2,085 research outputs found
Correction: A new potential for methylammonium lead iodide
No full textCorrection for ‘A new potential for methylammonium lead iodide’ by C. M. Handley et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 2313–2321.</p
PolyChord: next generation nested sampling
No full textPaper references:
John Skilling. Nested sampling for general bayesian computation. Bayesian analysis, 1(4):833–859, 2006.
D. Sivia and J. Skilling. Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial. Oxford science publications. OUP Oxford, 2006.
Feroz, Hobson, and Bridges. MULTINEST: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics. MNRAS, 398(4):1601–1614, Oct 2009.
F. Feroz and J. Skilling. Exploring multi-modal distributions with nested sampling. In American IoP Conference Series, volume 1553, pages 106–113, Aug 2013.
Michael Betancourt. Nested Sampling with Constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. In American IofP Conference Series, volume 1305, pages 165–172, Mar 2011.
Adam Moss. Accelerated Bayesian inference using deep learning. arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1903.10860, Mar 2019.
Joshua S Speagle. dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences. arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1904.02180, Apr 2019.
W. J. Handley, A. N. Lasenby, H. V. Peiris, and M. P. Hobson. Bayesian inflationary reconstructions from Planck 2018 data. PRD, 100(10):103511, Nov 2019.
Will Handley. Curvature tension: evidence for a closed universe. arXiv, 1908.09139, Aug 2019.
Hall, Thompson, Handley, and Queloz. On the Feasibility of Intense Radial Velocity Surveys for Earth-Twin Discoveries. MNRAS, 479(3):2968–2987, Sep 2018.
Gregory D. Martinez, James McKay, Ben Farmer, Pat Scott, Elinore Roebber, Antje Putze, and Jan Conrad. Comparison of statistical sampling methods with ScannerBit, the GAMBIT scanning module. European Physical Journal C, 77(11):761, Nov 2017.
Xi Chen, Farhan Feroz, and Michael Hobson. Bayesian automated posterior repartitioning for nested sampling. arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1908.04655, Aug 2019.
W. Handley and J. Alsing. Compromise-free Likelihood free inference. Bayesian analysis (In preparation), 2020.
Will Handley. anesthetic: nested sampling visualisation. JOSS, 4:1414, May 2019.
E. Higson, W. Handley, L Hobson, and A Lasenby. Dynamic nested sampling. Statistics and Computation, 29(5):891–913, Sep 2019.
Brendon J. Brewer and Daniel Foreman-Mackey. DNest4: Diffusive Nested Sampling in C++ and Python. arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1606.03757, Jun 2016.
Stefano Martiniani, Jacob D Stevenson, David J Wales, and Daan Frenkel. Superposition enhanced nested sampling. Physical Review X, 4(3):031034, 2014.
Philip Graff, Farhan Feroz, Michael P. Hobson, and Anthony Lasenby. BAMBI: blind accelerated multimodal Bayesian inference. MNRAS, 421(1):169–180, Mar 2012.
W. J. Handley, M. P. Hobson, and A. N. Lasenby. polychord: nested sampling for cosmology. MNRAS, 450:L61–L65, Jun 2015.
W. J. Handley, M. P. Hobson, and A. N. Lasenby. POLYCHORD: next-generation nested sampling. MNRAS, 453(4):4384–4398, Nov 2015.
K. Javid, W. J. Handley, M. P. Hobson, and L. Lasenby. Compromise-free Bayesian neural networks. Bayesian analysis (In preparation), 2020.
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Knowledge Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. A structured literature review
No full textPurpose – This paper aims to review and critique the knowledge management (KM) literature within
small and medium enterprises (SMEs), offers an overview of the state of research and outline a future
research agenda.
Design/methodology/approach – Papers published in KM journals are analysed using a structured
literature review methodology. The paper analyses 89 papers published in ten journals specialising in
the field of KM.
Findings – KM within SMEs is a research area of growing importance. Findings show that literature on
KM in SMEs is fragmented and dominated by unrelated research, with few comparative studies
between countries and several countries receiving little attention. Additionally, different definitions of
SMEs are used and different kinds of SMEs (e.g. micro, small and medium) are often treated as
equivalent, making comparison almost impossible. The results show a failure to address the
implications of findings for practitioners and policymakers, which risks relegating the KM research on
SMEs to irrelevance.
