974 research outputs found
Guide to Good Practice in using Open Source Compilers with the AGCC Lexical Analyzer
Get PDFQuality software always demands a compromise between users' needs and hardware resources. To be faster means expensive devices like powerful processors and virtually unlimited amounts of RAM memory. Or you just need reengineering of the code in terms of adapting that piece of software to the client's hardware architecture. This is the purpose of optimizing code in order to get the utmost software performance from a program in certain given conditions. There are tools for designing and writing the code but the ultimate tool for optimizing remains the modest compiler, this often neglected software jewel the result of hundreds working hours by the best specialists in the world. Even though, only two compilers fulfill the needs of professional developers, a proprietary solution from a giant in the IT industry, and the Open source GNU compiler, for which we develop the AGCC lexical analyzer that helps producing even more efficient software applications. It relies on the most popular hacks and tricks used by professionals and discovered by the author who are proud to present them further below.registers, dynamic linkage, cache, null pointers, tweaking
A LEXICOGRAPHER’S REMARKS ON SOME OF THE VOCABULARY DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES THAT LEARNERS OF ENGLISH HAVE TO COPE WITH – AND A FEW SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING A SERIES OF COMPLEX DICTIONARIES
Get PDFThe present paper aims at stressing the need for applied linguistics in dealing
with didactic and lexicographical instruments, not only in the traditional manner, but also – or
mainly – in the novel modalities suggested and allowed by the new information and communication
technologies, concepts and devices. Proceeding from the contrastive and didactic view of the lexicon
and the lexicographer’s task, and also taking advantage of the various models that good learner’s
dictionaries in use have already set, the author presents the main aspects involved by compiling a
complex, grammaticized Romanian-English dictionary – in fact, one of a larger series projected. In
such a complex / grammaticized Romanian-English dictionary, meant as a polyfunctional, flexible,
ready-to-use tool of learning, based on an interconnective approach blending the semantic
description proper and the grammatical regimen, every relevant item is explained in terms of
grammatical usage, and relevant diverging data about morphological markers and irregularities,
collocation and syntactic rules, pronunciation, spelling are provided, as well as a number of frequent
Romanian proper names with their English equivalents. To do that, an accessible code-system was
used. The material that was used as illustrations in the present approach was provided by the
author’s experience as a lexicographer and teacher. Similarly, the development is proposed of
interactive, software implements usable by advanced students, and also by translators and teachers of
ESL; such devices can be a valuable help, a kind of learn-while-working instruments, combining the
classical dictionary and the grammar manual, plus the efficiency and rapidity of modern ICT. After
mentioning and illustrating the main problems related to the lexicon within the field of TEFL (viz.
contrastive semantics, collocation, anomalous grammatical forms, divergent spelling and
pronunciation, divergent phraseological and syntactic structures, idiom, proper nouns, lexical and
semantic fields, synonymy and related terms), the author goes on to present the main priorities
implied by the complex dictionary mentioned above (which is ready for print), and then a synopsis of
the experience represented by the compilation of a pair of pocket-size bilingual dictionaries, and the
main aspects of the activity in the field of applied linguistics that is involved by the lexicographer’s
efforts. To this were added similar illustrations, the fruits of the author’s personal experience and
reflective writing, meant to provide part of the database usable for furthering this didactic endeavour
Microbial biodiversity and viral impact in benthic deep-sea ecosystems
