82 research outputs found
Integration of surface and subsurface data for the understanding of karst hydrogeology: caves as open windows to the water table
No full textKarst groundwaters are the main hydric supply in many countries of the world (Stevanovic, 2015), and
represent a precious resource to be protected and properly managed. They are extremely vulnerable to
pollution (Goldscheider & Drew, 2007; Ford & Williams, 2007; Parise & Gunn, 2007), since karst landforms
such as sinkholes are the preferential sites for pollutants entry, putting in direct contact the surface with
the vadose zone. Marine intrusion has to be added in coastal areas as a further source of contamination for
water quality (Masciopinto et al., 2017), locally with significant impact on society. A good knowledge of the
geological and hydrogeological features, obtained through collection of lithological, petrographic, structural,
geomorphological and hydrogeological data, is the necessary starting point to plan and develop the best
practices and actions toward protection of underground water resources. In karst, this can be reached through
integration of traditional geological approaches at the surface with direct exploration and surveying within the
caves, by means of speleological techniques (Liso et al., 2019, 2020; Parise et al., 2020). In Apulia, one of the
more extensive karst areas in the Mediterranean Basin, freshwater resources are stored within the fractured
and karstified limestones making up the backbone of the region (Maggiore & Pagliarulo, 2004; Cotecchia,
2014; Liso & Parise, 2020). However, in contrast with the high number of surface sinkholes, dolines and poljes
distributed over the Apulian karst landscape, among the over 2000 caves registered in the Regional Inventory,
only two directly reach the water table. They are therefore a sort of open windows to the water table, ideal sites
where to study hydrogeology. In this contribution we present our efforts, performed through direct explorations
and in cooperation with cavers, to combine surface/subsurface data to enrich the available information about
hydrogeology of Apulian karst systems, and to contribute to a better understanding of its main features
Modeling Stygofauna Resilience to the Impact of the Climate Change in the Karstic Groundwaters of South Italy
No full textWe predicted the global warming effects on the stygofauna of Murgia–Salento karstic groundwaters in Italy for 2050, which contribute to a biodiversity loss assessment in the climate change context. For quantitative impact estimations, we defined a local resilience score (LRS) for sampled species between 2018 and 2021. A resilience model equation of the stygobiont species conservation was obtained from a surface best-fit of the assigned LRS and the corresponding values of independent variables describing the environmental quality of monitored habitats and LRS. The principal components of the correlation between the monitored variables and LRS were obtained via factor analysis. Three-dimensional surface maps of stygofauna species resilience (SSR) were constructed to visualize and quantitatively compare the biodiversity loss of species assemblages owing to environmental and habitat quality modifications. The proposed SSR model was applied to the sampled stygofauna, and the decrease in local species resilience for 2050 was predicted. Independent variable factors were updated for 2050 to consider increases of up to 2 °C and 0.04 mS/cm in groundwater temperature and electric conductance observed for 2021. The SSR model results predicted a high impact on the resilience of Parastenocaris cf. orcina (80%), newly retrieved Crustacea Copepod Cyclopidae gen 1 sp 1, and three other stygobites (~50%). The resilience of Metacyclops stammeri had minor impacts
MODELING EFFICACY OF SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE) IN WASTE SITES POLLUTED BY HYDROCARBONS: A CASE STUDY
No full textAssessment of the impact of sea-level rise due to climate change on coastal groundwater discharge
No full textAn assessment of sea intrusion into coastal aquifers as a consequence of local sea-level rise (LSLR) due to climate change was carried out at Murgia and Salento in southern Italy. The interpolation of sea-level measurements at three tide-gauge stations was performed during the period of 2000 to 2014. The best fit of measurements shows an increasing rate of LSLR ranging from 4.4 mm/y to 8.8 mm/y, which will result in a maximum LSLR of approximately 2 m during the 22nd century. The local rate of sea-level rise matches recent 21st and 22nd century projections of mean global sea-level rise determined by other researchers, which include increased melting rates of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, the effect of ocean thermal expansion, the melting of glaciers and ice caps, and changes in the quantity of stored land water. Subsequently, Ghyben-Herzberg's equation for the freshwater/saltwater interface was rewritten in order to determine the decrease in groundwater discharge due to the maximum LSLR. Groundwater flow simulations and ArcGIS elaborations of digital elevation models of the coast provided input data for the Ghyben-Herzberg calculation under the assumption of head-controlled systems. The progression of seawater intrusion due to LSLR suggests an impressive depletion of available groundwater discharge during the 22nd century, perhaps as much as 16.1% of current groundwater pumping for potable water in Salento