Originality/value – The paper presents a comprehensive structured literature review of the articles
published in KM journals. The paper’s findings can offer insights into future research avenues.
Keywords Small and medium enterprises, Knowledge management, Structured literature review,
Research relevanc
Chiroderma gorgasi Handley 1960
No full textChiroderma gorgasi Handley, 1960 Synonyms: Chiroderma gorgasi Handley, 1960: 464; type locality “ Tacarcuna Village, 3,200 ft., Río Pucro, Darién, Panama.” Chiroderma trinitatum gorgasi: Barriga-Bonilla, 1965: 246; name combination. Type Material. The type of C. gorgasi, USNM 309903, consists of a stuffed skin, skull and mandible, collected in Tacarcuna Village, Panamá, on March 6, 1959 by C. O. Handley and B. R. Feinstein (field number COHJR 5436). It is an adult male, captured in a mist net over water. The skin is in good condition with the facial and dorsal stripes observable in the specimen. The skull and mandible are in good condition and every tooth is present. The I1 have convergent tips. Distribution and Habitat. Specimens are known from Panamá, western Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador (Fig. 23), and there is a record from eastern Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al. 2020). The unconfirmed record for Costa Rica is based on a bat captured and released by R. LaVal in Tortuguero (Timm & LaVal 1998). Also in Costa Rica, Harvey & González-Villalobos (2007) reported the capture of 18 “ Chiroderma trinitatum ” in Talamanca, but we could not verify if there are voucher specimens to support this claim. The occurrence of the species in Costa Rica is expected, as C. gorgasi has been recorded in western Panamá and eastern Honduras (Handley 1966b; Turcios- Casco et al. 2020). The records of C. gorgasi are from the humid forests of the Chocó of Colombia, the Darién of Panamá, Caribbe- an lowland forests of Honduras, and montane forests of the Rio Magdalena valley in Colombia. The altitude where specimens have been obtained ranges from 30 m in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, to 975 m, in Tacarcuna, Panamá. There are Colombian records of the species occurring at 2,100 in Tolima and between 1,600 and 2,300 m in Risaralda (Galindo-Espinosa et al. 2010; Castaño et al. 2018). Description and Comparisons. Dorsal pelage may vary from pale to dark brown. Individual hairs of the dorsum are tricolored: the base is approximately ¼ of the hair length and dark brown, the middle band is approximately ½ of the length of the hair and varies from buff to pale gray, and the tip is about ¼ of the hair length and varies from pale to dark brown. Both pairs of facial stripes are conspicuous. The dorsal stripe is conspicuous in approximately half of the sample (47%, n=8); whereas, it is barely visible in nine specimens. The ear margins and base are paler than the remainder of the ear conch. The noseleaf has a simple tip, is brown in color, with pale margins on the horseshoe. Dimensions of the skull are similar to those of C. trinitatum, and the two species are the smallest Chiroderma (Tables 7 and 8). Braincase is globose, clearly distinguishable in profile from the frontonasal region. The sagittal crest is poorly developed and was not detected in 9 of the 17 specimens we scored for this character. The nasal notch is short and either does not reach the interorbital region, or extends only the level of the anterior border of the orbit. Similar to C. trinitatum, the post-orbital processes are rhomboid and not pointed as in the other Chiroderma. The posterior palatine process was absent in 13 of 15 specimens and in the other 2, the process was only a small bump. When cranium and mandible are in occlusion, a lateral gap is visible, bordered by C, P3, P4, p2 and p4. The I1s are convergent and their tips are usually in contact. The mandibular condyle is level with or slightly below the toothrow. The lower canines are relatively narrow and high-crowned, with the crown tip level with the top of the coronoid process, when viewed laterally. The p2 is in contact with c, but not with p4, or if not in contact with the lower canine, p2 may be either closer to the lower canine or equidistant from c and p4. The p2 usually is longer mesiodistally than high and the protoconid is shifted anteriorly, not aligned with the base of the tooth when viewed laterally (Fig. 27). Chiroderma gorgasi differs from every other Chiroderma, except C. trinitatum, by its smaller size and nasal notch usually not reaching the interorbital region. Comparisons with C. trinitatum were made in the previous section. Geographic Variation and Phylogeography. Sequences of