1,156 research outputs found
Cytoplasmic TERT Associates to RNA Granules in Fully Mature Neurons: Role in the Translational Control of the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p15INK4B
No full textThe main role of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) is to protect telomere length from shortening during cell division. However, recent works have revealed the existence of a pool of TERT associated to mitochondria, where it plays a role in survival. We here show that in fully differentiated neurons the largest pool of cytoplasmic TERT associates to TIA1 positive RNA granules, where it binds the messenger RNA of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p15INK4B. Upon stress, p15INK4B and TERT dissociate and p15INK4B undergoes efficient translation, allowing its pro-survival function. These results unveil another mechanism implicated in the survival of fully differentiated neurons. © 2013 Dotti et al.Flanders Fund for Scientific Research (FWO G 0.666.10N); NEUROBRAINNET IAP 7/16; Flemish Government Methusalem Grant; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Ingenio-Consolider CSD2010-00064 and SAF2010-14906.Peer Reviewe
Two hearts and a loan? Mortgages, employment insecurity and earnings among young couples in six European countries
No full textHomeownership is increasingly understood by policy makers and social scientists as a fundamental asset against poverty risks, especially in times of economic uncertainty. However, in several Western countries, homeownership among younger generations appears to be increasingly difficult to achieve, likely a result of growing employment instability and stringent criteria to access credit. This article uses multinomial logistic models and nationally representative EU-SILC data from six European countries to examine (a) to what extent precarious employment among young couples is linked to being a mortgage holder; (b) whether earned income can compensate for employment instability in being a mortgagee; (c) cross-national differences in the relationship between being a mortgage holder, earnings, and employment insecurity. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of employment insecurity, the lower the chances of being a mortgage holder in all countries. Moreover, we find that at a given level of employment insecurity, households with higher levels of earned income have higher chances of being mortgage holders than households with lower earned income. However, while earned income has a stronger effect in achieving a mortgage among couples who have secure employment in Italy, earnings are more important among couples with lower levels of employment security in France, the UK, Spain and Poland. These results suggest that the relationship between social inequalities and housing is partially mediated by the national context
Sorveglianza ambientale di Legionella pneumophila in 13 residenze di lungo degenza del Nord Italia e confronto tra metodi di trattamento diversi
No full textIntroduzione: La sorveglianza ambientale di Legionella pneumophila è iniziata in due strutture sanitarie dedicate all’assistenza e riabilitazione residenziale nel 2005, a cui successivamente se ne sono aggiunte 11, sempre afferenti alla Fondazione Sacra Famiglia e ospitanti circa 2500 tra minori e adulti disabili mentali e anziani. Ogni sede ha peculiarità proprie: i pazienti ospitati presentano disabilità diverse tra loro, con gravità differenti; le strutture sanitarie sono state costruite in blocchi unici o separati, con impianti idrici modificati e ampliati nel tempo.
Scopo del lavoro è analizzare i dati della sorveglianza effettuata negli anni, confrontando i risultati prima e dopo il trattamento a biossido di cloro (5 sedi) e monoclorammina (2 sedi).
Metodi: I campionamenti sono normalmente semestrali, con incremento della frequenza in caso di positività elevate.
I campioni di acqua sono stati analizzati secondo la norma “ISO 11731-2_2004 Water quality – Detection and enumeration of Legionella part 2: Direct membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial counts”.
I risultati pre e post-trattamento sono stati analizzati calcolando numero di campioni positivi e negativi per sede, valore massimo, minimo e mediano in Unità Formanti Colonie/Litro (UFC/L), positività e distinzione per sierogruppo 1, 2-14 o Legionella sp. in percentuale.
Risultati: I risultati si riferiscono a 1645 campioni nelle 13 sedi, nel 51,8% di essi le analisi risultano “Not detected” , il 36% è sino a 100UFC/L, il 7% tra 101-1000UFC/L, il 5% tra 1001-10000UFC/L, 0,2% superiore a 10000UFC/L.
In generale, tutte le sedi trattate, sia con biossido che con monoclorammina, evidenziano una diminuzione delle positività e delle concentrazioni di Legionella pneumophila; ad esempio, tra quelle trattate a biossido (0,02-0,57mg/L), la sede 1, con il sistema idrico più vetusto e articolato, passa dall’86% di positività (mediana 310UFC/L) con 22% sierogruppo 1, 72% sierogruppo 2-14, a 28% di positività (mediana 0UFC/L) con 26% sierogruppo 1 e 68% sierogruppo 2-14. Si osserva una situazione abbastanza sovrapponibile nelle sedi 3 e 12, ma non nella sede 9 dove oltre a diminuire le positività totali decrementano anche le percentuali del sierogruppo 1 (12,5 vs 7,5). Nella sede 7, dove gli isolati appartenevano tutti al sierogruppo 1, continua a mantenersi questa dominanza.
Per quanto riguarda le sedi trattate a monoclorammina (1-3,34mg/L), nella sede 11 si passa dal 77% di positività totali (mediana 450UFC/L) al 31% in generale (mediana 0UFC/L) con la dominanza del sierogruppo 2-14 in tutti gli isolati analizzati. La sede 13, entrata per ultima nella sorveglianza, con due sole serie di analisi, passa dal 29% di positività (100% sierogruppo 1) a nessuna positività nel post trattamento.
