1,231 research outputs found
Nonprofit Organizations and the Intersectoral Division of Labor in the Arts
No full textThis paper takes stock of what we know about the role of nonprofit enterprise in the production and distribution of the arts (broadly defined), primarily in the United States. After briefly discussing measurement, I present data on the extent of nonprofit activity in a range of cultural subfields. I then review theoretical explanations of the prevalence of nonprofits in cultural industries and discuss some puzzles that existing theories do not adequately solve. After reviewing research and theory about behavioral differences between nonprofit and for-profit arts firms, I explore how the art-and-culture sector is evolving in the face of demographic change, the weakening of the cultural hierarchy, and the emergence of new production and distribution technologies. I conclude with a research agenda.
In Memoriam Joe DiMaggio
No full textI met a man today who claims he once saw Joe DiMaggio drop a fly ball. In a game. I didn\u27t know whether to believe him or not. Then he told me that Joe hit a 10th inning home run to win the game. This gave the story a modicum of credibility. Yes, I suppose it could have happened
Public Opinion and Political Vulnerability: Why Has the National Endowment for the Arts Been Such an Attractive Target?
No full textFederal government arts programs appear to deviate from the rule that legislative behavior closely follows public preferences. Between the mid-1970s and the late 1980s, despite stability in public opinion, the NEA evolved from Congress’s bipartisan darling to its controversial scapegoat. We inspect 55 items from public opinion surveys and re-analyze data from 2 state and 8 national surveys undertaken between 1975 and 1996 to resolve this puzzle. Our conclusions: (1) Arts support is not a salient issue to most voters, leaving legislators relatively unconstrained. (2) Positive responses to general questions about arts funding often mask complex, ambivalent views. (3) The core constituency for federal arts support – college graduates – is difficult to mobilize because their interest in the arts is balanced by skepticism about federal government programs. (4) Opponents of arts spending successfully built on ties to Christian conservative and Republican loyalists to mobilize the stable minorities opposed to the NEA. As a result, arts politics in the U.S. has consisted of a standoff between a committed minority of 15 to 20 percent of the public that strongly opposes federal support for the arts and a weakly committed majority of about 60 percent that favors the federal role.
Information Inequality and Network Externalities: A Comparative Study of the Diffusion of Television and the Internet
No full textThis paper sheds light on whether intergroup inequality in Internet access is likely to persist as the diffusion process continues. To what extent is a given level of inequality in technology diffusion (e.g., use of the Internet) a long-term policy challenge or a temporary inconvenience? What general factors account for group-specific patterns of technology adoption? This paper draws on notions of network externalities to help answer this question. It also presents findings from a comparative analysis of household adoption of television from 1948 to 1957 and the Internet from 1994 to 2002.
Photographic soft tissue profile analysis in children of 6 years of age
No full textINTRODUCTION: Profile photographs can be a valuable, noninvasive tool for early orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. METHODS: Left-side profile photographs were obtained of 181 normal, healthy children at age 6 years. Standardized landmarks were digitized on the photographs, and several linear and angular measurements were computed. The children were divided according to dental class and sex. Comparisons were made by 2-way analyses of variance. RESULTS: Facial convexity (larger in boys than in girls), Sn-N-Sl, and nasolabial and interlabial angles differed significantly (P <.01) between the sexes. Girls had significantly less labial protrusion than boys. Facial height was significantly greater in children with dental Class II, without sex differences. All analyzed angles were significantly influenced by dental class. Facial convexity was smaller in children with dental Class II. Cutaneous class was larger, and lips were more prominent in children with dental Class II than in those with dental Class III. CONCLUSIONS: The significant relationship between dental and cutaneous classes has important implications for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. Dental class can usefully represent facial esthetics, and orthodontic procedures that modify dental occlusion might cause important repercussions to facial soft tissues
Two-dimensional vs three-dimensional assessment of soft tissue facial prifile : a non invasive study in healthy 6-year-old children