three individuals of C. gorgasi were analyzed in the phylogeny, precluding making inferences on geographical structuring. Within-species variation was 1.04%, the second highest value in Chiroderma after C. villosum (1.17%). Subspecies. C. gorgasi is monotypic. Remarks. Handley (1960) described Chiroderma gorgasi based on five specimens from Panamá and one C. trinitatum from Trinidad, the type and only known specimen at the time. In the original description, Handley (1960: 465) suggested that, as the sample size increased, the two taxa could prove to be conspecific. Shortly after its description, C. gorgasi was treated as a subspecies of C. trinitatum, based on their morphological similarity (Barriga- Bonilla 1965; Jones & Carter 1976; Hall 1981). Simmons (2005) recognized a monotypic trinitatum with gorgasi as a junior synonym. Recently, Lim et al. (2020) recognized C. gorgasi as a distinct species, because it does not share a most recent common ancestor with C. trinitatum, and has distinguishing morphological characters. Natural History. C. gorgasi is a frugivore, specialized on fruits of Ficus (Bonaccorso 1979). Four species of fruits and infructescences have been recorded in the diet of C. gorgasi: Ficus popenoei, Piper aduncum, Solanum umbellatum, and Vismia sp. (Bonaccorso 1979; Castaño et al. 2018). The vertical distribution suggests that C. gorgasi is a canopy and sub-canopy frugivore, more frequently captured in nets between 3 and 12 m above ground (Bonaccorso 1979). The few reproductive data for the species suggest a pattern of seasonal polyestry. A pregnant female was captured in June in Colombia and lactating individuals were recorded in February and March in Panamá. Literature data for Panamá report pregnancies in February, May and between September and November; whereas lactating females are documented from May and September (Fleming 1973; Bonaccorso 1979). Births apparently occur toward the end of the dry season, between February and May, and in the middle of the rainy season, between July and September, when fruits are most abundant. Specimens Examined (N = 18): Colombia: Antioquia, La Tirana (IAvH-M 917, 934, 974, USNM 499475, 499477, 499479); Chocó, Corregimiento Gilgal (IAvH-M 4932), Finca El Recurso (IAvH-M 3260, 3299, 3323); Valle del Cauca, Río Zabaletas (USNM 483764). Panamá: Darién, Parque Nacional Darién (ROM 104342), Tacarcuna Village Camp (USNM 309902, 309903 [holotype of gorgasi], 309904); San Blas, Armila (USNM 335294, 335296, 335297).Published as part of Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Lim, Burton K. & Tavares, Valéria Da C., 2020, Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4846 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/401749
The colonial ascidian fauna of Fiordland, New Zealand, with a description of two new species
No full textFigure 4. Botrylloides leachii (NIWA 4998): (A) Zooid; (B1, B2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach; (C) ventral side of a zooid showing relative position of gonads. Scale bars: A, C 1 mm; B 0.5 mm.Published as part of Page, M.J., Willis, T.J. & Handley, S.J., 2014, The colonial ascidian fauna of Fiordland, New Zealand, with a description of two new species, pp. 1653-1688 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (27-28) on page 1659, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.896487, http://zenodo.org/record/519387
Consensus model of biofilm structure
No full textBiofilms have been defined in various ways by various researchers. The definition is usually structured to be all inclusive of the many environments that biofilms are found and disciplines that the subject covers. Characklis and Marshall (1990) define a biofilm as consisting of “cells immobilized at a substratum and frequently embedded in an organic polymer matrix of microbial origin”. A broader definition is supplied by Costerton et al. (1995) who defined biofilms as “matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces”. It might be easiest to define biofilms in terms of what they are not - single cells homogeneously dispersed in fluid, the well mixed batch culture of which much of contemporary microbiology is based. Structural organisation is a characteristic feature of biofilms which distinguishes biofilm cultures from conventional suspended cultures, with or without an association with an interface. Biofilm structure is a recurrent topic of discussion among biofilm researchers generally and has been featured in a number of presentations at the first two British Biofilm Club Gregynog meetings. Much discussion time has been spent in search of a “universal” conceptual biofilm model describing biofilm structure (Handley 1995). The existence of such a model is appealing but given the enormous diversity of biofilms is it possible to characterise all biofilms with a single conceptual model? And if we do agree on a working model how useful will such a model be? Possibly we should not restrict a biofilm model to certain structural constraints but instead look for common features or basic building blocks of biofilms which could be readily incorporated into different structural models in a modular fashion