Conclusioni: La sorveglianza ha permesso di evidenziare anomalie nei sistemi di trattamento in diverse occasioni. Entrambi i trattamenti permettono sia la diminuzione dei punti di prelievo positivi sia la loro contaminazione relativa. Dalla serie di dati presentati, la relazione tra tipo di disinfettante e dominanza/prevalenza del sierogruppo di Legionella pneumophila non sempre è sovrapponibile. Ulteriori studi molecolari saranno effettuati su acque trattate per verificare la presenza di microrganismi vitali ma non coltivabili e sui ceppi isolati da acque trattate per indagarne la resistenza
Within-couple distribution of economic resources : A critical review of extant studies and avenues for future research
No full textThe distribution of economic resources in couples has been widely researched in both economics and sociology since the 1960s. This article reviews the two lines of research starting from unitary models of behavior and encompassing bargaining theory, the relative resource approach, collective goods and transaction cost theory. Furthermore, we contribute to the literature by suggesting ways of enhancing classic theories through new perspectives. Specifically, we discuss how (a) preferences, (b) macro-level characteristics such as institutional and economic conditions, and (c) meso-level factors like networks and extended families, can deepen our understanding of how economic resources are allocated within couples. Finally, we argue that to overcome the idealized vision of social reality, typical of mainstream research on intra-household financial sharing, it is crucial to incorporate the variation of experiences of contemporary families − in terms of socio-demographic characteristics such as class, race, sexual orientation, partnership type or children − into future studies on intra-household distribution of economic resources
National attitudes as a barrier to European citizenship rights? The case of parenthood, partnership and social rights across diverse family forms
No full text
Black hole nonmodal linear stability : odd perturbations of Reissner-Nordström
No full textArtículo finalmente publicado en: Fernández Tío, J. M. y Dotti, G. D. (2017). Black hole nonmodal linear stability under odd perturbations: the Reissner-Nordström case. Physical Review D, 95 (12), 124041. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.124041Fil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Following a program on black hole nonmodal linear stability initiated in Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 191101, we study odd linear perturbations of the Einstein-Maxwell equations around a Reissner-Nordström (A)dS black hole. We show that all the gauge invariant information in the metric and Maxwell field perturbations is encoded in the spacetime scalars F = δ(F∗ αβ F αβ ) and Q = δ( 1/ 48 C∗ αβγδ Cαβγδ ), where Cαβγδ is the Weyl tensor, Fαβ the Maxwell field, a star denotes Hodge dual and δ means first order variation, and that the linearized Einstein-Maxwell equations are equivalent to a coupled system of wave equations for F and Q. For nonnegative cosmological constant we prove that F and Q are pointwise bounded on the outer static region. The fields are shown to diverge as the Cauchy horizon is approached from the inner dynamical region, providing evidence supporting strong cosmic censorship. In the asymptotically AdS case the dynamics depends on the boundary condition at the conformal timelike boundary and there are instabilities if Robin boundary conditions are chosen.http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.124041info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionFil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Fernández Tío, Julián María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Dotti, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Física de Partículas y Campo
Attitudes towards parenthood, partnership and social rights for diverse families: Evidence from a pilot study in five countries
No full textAttitudes toward the civil and social citizenship rights of individuals in diverse family forms are underresearched. We use cross-national data from a pilot study among students in Denmark, Spain, Croatia, Italy, and the Netherlands to explore cross-country differences in beliefs about partnership, parenthood, and social rights of same-sex couples vs. heterosexual couples or married vs. cohabiting couples. The results suggest a polarization in students' attitudes between countries that appear more traditional (i.e., Italy and Croatia) and less traditional (Spain and the Netherlands), where the rights of married heterosexual couples are privileged over other family forms more so than in nontraditional countries. Moreover, equality in social rights is generally more widely accepted than equality in civil rights, particularly in relationship to parenthood rights and in more traditional countries. We discuss the implications of these findings and the implications for further research in this underexplored area of attitudinal research
The European Social Survey : a Telescope for the Social Sciences
No full textThis monographic issue collects four theoretically driven, empirically founded research articles based on eight rounds of European Social Survey data. The articles address four topics that are key to current social debates: changes in social trust in European countries over time; changes in attitudes toward immigration; attitudes toward climate change in a European perspective and attitudes towards basic income and welfare legitimacy in Europe
ResPOnsE COVID-19. Cumulative file: Wave 1 to Wave 4 (Italian version)
No full textWhat impact has the COVID-19 pandemic had on Italians' attitudes, opinions, and behaviors? From this question, the ResPOnsE COVID-19 project (Response of Italian Public Opinion to the COVID-19 Emergency) was developed starting in March 2020, with the aim of building a research infrastructure for the daily monitoring of public opinion during the COVID-19 emergency.
The collection of daily information through online interviews (CAWI) to a sample reflecting the distribution of the Italian population by gender and area of residence was divided into four surveys that took place between April 2020 and December 2021, for a total of more than 30,000 interviews.
