600 research outputs found
Célibat (le). L'homme sans compagne. La femme sans compagnon. Ed. par les soins de Robert Gubbels.
No full textC. H. Célibat (le). L'homme sans compagne. La femme sans compagnon. Ed. par les soins de Robert Gubbels. In: Population, 30ᵉ année, n°4-5, 1975. p. 938
Ultracold quantum fields
No full textReview of a book of the same title by H. T. C. Stoof, K. B. Gubbels and D. B. M. Dickersheid, Springer, Dordtrecht, 200
2‑D Molecular Alloy Ru–M (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Catalysis, and Computational Studies
No full textThe reactions of
[HRu3(CO)11]− (1) with M(I) (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) compounds such as
[Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4], AgNO3, and Au(Et2S)Cl afford the 2-D molecular alloy clusters
[CuRu6(CO)22]− (2), [AgRu6(CO)22]− (3), and [AuRu5(CO)19]− (4), respectively. The reactions of 2–4 with PPh3 result in mixtures of products, among which
[Cu2Ru8(CO)26]2– (5), Ru4(CO)12(CuPPh3)4 (6), Ru4(CO)12(AgPPh3)4 (7), Ru(CO)3(PPh3)2 (8), and HRu3(OH)(CO)7(PPh3)3 (9) have been isolated
and characterized. The molecular structures of 2–6 and 9 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray
diffraction. The metal–metal bonding within 2–5 has been computationally investigated by density functional theory
methods. In addition, the [NEt4]+ salts of 2–4 have been tested as catalyst precursors for transfer
hydrogenation on the model substrate 4-fluoroacetophenone using iPrOH as a solvent and a hydrogen source
Het ontmenggebied in de vloeibare fase van het systeem gallium-kwik-indium
No full textApplied SciencesApplied Science
Metabolic fluxes at the interface of glycolysis and TCA cycle in saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textApplied Science
Evaluation of two new high-sensitivity methods for C-reactive protein
No full textEvaluation of two new high-sensitivity methods for C-reactive protein. Rothkrantz-Kos S, Bekers O, Gubbels A, Drent M, Schmitz MP, van Dieijen-Visser MP. Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. BACKGROUND: The implementation of a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay as a routine laboratory parameter may be necessary. It would be most practical to use one CRP method giving reliable results for the whole concentration range. We report here the evaluation of two new hs-CRP methods, which cover both the low and the high concentration ranges. METHODS: The BN ProSpec hs-CRP (Dade Behring) and Synchron LX 20 PRO hs-CRP methods were compared with the existing hs-CRP IMMAGE method (taken as a reference) and, for the high concentration range, also with the routine Synchron LX 20 CRP method (all from Beckman). Agreement among methods was examined for 521 samples. Reference values were estimated in 291 blood donors. Additionally, the influence of sample turbidity, a major problem of the present Synchron LX20 CRP method, was evaluated. RESULTS: Measurement of CPR by the BN ProSpec was linear down to 0.2 mg/L, whereas the linearity of Synchron LX20 PRO showed some systematic discrepancies. Over the whole measured range (0.2-250 mg/L), precision (coefficient of variation, CV) was < or =3.7% for the BN ProSpec and < or =6.1% for the LX20 PRO. The Synchron LX20 PRO hs-CRP method was found to be superior to the current routine Synchron LX20 CRP method with regard to precision in the low concentration range and the influence of sample turbidity. Both in the low concentration range and especially in the high concentration range, large discrepancies between methods were observed. CONCLUSION: Although acceptable performance was found for the Synchron LX20 PRO hs-CRP method, overall the performance of the BN ProSpec hs-CRP method was superior. However, standardization among assays needs further improvement in both the low and the high concentration ranges
Malic Acid Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Engineering of Pyruvate Carboxylation, Oxaloacetate Reduction, and Malate Export
No full textMalic acid is a potential biomass-derivable "building block" for chemical synthesis. Since wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produce only low levels of malate, metabolic engineering is required to achieve efficient malate production with this yeast. A promising pathway for malate production from glucose proceeds via carboxylation of pyruvate, followed by reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. This redox- and ATP-neutral, CO(2)-fixing pathway has a theoretical maximum yield of 2 mol malate (mol glucose)(-1). A previously engineered glucose-tolerant, C(2)-independent pyruvate decarboxylase-negative S. cerevisiae strain was used as the platform to evaluate the impact of individual and combined introduction of three genetic modifications: (i) overexpression of the native pyruvate carboxylase encoded by PYC2, (ii) high-level expression of an allele of the MDH3 gene, of which the encoded malate dehydrogenase was retargeted to the cytosol by deletion of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, and (iii) functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate transporter gene SpMAE1. While single or double modifications improved malate production, the highest malate yields and titers were obtained with the simultaneous introduction of all three modifications. In glucose-grown batch cultures, the resulting engineered strain produced malate at titers of up to 59 g liter(-1) at a malate yield of 0.42 mol (mol glucose)(-1). Metabolic flux analysis showed that metabolite labeling patterns observed upon nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of cultures grown on (13)C-labeled glucose were consistent with the envisaged nonoxidative, fermentative pathway for malate production. The engineered strains still produced substantial amounts of pyruvate, indicating that the pathway efficiency can be further improved.BiotechnologyApplied Science
Married, Unmarried Cohabitants, (Multiple) Parents and(Step) Children in Tax Law in the Netherlands and Europe
No full textSociety has changed considerably over the past fifty years. Whereas before, most people got married, had several children during the marriage and divorce was still relatively rare, currently, there is much more diversity with different forms of cohabitation. Although this trend is present throughout Europe, there is a large difference in the pace and manner in which the new patterns of society are manifesting themselves there. This article indicates that the same applies to the fiscal recognition of unmarried cohabitants and stepchildren from a married couple and an unmarried couple (‘informal’ stepchildren).In the Netherlands, married and unmarried couples are now treated entirely the same for income, gift, and inheritance tax purposes. This also applies to formal and informal stepchildren. In a European context, the Netherlands is therefore leading the way in recognizing nontraditional cohabitation variants in tax legislation. With this article, the author not only discusses the tax treatment in various European countries but also the possible arguments for (not) equating them. The author hopes to contribute to the discussion of whether extra-marital cohabitation and other related relationships should be treated in the same way for tax purposes as relationships that arise through marriage
Anodization of aluminium: Atomic simulations of the initial process steps
No full textIn order to get a better control over the anodization process of aluminium, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of the process at an atomic scale. In order to achieve this, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the reactions taking place during the initial formation of an anodic oxide layer, and to determine the influence of the electric field strength, temperature and environment on these reactions and the ion movement in the oxide layer. Simulations are performed regarding the oxidation of aluminium in an atomic oxygen environment under the influence of an external electric field, regarding the anodization of aluminium in water, in an oxalic acid solution and in an ammonium tartrate solution. It was found that applying a higher electric field strength only significantly influences the oxide thickness if this electric field strength is higher than a certain critical value. A higher temperature lowers this critical value. In an ammonium tartrate solution the tartrate ions assist in the formation of an oxide layer, leading to a thicker layer at a lower field strength as compared with anodization in pure water. To improve the modelling of the anodization process the charge equilibration procedure should be adjusted for a more realistic description of the charges and, with that, a more realistic description of the reactions that take place during the anodization process.Mechanical Engineering, track Materials Engineering and ApplicationsMaterials Science & EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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