Get PDFGli ambienti marini profondi ricoprono il 95% del globo terrestre e sono caratterizzati da basse temperature, assenza di luce ed elevate pressioni. Tra i sistemi marini profondi i più remoti e inesplorati sono le fosse adali, sistemi che possono superare gli 11000 m di profondità. Lo studio di questi ambienti estremi rappresenta una delle più grandi sfide della ricerca scientifica a causa delle difficoltà che si presentano nel raggiungerli. Questo studio fornisce i primi dati riguardanti l’impatto dei virus sui procarioti che abitano i sedimenti di tre tra le più profonde fosse oceaniche conosciute, Japan, Ogasawara e Mariana. In questo studio abbiamo esplorato il ruolo dei virus come agenti di mortalità procariotica, in grado di influenzare i cicli di C e nutrienti tramite la lisi cellulare dei loro ospiti contribuendo così al funzionamento delle reti trofiche microbiche e al funzionamento ecosistemico degli ambienti profondi. I nostri risultati rivelano che tutte le fosse adali qui investigate supportano elevate abbondanze e biomasse procariotiche favorendo alti tassi di lisi virale e stimolando il rilascio di materia organica resa così disponibile per le comunità bentoniche. Specialmente nella fossa Mariana la lisi virale è potenzialmente esercitata con maggiore pressione sui taxa microbici dominanti influenzando la struttura della rete trofica microbica e i cicli di C e N, e contribuendo così all’elevato metabolismo procariotico precedentemente riconosciuto in questi sistemi ultra abissali. Oltre alle interazioni microbiche, in questo studio è stata esplorata la diversità delle comunità procariotiche presenti nelle fosse investigate ed è stato determinato l’importante contributo della componente archaeale alla struttura di queste comunità. Il predominio di archaea ammonio-ossidanti suggerisce che i processi chemoautotrofici presentano un ruolo chiave per il funzionamento delle fosse adali. Inoltre, l’elevato numero di taxa, ritrovato specialmente nella fossa Japan, rivela che gli ecosistemi delle fosse adali possono rappresentare hot spot di diversità procariotica. In aggiunta, la presenza di taxa procariotici diffusi in habitat abissali bentonici suggerisce che le fosse adali sono solo parzialmente connesse agli ecosistemi bentonici circostanti.
In questo studio abbiamo anche investigato le risposte, su diverse scale temporali, delle comunità microbiche abissali (interazioni virus-procarioti e diversità batterica) all’impatto dell’attività di estrazione di risorse minerarie, che rappresenta una delle future minacce tra le più impattanti per questi ambienti. I risultati ottenuti indicano un aumento dei tassi d’infezione virale sulla componente batterica potenzialmente dovuto ad una cambiamento della composizione in specie di tale componente a seguito dell’attività di mining, anche molti anni dopo l’impatto e con potenziali conseguenze sui cicli biogeochimici e sul funzionamento ecosistemico bentonico
Complexity-preserving simulations among three variants of accepting networks of evolutionary processors
No full textIn this paper we consider three variants of accepting networks of evolutionary processors. It is known that two of them are equivalent to Turing machines. We propose here a direct simulation of one device by the other. Each computational step in one model is simulated in a constant number of computational steps in the other one while a translation via Turing machines squares the time complexity. We also discuss the possibility of constructing simulations that preserve not only complexity, but also the shape of the simulated network. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.This work was supported by the Academy of Finland, projects 132727, 122426, and 108421. F. Manea acknowledges the support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. J Sempere acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia project TIN2007-60769.Bottoni ., P.; Labella ., A.; Manea ., F.; Mitrana, V.; Petre ., I.; Sempere Luna, JM. (2011). Complexity-preserving simulations among three variants of accepting networks of evolutionary processors. Natural Computing. 10(1):429-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-010-9238-5S429445101Alhazov A, Bel Enguix G, Rogozhin Y (2009a) Obligatory hybridnetworks of evolutionary processors. In: International conference on agents and artificial intelligence (ICAART 2009), pp 613–618Alhazov A, Csuhaj-Varj E, Martn-Vide C, Rogozhin Y (2009b) On the size of computationally complete hybrid networks ofevolutionaryprocessors. Theor Comput Sci 410:3188–3197Bottoni P, Labella A, Manea F, Mitrana V, Sempere J (2009a) Filter position in networks of evolutionary processors does not matter: a direct proof. In: Proc. 15th international meeting on DNA computing and molecular programming. 8–11 June 2009, Fayetteville, ArkansasBottoni P, Labella A, Mitrana V, Sempere JM (2009b) Networks of evolutionary picture processors with filtered connections. In: Unconventional computation, 8th international conference (UC 2009), LNCS, vol 5715. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 70–84Castellanos J, Martín-Vide C, Mitrana V, Sempere J (2001) Solving NP-complete problems with networks of evolutionary processors. In: International work-conference on artificial and natural neural networks (IWANN 2001), Lecture notes in computer science, vol 2084, pp 621–628Csuhaj-Varjú E, Mitrana V (2000) Evolutionary systems: a language generating device inspired by evolving communities of cells. Acta Inform 36:913–926Csuhaj-Varjú E, Salomaa A (1997) Networks of parallel language processors. In: New trends in formal languages, Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1218, pp 299–318Dassow J, Truthe B (2007) On the power of networks of evolutionary processors. In: Machines, computations, and universality (MCU 2007), Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4667, pp 158–169Drăgoi C, Manea F (2008) On the descriptional complexity of accepting networks of evolutionary processors with filtered connections. Int J Found Comput Sci 19:1113–1132Drăgoi C, Manea F, Mitrana V (2007) Accepting networks of evolutionary processors with filtered connections. J Univers Comput Sci 13:1598–1614Errico L, Jesshope C (1994) Towards a new architecture for symbolic processing. In: Artificial intelligence and information-control systems of robots ’94, World Scientific, Singapore, pp 31–40Fahlman SE, Hinton GE, Seijnowski TJ (1983) Massively parallel architectures for AI: NETL, THISTLE and Boltzmann machines. In: Proc. of the national conference on artificial intelligence, pp 109–113Hillis W (1985) The connection machine. MIT Press, CambridgeManea F, Martin-Vide C, Mitrana V (2007) On the size complexity of universal accepting hybrid networks of evolutionary processors. Math Struct Comput Sci 17:753–771Margenstern M, Mitrana V, Perez-Jimenez M (2005) Accepting hybrid networks of evolutionary systems. In: DNA based computers 10, Lecture notes in computer science, vol, pp 235–246Martín-Vide C, Mitrana V (2005) Networks of evolutionary processors: results and perspectives. In: Molecular computational models: unconventional approaches. dea Group Publishing, Hershey, pp 78–114Păun G (2000) Computing with membranes. J Comput Syst Sci 61:108–143Păun G, Sântean L (1989) Parallel communicating grammar systems: the regular case. Ann Univ Bucharest Ser Matematica Inform 38:55–63Rozenberg G, Salomaa A (eds) (1997) Handbook of formal languages. Springer–Verlag, BerlinSankoff D et al. (1992) Gene order comparisons for phylogenetic inference: evolution of the mitochondrial genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6575–657
Extracellular DNA as a genetic recorder of microbial diversity in benthic deep-sea ecosystems
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A feasibility study to estimate global prevalence of intentional injuries impact on human communities
No full textNorman Manea: The condition of the éxilé
No full textAfter reading Norman Manea’s writings, one can notice that their major theme, that is, the main obsession of the author is the exile, as he has always considered himself an éxilé (exiled man), no matter where he happened to live. Both his fiction and his essays are autobiographical, speaking of the author’s traumatizing existential experiences: as a child, he faced the anti-Semitic laws culminating in the deportation in Transnistria, then the impossibility of re-integration in a still hostile society; as an adult, he suffered the trauma of yet another totalitarian regime (the communist dictatorship); and as an old man, that of the impossibility to adapt to the consumerist society that offered him refuge.La lectura de la obra de Norman Manea permite establecer que el tema fundamental de la misma, la obsesión principal del autor, es el exilio; que siempre se ha considerado a sí mismo un exiliado (éxilé), sin importar el lugar en el que haya tenido que vivir. Tanto sus escritos de ficción como los ensayísticos son autobiográficos, aludiendo a las experiencias traumáticas de su existencia: durante la infancia, ha de hacer frente a las leyes antisemitas que culminan con la deportación a Transnistria, y a partir de ahí la imposibilidad de reintegrarse en una sociedad aún hostil; como adulto, sufre el trauma de otro régimen totalitario (la dictadura comunista); en la senectud, la incapacidad de adaptarse a la sociedad consumista que le ha ofrecido refugio
ALPIDE for space applications: Power consumption
No full textALPIDE, a monolithic active pixel sensor developed for the ALIDE Inner Tracker upgrade, is studied as possible sensor unit for a space-borne particle tracker. The aspect of power consumption and heat dissipation is investigated
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