No full textAIM: In medical practice, the analysis of facial soft tissues often complement (or even supplement) the evaluation of the hard-tissue relationships. Current technology provides reference data in three dimensions, but clinical practice still uses two-dimensional photographs. In the current study, two-dimensional photographic and computerized, three-dimensional angles measured on the facial profile of children were compared. METHODS: Two-dimensional angular measurements (facial convexity including/excluding the nose; maxillary prominence; nasal prominence; nasolabial; mentolabial; maxillo-labio-mandibular; interlabial) were obtained on the facial profile photographs of 55 boys and 31 girls aged 6; measurements were compared to three-dimensional computerized data collected on 27 boys and 28 girls of the same age and ethnic group. RESULTS: On average, in boys, only the angles of facial convexity including the nose, interlabial, nasolabial and maxillo-labio-mandibular showed differences between the means larger than 2 degrees (up to 2.5 degrees). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05, Watson-Williams' test) were found for the angle of facial convexity including the nose and the maxillary prominence angle. In girls, differences between the two methods larger than 2 degrees were found for the interlabial, maxillo-labio-mandibular (statistically significant), and mentolabial angles (differences up to 7 degrees, corresponding to 4% of the relevant mean). CONCLUSION: The two-dimensional photographic and the three-dimensional computerized data compared in the current study, even not superimposable, seemed sufficiently interchangeable, at least from a clinical point of view. A particular attention should be given to the recording of lip position
Three-dimensional palatal development between 3-6 years of age
No full textObjective: To measure palatal landmarks of healthy nonpatient children aged 3 to 6 years with a normal deciduous dentition and to evaluate palatal shape independent of size.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight dental casts of children with a normal and complete deciduous dentition were obtained and digitized with a computerized 3D instrument. At all ages, male and female data did not differ (Student's t-test), so the pooled values were considered. Dimensions were compared between ages by analyses of variance.
Results: Palatal slope and height increased significantly as a function of age (P < .001). Palatal length did not change with age (average: 23.1 mm). In the frontal plane, the intermolar width increased slightly with age by about 1.8 mm at the second molars, 1.1 mm at the first molars, and 0.9 mm at the canines. Palatal height in the frontal plane did not change in the posterior part of the palate, but decreased anteriorly. The intercanine distance increased by 0.9 mm with age. However, this change did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions: Between 3 and 6 years of age, palatal shape changed and became proportionally higher in both the frontal and sagittal planes
Mindfulness, alexithymia, and empathy moderate relations between trait aggression and antisocial personality disorder traits
No full textAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD) has long been described focusing exclusively on behavioral features, like aggression. Although the role of mentalizing for aggression is well established, research on the role of mentalizing in ASPD remains limited. The present study examined the independent and interactive effects of mentalizing abilities and aggression in predicting ASPD traits in a violent male offender sample (N = 403). Participants completed self-report measures of ASPD traits, and a comprehensive assessment of mentalizing skills including measures of mindfulness, empathy, and alexithymia. Above and beyond the main effect of aggression, mindfulness, alexithymia, and empathy significantly explained an incremental amount of variance in ASPD traits in separate regression analyses. Further, mindfulness, alexithymia, and empathy significantly interacted with aggression in predicting ASPD scores. Findings suggest that among offenders with better mentalizing, aggression was significantly more strongly related to ASPD traits, indicating that at higher levels of mentalizing, only participants who also had higher levels of aggression scored higher on ASPD traits. Conversely, among offenders with poorer mentalizing, the positive association between aggression and ASPD traits was significantly weaker, indicating that poor mentalizing alone was sufficient to have high levels of ASPD traits (and aggression). Findings suggest that in some instances, mentalizing may not have a protective role on ASPD in the presence of very high levels of aggression. However, among offenders with poor mentalizing, treatments targeting aggression may not be successful in reducing ASPD traits. Interventions that aim at improving mentalizing may ultimately be more effective to treat aggression and ASPD among offenders
Psychotherapy of personality disorders : metacognition, states of mind and interpersonal cycles/ Giancarlo Dimaggio (et.al)
No full textvii, p. 248; 24 c
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