1,721,067 research outputs found
Glycerol valorization: a key factor towards biodiesel sustainability
No full textThe paper deals with the search for catalytic systems for selective glycerol transformation
Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody
No full textGlutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid into gamma-amino butyric acid within pancreatic islet β cells. Autoantibodies against GAD (GADA) are found in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), stiff-person syndrome, and epilepsy. Both GAD forms are recognized by GADA, but GAD65 is the predominant autoantigen being recognized in 65% of patients. Up to 90% of children and adolescents who will develop T1DM and patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) recognize either form. Unlike other islet autoantibodies, GADA persist for many years after the diagnosis in a significant proportion of patients with T1DM and can thus characterize long-standing diabetes. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that the presence of multiple autoantibodies is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes. The identification of GAD as a major autoantigen in T1DM is the basis for new therapy approaches to inhibit the progression of disease by inducing tolerance in GAD-reactive T cells
Iridium catalysts for sustainable processes:glycerol dehydrogenation, alkyne polymerization and post-polymerization of polyketones
No full textApplications of iridium catalysts in green chemistr
Antiphospholipid antibody mechanisms of thrombosis
No full textAnti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) are diagnostic and pathogenic antibodies. There is evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models that they can mediate thrombosis through several mechanisms. aPL may interact with beatta-2 glycoprotein I or with prothrombin and may interfere with fluid- phase coagulation steps: inhibition of protein C-S activity and fibrinolysis. More importantly beta-2 glycoprotein I –dependent aPL may recognize their own target on several cell types involved in the coagulation: endothelial cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and platelets. Once bound aPL may induce a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant endothelial phenotype, may induce tissue factor expression on monocytes, and can increase aggregation of platelets stimulated by another agonist. All these mechanisms may play a role in supporting the thrombophilic state of the anti-phospholipid syndrome. aPL are necessary for clotting but are not sufficient and require an additional stimulus (two- hit theory) and complement activation so explaining why thrombosis can occur only sometimes in spite of the persistent presence of the antibodies
Deoxygenation reaction of 2-nitrophenol. Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of Ru(OC6H4NO-o)(CO)(PPh3)2
No full textBy reaction of [Ru(CO)3(PPh3)2] with 2-nitrophenol, the deep brown ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(OC6H 4NO-o)(OC6H4NO2-o)(CO)(PPh 3)2], has been obtained. X-Ray crystallography has shown that the complex contains a o-nitrosophenolate ligand, which co-ordinates to ruthenium in a chelating fashion through its nitroso-nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms
Liver abnormalities in connective tissue diseases
No full textThe liver is a lymphoid organ involved in the immune response and in the maintenance of tolerance to self molecules, but it is also a target of autoimmune reactions, as observed in primary liver autoimmune diseases (AILD) such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Further, the liver is frequently involved in connective tissue diseases (CTD), most commonly in the form of liver function test biochemical changes with predominant cholestatic or hepatocellular patterns. CTD commonly affecting the liver include systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholypid syndrome, primary Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polimyositis, and antisynthetase syndrome, while overlap syndromes between AILD and CTD may also be diagnosed. Although liver cirrhosis and failure are extremely rare in patients with CTD, unusual liver conditions such as nodular regenerative hyperplasia or Budd-Chiari syndrome have been reported with increasing frequency in patients with CTD. Acute or progressing liver involvement is generally related to viral hepatitis reactivation or to a concomitant AILD, so it appears to be fundamental to screen patients for HBV and HCV infection, in order to provide the ideal therapeutic regimen and avoid life-threatening reactivations. Finally, it is important to remember that the main cause of biochemical liver abnormalities in patients with CTD is a drug-induced alteration or coexisting viral hepatitis. The present article will provide a general overview of the liver involvement in CTD to allow rheumatologists to discriminate the most common clinical scenarios. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Less travelled roads in clinical immunology and allergy : drug reactions and the environmental influence
No full textAllergy and clinical immunology are examples of areas of knowledge in which working hypotheses are dominant over mechanistic understanding. As such, sometimes scientific efforts follow major streams and overlook some epidemiologically prevalent conditions that thus become underestimated by the research community. For this reason, we welcome the present issue of Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology that is dedicated to uncommon themes in clinical immunology and allergy. First, comprehensive discussions are provided for allergy phenomena of large potential impact in clinical practice such as reactions to cephalosporins or aspirin-induced asthma and in everyday life such as allergies to food additives or legumes. Further, the issue addresses other uncommon themes such as urticaria and angioedema, cercarial dermatitis, or late-onset inflammation to soft tissue fillers. Last, there will be discussion on transversal issues such as olfactory defects in autoimmunity, interleukin 1 beta pathway, and the search for new serological markers in chronic inflammation. As a result, we are convinced that this issue will be of help to clinicians involved in internal medicine as well as to allergists and clinical immunologists. More importantly, we are convinced that these discussions will be of interest also to basic scientists for the numerous translational implications
- …