Functionally diverse chemosynthetic bacteria in hydrothermal sediment, Santorini, Greece: geochemical implications (abstract of paper presented at: 17th Annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference Cologne, Germany August 2007)
No full textChiroderma scopaeum Handley 1966
No full text<i>Chiroderma scopaeum</i> Handley, 1966 <p>Synonyms:</p> <p> <i>Chiroderma</i> [sp.]: Anderson, 1960: 7.</p> <p> <i>Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</i> Handley, 1966a:297; type locality “ Pueblo Juárez, Colima, México.”</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> The type of <i>C. salvini scopaeum</i>, by original designation, is specimen USNM 338711, an adult female collected by Alfred L. Gardner (field number ALG 1565) in Pueblo Juaréz, Mexican state of Colima, on August 19, 1960. The specimen was previously stored in the University of Arizona collection, under the number 7952. The material consists of a stuffed skin with skull and mandible separated. The skin is in good condition, and both pairs of facial stripes are visible. The median dorsal stripe is also visible and located immediately posterior to the nape and extending to the posterior extremity of the animal. The auditory bullae have separated from the skull and upper inner incisors are missing. The posterior palatine process is absent.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and Habitat.</b> We consider <i>C. scopaeum</i> to be restricted to México, west of the isthmus of Tehuantepec (Fig. 11). The species has been recorded in the states of Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, México, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz, and Oaxaca (Anderson 1960; Handley 1966a; Crossin <i>et al.</i> 1973; Alvarez & Alvarez-Castañeda 1996; Valiente-Banuet <i>et al.</i> 1997). Hall (1981) suggests that <i>C. scopaeum</i> would occur from western México to northwestern Costa Rica, and based on this distribution Reid & Langtimm (1993) identified specimen USNM 565812 as <i>C. salvini scopaeum</i>. The morphological characters of the specimen, however, have allowed us to identify it as <i>C. salvini</i>.</p> <p> Records of <i>C. scopaeum</i> are from areas dominated by tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, dry deciduous forests at higher elevations, and shrubby vegetation at lower elevations. Studies suggest that in the arid areas of western México, the species would be restricted to the more humid areas close to the Pacific coast and adjacent montane forests, and along the riparian forests in the canyons that cut through the Sierra Madre Occidental (Anderson 1960, 1972; Crossin <i>et al.</i> 1973; García-Mendoza & López-González 2013). All analyzed specimens were collected within the altitudinal range of the species as reported by Handley (1966a), from sea level to 1,722 m.</p> <p> <b>Description and Comparisons.</b> Dorsal pelage varies from pale brown to dark brown. Most of the 38 specimens examined had pale brown pelage (84.2%, n=32), whereas dark brown pelage was found in 15.8% (n=6). Individually, dorsal hairs are tricolored, with a dark brown base, buff middle band, and light to dark brown tips. The medial dorsal stripe was present in all specimens (n=34), but was weakly developed in 5.8% of the sample (n=2). Usually, the dorsal stripe extends from the interscapular region to the posterior extremity of the body, but in 10 specimens the stripe originated in the region immediately posterior to the nape. Both pairs of facial stripes are bright and wide (interocular stripe> 1.7 mm). The tragus and base of the ears are yellowish, as are the anterior and posterior margins of the ears close to the base. The remainder of the ear is brown. The spear of the noseleaf has a simple tip and is brown, except for the lateral margins of the horseshoe, which are whitish.