau constitue une des péripéties de la politique pro-française que pratiquèrent, pendant un demi-siècle, les autorités de Commendo, petit royaume de la côte de l'Or. D'Estivalle en ramena un jeune noble africain qui fut instruit en France aux frais du roi. De son côté, H. Michau avait pris à son bord deux envoyés de ce même royaume. Cette même campagne constitue une des premières tentatives françaises d'appuyer, à Ardres, la traite négrière officielle, encore à ses débuts, par des démonstrations de puissance.Thilmans G., de Moraes N. I. Un visiteur de la côte ouest-africaine au XVIIe siècle, le capitaine de vaisseau Henri d'Estivalle. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 66, n°242-243, 1er et 2e trimestres 1979. pp. 149-161
Un visiteur de la côte ouest-africaine au XVIIe siècle, le capitaine de vaisseau Henri d’Estivalle
No full textA part of the report written in 1672 by Henri d’Estivalle, a French Royal Navy captain, after his return from an expedition on the Guinea coast, was published by R. Mauny in 1951. The present article gives us various details about the author of that document as well as the circumstances of his navigation.
H. d’Estivalle was born at Saintes at an unknown date and died in 1673 at the battle of Texel. Royal captain in 1667, he was a member of the armed squadron that was sent to fight against the pirates of Salé in 1671 . With H. Michau, another royal captain, he left the squadron and went to the Guinea coast. Having gone at least as far as Ardres, he went back home in June 1672.
The d’Estivalle-Michau expedition constitutes one of the episodes of the pro-french policy that was adopted by the leaders of Commendo, a small kingdom of the Gold coast, for a half century. D’Estivalle brought from there a young African noble who was educated in France at the expenses of the king. At the same time, H. Michau had taken on board his ship two émissaires from that kingdom.
That expedition constitutes one of the first attempts to support, by show of military power, the official slave trade which was still at its beginning at Ardres.Une partie du rapport rédigé en 1672 par H. d’Estivalle, capitaine de la Marine royale française revenant d’une campagne à la côte de Guinée, fut publiée par R. Mauny en 1951. Le présent article fournit divers détails sur l’auteur de ce document et sur les circonstances de sa navigation.
H. d’Estivalle, né à Saintes à une date inconnue, mourut à la bataille du Texel en 1673. Capitaine du roi en 1667, il fit partie de l’escadre armée contre les corsaires de Salé en 1671. En compagnie de H. Michau, autre capitaine du roi, il s’en détacha pour se rendre à la côte de Guinée. Après avoir poussé au moins jusqu’à Ardres, il rentra en métropole en juin 1672.
La campagne d’Estivalle-Michau constitue une des péripéties de la politique pro-française que pratiquèrent, pendant un demi-siècle, les autorités de Commendo, petit royaume de la côte de l’Or. D’Estivalle en ramena un jeune noble africain qui fut instruit en France aux frais du roi. De son côté, H. Michau avait pris à son bord deux envoyés de ce même royaume.
Cette même campagne constitue une des premières tentatives françaises d’appuyer, à Ardres, la traite négrière officielle, encore à ses débuts, par des démonstrations de puissance.Thilmans G., De Moraes Nize Isabel. Un visiteur de la côte ouest-africaine au XVIIe siècle, le capitaine de vaisseau Henri d’Estivalle. In: 2000 ans d’histoire africaine. Le sol, la parole et l’écrit. Mélanges en hommage à Raymond Mauny. Tome I. Paris : Société française d'histoire d'outre-mer, 1981. pp. 457-469. (Bibliothèque d'histoire d'outre-mer. Études, 5-6-1
Albany Rugby Football Club 1st XV, 1950
No full textAlbany Rugby Football Club 1st XV 1950, Winners Michau Cup and Birch Cup, Team photograph with rugby players, in rugby uniform, Group photograph, Indoor photograph, Black and white photograph, Players have arms crossed, President and Secretary wearing suit, Captain holding rugby ball with “1950” on it in his lap, Standing: K. Pike, B. Dold, L. Colyvas, R. Howard, D. Ford, H. Bowker, G. Bezuidenhout, J. Slater, Sitting: D. S. Nash, N. Heunis, E. B. Norton (Captain), M. J. Ansley (President), T. C. Mills (Vice-Captain), T. W. Mills, N. Hewitt (Secretary), In front: C. Lombard, A Tomlinson, Inset: H. Schooling
The impact of SASA!, a community mobilization intervention, on reported HIV-related risk behaviours and relationship dynamics in Kampala, Uganda.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV) violates women's human rights, and it is a serious public health concern associated with increased HIV risk. SASA!, a phased community mobilization intervention, engages communities to prevent IPV and promote gender equity. The SASA! study assessed the community-level impact of SASA! on reported HIV-related risk behaviours and relationship dynamics. METHODS: Data were collected as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted between 2007 and 2012 in eight communities in Kampala. An adjusted cluster-level intention to treat analysis, compares secondary outcomes in intervention and control communities at follow-up. The qualitative evaluation explored participants' subjective experience of SASA!. A total of 82 in-depth interviews were audio recorded at follow-up, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Men in intervention communities were significantly more likely than controls to report a broad range of HIV-protective behaviours, including higher levels of condom use (aRR 2.03, 95% CI 1.22-3.39), HIV testing (aRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-2.00) and fewer concurrent partners (aRR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97). They were also more likely to report increased joint decision-making (aRR 1.92, 95% CI 1.27-2.91), greater male participation in household tasks (aRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09-2.01), more open communication and greater appreciation of their partner's work inside (aRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.66) and outside (aRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.06) the home. For women, all outcomes were in the hypothesized direction, but effect sizes were smaller. Only some achieved statistical significance. Women in intervention communities were significantly more likely to report being able to refuse sex with their partners (aRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00-1.35), joint decision-making (aRR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06-1.78) and more open communication on a number of indicators. Qualitative interviews suggest that shifts operated through broader improvements in relationships, including increased trust and cooperation, participants' greater awareness of the connections between HIV and IPV and their resultant desire to improve their relationships. Barriers to change include partial uptake of SASA!, partner resistance, fear and entrenched previous beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: SASA! impacted positively on reported HIV-related risk behaviours and relationship dynamics at a community level, especially among men. Social change programmes focusing on IPV and gender equity could play an important role in HIV prevention efforts
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