72 research outputs found
Effectiveness, Core Elements, and Moderators of Response of Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textImportance: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, with negative consequences on functional outcomes. Although cognitive remediation (CR) is effective and mentioned in treatment guidance for schizophrenia, its active ingredients and ideal candidates are still debated. Objective: To provide a comprehensive update on CR effectiveness for cognition and functioning in schizophrenia and analyze the core ingredients of efficacy and role of patient characteristics. Data Sources: The reference list of the last comprehensive meta-analysis in 2011 was screened against eligibility criteria. Then, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo) were systematically searched for articles published from January 2011 to February 2020. Reference lists of included articles and relevant reviews were hand searched, and Google Scholar was manually inspected. Study Selection: Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials comparing CR with any other control condition in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (with an unrestricted clinical status). Screening was performed by at least 2 independent reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Study data were independently extracted and pooled using random-effect models. Cohen d was used to measure outcomes. Trial methodological quality was evaluated with the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes were changes in global cognition and overall functioning from baseline to after treatment, subsequently investigated through metaregressions, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses based on prespecified hypotheses, to identify potential moderators of response associated with treatment modality and patient characteristics. Results: Of 1815 identified reports, 358 full texts were assessed and 194 reports on 130 studies were included. Based on 130 studies with 8851 participants, CR was effective on cognition (d, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.24-0.34]) and functioning (d, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.16-0.29]). An active and trained therapist (cognition: χ21, 4.14; P =.04; functioning: χ21, 4.26; P =.04), structured development of cognitive strategies (cognition: χ21, 9.34; P =.002; functioning: χ21, 8.12; P =.004), and integration with psychosocial rehabilitation (cognition: χ21, 5.66; functioning: χ21, 12.08) were crucial ingredients of efficacy. Patients with fewer years of education (global cognition: coefficient, -0.055 [95% CI, -0.103 to -0.006]; P =.03; global functioning: coefficient, -0.061 [95% CI, -0.112 to -0.011]; P =.02), lower premorbid IQ (global functioning: coefficient, -0.013 [-0.025 to -0.001]; P =.04), and higher baseline symptom severity (global cognition: coefficient, 0.006 [95% CI, 0.002 to 0.010]; P =.005) emerged as optimal candidates. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings show that CR is an evidence-based intervention that should be included consistently into clinical guidelines for the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia and implemented more widely in clinical practice.
Non-equilibrium band broadening, gap renormalization and band inversion in black phosphorus
No full textBlack phosphorous (BP) is a layered semiconductor with high carrier mobility, anisotropic optical response and wide bandgap tunability. In view of its application in optoelectronic devices, understanding transient photo-induced effects is crucial. Here, we investigate by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy BP in its pristine state and in the presence of Stark splitting, chemically induced by Cs ad-sorption. We show that photo-injected carriers trigger bandgap renormalization, and a concurrent valence band flattening caused by Pauli blocking. In biased samples, photo-excitation leads to a long-lived (ns) surface photovoltage of few hundreds mV that counterbalances the Cs-induced surface band bending. This allows us to disentangle bulk from surface electronic states, and to clarify the mechanism underlying the band inversion observed in bulk samples
Investigation of the non-equilibrium state of strongly correlated materials by complementary ultrafast spectroscopy techniques
No full textPhotoinduced non-thermal phase transitions are new paradigms of exotic non-equilibrium physics of strongly correlated materials. An ultrashort optical pulse can drive the system to a new order through complex microscopic interactions that do not occur in the equilibrium state. Ultrafast spectroscopies are unique tools to reveal the underlying mechanisms of such transitions which lead to transient phases of matter. Yet, their individual specificities often do not provide an exhaustive picture of the physical problem. One effective solution to enhance their performance is the integration of different ultrafast techniques. This provides an opportunity to simultaneously probe physical phenomena from different perspectives while maintaining the same experimental conditions. In this context, we performed complementary experiments by combining time-resolved reflectivity and time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We demonstrate the advantage of this combined approach by investigating the complex charge density wave (CDW) phase in 1T-TiSe2. Specifically, we show the key role of lattice degrees of freedom to establish and stabilize the CDW in this material