The infrastructure was designed by the spsTREND "Hans Schadee" laboratory in collaboration with the SWG institute, as part of the "Departments of Excellence 2018-2022" project promoted by the Ministry of University and Research and is supported by funding from the Cariplo Foundation.
Overall Research Design
The research design included four surveys (waves) following a repeated cross-sectional design, consistent with the dynamic nature of the pandemic phenomenon.
The four waves of ResPOnsE COVID-19 are distributed as follows.
First wave: from April 6 to July 6, 2020 (~15000 cases, RR=46,6%)
Second wave: from December 21, 2020 to January 2, 2021 (~3000 cases, RR=47%)
Third wave: from March 17 to June 16, 2021 (~9300 cases, RR=76.9%)
Fourth wave: from November 10 to December 22, 2021 (~3000 cases, RR=67.1%)
Rolling Cross-Section and Panel Design
The first, third, and fourth waves collect interviews through a Rolling Cross-Section (RCS) design, that is consecutive daily samples for a relatively long period (in this case 2 to 3 months). In addition, about 60% of subjects were interviewed twice between the first and third or fourth wave, thus allowing longitudinal analysis of intra-individual variations that occurred between 2020 and 2021.
An RCS survey can be viewed as a cross-sectional survey of a single sample that is, however, "sliced" into many equivalent small subgroups that are released on consecutive days. On the day of release, individuals belonging to a particular sub-group are invited to participate in the survey.
The distinguishing feature of the RCS design, however, is that these individuals can also respond in the days following the delivery of the invitation. Hence comes the term "rolling" meaning that the overall sample "rolls" through the days of the survey, making time (days) a random variable. The daily samples are mutually independent and the estimates derived for each are comparable. In this way, the RCS design is optimal for studying trends in the case of time-varying phenomena. For details, see the articles by Vezzoni et al. (2020) and Biolcati et al. (2021).
Questionnaire structure
The questionnaire administered in the ResPOnsE COVID-19 survey consists of a main questionnaire, containing a core set of questions repeated in each of the four surveys, and one or more thematic modules that may change with each survey.
The main questionnaire consists of eleven thematic sections covering the entire survey period. Most of the questions in the questionnaire were repeated in the four surveys, while some questions were eliminated/changed or new ones were introduced in the transition to a new survey.
Covering the entire survey period, the basic module is particularly suitable for diachronic analysis, while the structure of the thematic modules, usually collected over a few weeks, suggests an analysis of them with a cross-sectional approach. Source questionnaires in Italian are available for download.
The sample
The target population consists of Italian residents aged 18 years and older.
In the RCS waves, on average, between 100 and 150 interviews were conducted each day, corresponding to about 1,000 interviews per week for the first survey and about 700 for the third and fourth surveys (the interviews in the second survey were actually concentrated in a single week), for a total of 31,122 interviews.
Given time and resource constraints, probabilistic sampling could not be used. Instead, the samples are drawn from an online community of a commercial research institute (SWG SpA). To correct against expected bias, the sample is stratified by ISTAT macro-area of residence and composed of quotas defined by gender and age. Weights have also been created for carryover to the population. Detailed instructions on using the weights can be downloaded together with the data files.
The survey also includes a panel component: about 60 percent of subjects were interviewed twice between the first, third, and fourth waves.
Over-sampling was also conducted for the Lombardy region, for which 1124 additional cases are available in the third wave
Macro level data
The cumulative data file also includes official macro-level variables capturing daily information on the health emergency, such as the number of people infected by COVID-19 and the number of deaths due to COVID-19 at the national and regional level on the day of the interview.
The macro-level variables were extracted here:
https://github.com/pcm-dpc/COVID-19/tree/master/dati-andamento-nazionale
Team
The research team is coordinated by Cristiano Vezzoni and Antonio Chiesi and includes all members of the spsTREND Laboratory, who contributed in various ways to the successful outcome of the survey.
The questionnaire is the result of a discussion among all research team members.
As for the thematic modules, the design was entrusted to one or more members of the team based on expertise on the topic: Gender inequalities (Giulia Dotti Sani), Religion (Ferruccio Biolcati, Francesco Molteni, Riccardo Ladini), Political-electoral (Paolo Segatti, Nicola Maggini), Transformations of democracy (Marco Maraffi, Andrea Pedrazzani), State and market (Antonio Chiesi, Paolo Segatti, Cristiano Vezzoni), Europe and solidarity between countries (Simona Guglielmi, Paolo Segatti), Vaccines (Cristiano Vezzoni, Riccardo Ladini and Ferruccio Biolcati), Schooling (Giulia Dotti Sani, Simona Guglielmi, Nicola Maggini), Social capital (Antonio Chiesi).
The management and validation of the dataset, as well as the preparation of the graphs for the periodic reports, were taken care of by Francesco Molteni, with contributions from Giulia Dotti Sani and Marta Moroni. Giulia Dotti Sani, Nicola Maggini, and Riccardo Ladini contributed to the construction of the weights for reporting to the population
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