La procedura dell'analisi di rischio sanitario ambientale applicata ai mezzi fdratturati e carsificati
No full textIMPATTO DELL’INNALZAMENTO DEL LIVELLO DEL MARE CAUSATO DAI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI SULLE FALDE COSTIERE
No full textL’innalzamento progressivo del livello del mare causato dai cambiamenti climatici sta compromettendo il deflusso naturale degli acquiferi costieri, peggiorando la qualità e quantità dell’acqua di falda contenuta in essa. In questo studio, ci proponiamo di valutare l’impatto dell’innalzamento locale del livello del mare (Local Sea Level Rise - LSLR) sulla riduzione del deflusso naturale di falda verso il mare, in particolare nell’area delle Murge e nella penisola salentina. A tal fine, sono stati interpolati i dati mareografici raccolti negli anni dal 2000 al 2014, da tre stazioni (Bari, Otranto e Taranto) dislocate lungo il tratto studiato della costa pugliese. L’interpolazione dei dati di innalzamento del mare misurato segue un trend positivo con un tasso di crescita prossimo 8,8 mm/anno. Il tasso si dimezza a 4,4 mm/anno nel caso di Otranto. Questo ha permesso di prevedere l’innalzamento massimo di 2 m del LSL, in un lungo periodo prossimo a 200 anni. Questa previsione d’incremento del LSL combacia con la previsione dell’innalzamento medio globale del livello del mare (GSL) nel 2200, stimato da altri ricercatori, in seguito ai cambiamenti climatici. In particolare tali previsioni considerano la fusione dei ghiacci della Groenlandia e dell’Antartide, l’effetto di espansione termica degli oceani indotto dall’innalzamento termico per l’effetto serra, lo scioglimento di ghiacciai e delle calotte di ghiaccio polari, includendo anche le variazioni dei volumi di acqua immagazzinata nel suolo. Nel presente lavoro è stata riscritta l’equazione di Ghyben-Herzberg, rappresentativa dell’interfaccia acqua di falda / acqua di mare, per valutare la riduzione del deflusso di falda conseguente all’innalzamento del livello del mare. I parametri utili per il calcolo con GhybenHerzberg sono forniti da simulazioni computerizzate del flusso di falda, assumendo condizioni al contorno a “carico controllato” (o Head Controlled System). Il modello digitale di elevazione della costa ricavato con tecnologia LiDAR (www.sit.puglia.it), è stato elaborato in ArcGIS per determinare l’arretramento locale del mare corrispondente a un massimo LSLR di 2 m. I risultati stimano una cospicua riduzione del deflusso naturale di falda che, fino al 2200, raggiunge il 16% della portata attualmente prelevata dalla falda carsica della penisola Salentina per approvvigionamenti potabili
Metodologie di valutazione del sovraccarico neve per la progettazione dei fabbricati rurali
No full textImpact of climate change on sea level rise and on groundwater availability
No full textAnewformulafordeterminingincreasingseaintrusionincoastalfracturedrockaquifersasaconsequenceoflocal sea level rise (LSLR) was presented. The formula was applied to the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), which is an important source of drinking water for locals and, it can be applied to any coastal groundwater at a regional scaleinordertoevaluatetheimpactofclimatechangeonlocalwaterresources.Moreovertheinterpolationoftidegauge measurements was performed at three monitoring stations from 2000 to 2014. The best fit of measurements provides a rate of LSLR ranging from 4.4 to 8.8 mm/y. This local calculated rate matches the recent 21st and 22nd century projections of mean global sea level rise. It includes the melting of Greenland and Antarctica’s ice sheets, the effect of seawater thermal expansion, glaciers and ice caps melting and changes in land water storage quantity.Thus,theGhyben-Herzberg’sequationoffreshwater/saltwaterinterfacepositionwasrewritteninorderto determine the decrease in groundwater discharge due to the maximum LSLR during the 21st and 22nd centuries. Results regarding the progress of seawater intrusion due to LSLR suggest an impressive depletion of available groundwater volume, which locally may achieve 15% of current pumping for drinking purposes from Salento’s groundwater. This reduction does not take into account groundwater impairment due to overexploitations. This study strongly suggests the need for a prompt actuation of measures in order to limit groundwater depletion in the near future
La ricarica naturale della falda idrica dell'acquifero costiero di Metaponto
No full textSi tratta di un acquifero poroso disposto lungo la costa ionica. E' costituito da depositi detritici ciottolosi, sabbiosi ed argillosi. La falda idrica è condizionata dalle incisioni fluviali, dai deflussi e dall'agricoltura. Sulla base di serie cronologiche di dati idrologici e idrogeologici si è applicato un modello matematico per simulare la ricarica naturale dell'acquifero, utilizzando la soluzione analitica di Hantush (1967). Uno studio di sensitività ha mostrato l'influenza di qualche parametro idrogeologico sull'innalzamento dei livelli piezometrici di faldaPublished399-4066A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorioN/A or not JCRope
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