</p> <p> The dimensions of the skull of <i>C. scopaeum</i> are similar to those of <i>C. villosum</i>, and there is also some overlap between the large <i>C. scopaeum</i> and the small <i>C. doriae vizottoi</i> and <i>C. salvini</i> (Tables 7 and 8). In dorsal view, the brain case is round and less massive than in <i>C. salvini</i>. Approximately ⅓ of the length of the nasal notch extends behind the anterior margin of the orbits. The post-orbital constriction is relatively wide (Table 7); post-orbital processes are small and pointed. A sagittal crest was unambiguously present in 32 of the 38 specimens (84.2%), but not detected in 2 (5.2%), or ambiguous in 4 (10.5%). The posterior palatine process was absent in 32 of the 38 analyzed specimens (83.8%), but small or vestigial in the remaining 6 (16.2%).</p> <p>Out of 35 specimens, 30 (85.7%) had convergent I1s, with the tips touching each other; whereas, 5 had both incisors separated along their entire length. The P3 is approximately oval in occlusal outline and is not in contact with P4. The M2 has well defined main cusps, but lacks a posterolingual cingulum. The lower canine has a relatively low crown, below the level of the coronoid process in lateral view. The anterior cingulum of the lower canine projects rostro-medially and is visible in lateral view (Fig. 17). The p2 is small, approximately ¼ of the height of p4; and is longer than tall and does not touch p4.</p> <p> Compared with <i>C. salvini</i>, <i>C. scopaeum</i> can be distinguished by its smaller size, usually paler dorsal pelage (varying from pale brown to dark brown). <i>C. scopaeum</i> has a relatively broader post-orbital constriction (Fig. 12), and rostro-medially projected cingula of lower canines (Fig. 17).</p> <p> From <i>C. villosum</i>, <i>C. scopaeum</i> can be differentiated by its bicolored noseleaf and spear having a simple tip; paler ear margins; shorter nasal notch (in <i>villosum</i> the notch reaches the post-orbital processes); shorter orbits (in <i>villosum</i> the anterior margin is in line with the middle of P4); I1s with convergent tips (usually parallel in <i>villosum</i>); relatively short lower canine (in <i>villosum</i> the tip of the lower canine is at approximately the same level as the coronoid process); and absence of a frontal gap when cranium and mandible are in occlusion (in <i>villosum</i> there is a frontal gap delimited by C, I1–2, and i1–2).</p> <p> The subspecies <i>C. d. vizottoi</i> differs from <i>C. scopaeum</i> by having pale buff pelage, and larger size (Table 7). The p2 of <i>C. d. vizottoi</i> is larger, about ½ to ⅔ of the height of p4, while in <i>C. scopaeum</i>, p2 is approximately ¼ the height of p4.</p> <p> <b>Geographic Variation and Phylogeography.</b> A clade, here identified as <i>scopaeum</i>, contains six specimens of <i>Chiroderma</i>, of which five were analyzed morphologically (Fig. 16). The two specimens from México (TTU 109703 and TTU 110649) are phenotypically similar to the taxon we defined here as <i>Chiroderma scopaeum</i>, whereas specimens from Panamá (LSUMZ 25470), El Salvador (TTU 62462), and Guatemala (ROM 99703) have the diagnostic characters of <i>Chiroderma salvini</i>. The specimens morphologically diagnosed as <i>salvini</i> that nested in the <i>scopaeum</i> clade may represent a case of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), a relatively common phenomenon in recently-diverged taxa (Maddison & Knowles 2006). To test the ILS hypothesis between <i>C. salvini</i> and <i>C. scopaeum</i>, we recommend increasing the genetic sample of <i>Chiroderma</i> from western México, and obtaining additional genomic information such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. Also, it is important to note that no specimens, morphologically diagnosed as <i>scopaeum</i>, are nested in the <i>salvini</i> clade, which contains sequences from Central and South American specimens.</p> <p> <b>Subspecies.</b> <i>C. scopaeum</i> is monotypic.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Anderson (1960) mentioned a record of <i>Chiroderma</i> from Chihuahua, western México, that at the time would considerably increase the known distribution of the genus, suggesting an undescribed species for the region. Based on a larger sample size, Handley (1966a) described the subspecies <i>Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</i>, then considered a smaller variant of <i>C. salvini salvini</i>. In this study, we consider the morphological, genetic, and biogeographic evidence as sufficiently strong to treat <i>scopaeum</i> as a species distinct from <i>salvini</i>, instead of as a geographic variant, or subspecies.</p> <p> <b>Natural History.</b> Information on the diet of <i>C. scopaeum</i> is scarce. In Tahuacán, Puebla, one individual was observed visiting the flowers of the columnar cactus <i>Pachycereus weberi</i> (Pachyceraceae), but the bat was not covered in pollen (Valiente-Banuet <i>et al</i>. 1997). In Sinaloa, <i>C. scopaeum</i> was captured in mist nets set under fruiting fig trees. In Jalisco, mist nets over a stream and under a canopy formed by wild figs and other trees also caught <i>C. scopaeum</i> (Jones <i>et al.</i> 1972; Watkins <i>et al.</i> 1972). Specimens have been captured in altered landscapes, such as cornfields (Almazán-Catalán <i>et al.</i> 2009).</p> <p> Summarizing data from the literature, along with the specimens we examined, <i>C. scopaeum</i> appears to be seasonally polyestrous. Pregnancies occurred in January (Sinaloa), February (Jalisco), and June (Jalisco and Nayarit) (Jones <i>et al.</i> 1972; Watkins <i>et al.</i> 1972). Lactating females have been found in May (Morelos) and June (Nayarit and Jalisco) (Watkins <i>et al.</i> 1972). Females noted as non-reproductive were recorded in July (Chihuahua; Anderson 1972) and August (Colima; Wilson 1979).</p> <p> <b>Specimens Examined</b> (N = 35): <b>México</b>: <i>Colima</i>, La Sidra (TTU 61623), Pueblo Juárez (USNM 338711 [holotype of <i>scopaeum</i>]); <i>Jalisco</i>, 20 km SW Talpa de Allende (AMNH 254647), 9.3 km W Chapala (TTU 38049), 6.4 km NW Autlán de Navarro (TTU 109703), La Cumbre (TTU 40987); <i>Morelos</i>, Oaxtepec (USNM 559607); <i>Nayarit</i>, 12.9 km NE San Miguel del Zapote, 51.5 km W Mesa del Nayar (USNM 559608–559613), 13 km NE San Blas (TTU 110649), 5 km E El Venado (USNM 559614, 559615), 12.9 km E San Blas (TTU 6122), Arroyo La Taberna,, 3.2 km W Mesa del Nayar (USNM 511374–511377), 2.9 km NE (by road), Coapan (USNM 511380–511382), 2.3 km N (by road), El Tacote (USNM 508636), 3.2 km E Jalcotoán (USNM 523258, 523259), Mesa del Nayar (USNM 511378, 511379), Playa Novillero (USNM 553885); <i>Oaxaca</i>, 30 km NW Sala de Veja (AMNH 190006); <i>Veracruz,</i> Ojo de Agua del Rio Atoyac (TTU 9996–9999).</p>Published as part of <i>Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Lim, Burton K. & Tavares, Valéria Da C., 2020, Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4846 (1)</i> on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4017497">http://zenodo.org/record/4017497</a>
Lineage-specific energy and carbon metabolism of sponge symbionts and contributions to the host carbon pool
No full textMarine sponges host a wide diversity of microorganisms, which have versatile modes of carbon and energy metabolism. In this study we describe the major lithoheterotrophic and autotrophic processes in 21 microbial sponge-associated phyla using novel and existing genomic and transcriptomic datasets. We show that the main microbial carbon fixation pathways in sponges are the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle (energized by light in Cyanobacteria, by sulfur compounds in two orders of Gammaproteobacteria, and by a wide range of compounds in filamentous Tectomicrobia), the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (used by Nitrospirota), and the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle (active in Thaumarchaeota). Further, we observed that some sponge symbionts, in particular Acidobacteria, are capable of assimilating carbon through anaplerotic processes. The lithoheterotrophic lifestyle was widespread and CO oxidation is the main energy source for sponge lithoheterotrophs. We also suggest that the molybdenum-binding subunit of dehydrogenase (encoded by coxL) likely evolved to benefit also organoheterotrophs that utilize various organic substrates. Genomic potential does not necessarily inform on actual contribution of autotrophs to light and dark carbon budgets. Radioisotope assays highlight variability in the relative contributions of photo- and chemoautotrophs to the total carbon pool across different sponge species, emphasizing the importance of validating genomic potential with physiology experimentation
All hands on deck: An innovative approach to sustained and sustainable conservation funding for endangered plants and ecosystems
No full textThe Red List Project (TRLP) was founded in 2018 as an NGO [501(c)(3)], dedicated to preventing the extinction of the world's most endangered plant species and to protecting biodiversity hotspots. This approach is highlighted by an ongoing partner ship between TRLP, independent fragrance house Baruti Perfumes and the University of Palermo, to prevent the extinction of the Viola ucriana Erben and Raimondo, critically endangered. This violet is restricted to the slopes of Mt Pizzuta in the Serre della Pizzuta Nature Reserve in Sicily (Italy), between 950 and 1300 m s.l.m., where it grows in xeric prairies and is threatened by factors partly related to human disturbance (e.g., fires, grazing, etc.)
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