From Listing to Recovery: A Review of Nutritional Status Assessment and Management in Liver Transplant Patients
No full textLiver transplantation (LT) is a complex surgical procedure requiring thorough pre- and post-operative planning and care. The nutritional status of the patient before, during, and after LT is crucial to surgical success and long-term prognosis. This review aims to assess nutritional status assessment and management before, during, and after LT, with a focus on patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. We performed a comprehensive topic search on MEDLINE, Ovid, In-Process, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed up to March 2023. It identifies key factors influencing the nutritional status of liver transplant patients, such as pre-existing malnutrition, the type and severity of liver disease, comorbidities, and immunosuppressive medications. The review highlights the importance of pre-operative nutritional assessment and intervention, close nutritional status monitoring, individualised nutrition care plans, and ongoing nutritional support and monitoring after LT. The review concludes by examining the effect of bariatric surgery on the nutritional status of liver transplant recipients. The review offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for optimising nutritional status before, during, and after LT
Coherent phonons and the interplay between charge density wave and Mott phases in 1T- Ta Se2
No full text1T-TaSe2 is host to coexisting strongly correlated phases including charge density waves (CDWs) and an unusual Mott transition at low temperature. Here, we investigate coherent phonon oscillations in 1T-TaSe2 using a combination of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) and time-resolved reflectivity (TRR). Perturbation by a femtosecond laser pulse triggers a modulation of the valence band binding energy at the Γ ̄ point, related to the Mott gap, that is consistent with the in-plane CDW amplitude mode frequency. By contrast, TRR measurements show a modulation of the differential reflectivity comprised of multiple frequencies belonging to the distorted CDW lattice modes. Comparison of the temperature dependence of coherent and spontaneous phonons across the CDW transition shows that the amplitude mode intensity is more easily suppressed during perturbation of the CDW state by the optical excitation compared to other modes. Our results clearly identify the relationship of the in-plane CDW amplitude mode with the Mott phase in 1T-TaSe2 and highlight the importance of lattice degrees of freedom
Coherent phonons and the interplay between charge density wave and Mott phases in 1-TaSe
No full text1-TaSe is host to coexisting strongly-correlated phases including
charge density waves (CDWs) and an unusual Mott transition at low temperature.
Here, we investigate coherent phonon oscillations in 1-TaSe using a
combination of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES)
and time-resolved reflectivity (TRR). Perturbation by a femtosecond laser pulse
triggers a modulation of the valence band binding energy at the -point,
related to the Mott gap, that is consistent with the in-plane CDW amplitude
mode frequency. By contrast, TRR measurements show a modulation of the
differential reflectivity comprised of multiple frequencies belonging to the
distorted CDW lattice modes. Comparison of the temperature dependence of
coherent and spontaneous phonons across the CDW transition shows that the
amplitude mode intensity is more easily suppressed during perturbation of the
CDW state by the optical excitation compared to other modes. Our results
clearly identify the relationship of the in-plane CDW amplitude mode with the
Mott phase in 1-TaSe and highlight the importance of lattice degrees
of freedom.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplemental materia
Investigations of photo-excited 2-D materials by combined ultrafast spectroscopy techniques.
No full textDOTTORATONegli ultimi anni, i materiali bidimensionali stratificati, come grafene e nitruro di boro esagonale (h-BN), hanno ricevuto un'attenzione significativa a causa delle loro potenziali applicazioni in diversi campi. Il grafene, un singolo strato di grafite, è stato il primo materiale bidimensionale (2D) ad essere ottenuto tramite esfoliazione meccanica dalla grafite nel 2004. A causa delle sue interessanti proprietà, la scoperta del grafene ha stimolato lo studio di altri materiali 2D stratificati, che possono essere utilizzati come piattaforme per l'esplorazione di nuovi fenomeni fisici e chimici.
Questa tesi presenta lo studio di materiali 2D come i dicalcogenuri di metalli di transizione (Transition Metal Dichalcogenides o TMD) e il black phosphorus (BP) in condizioni di non-equilibrio. In questo contesto, la spettroscopia ultraveloce è uno strumento fondamentale per studiare la loro dinamica di non-equilibrio. La tecnica principalmente impiegata è la spettroscopia di fotoemissione risolta in angolo e in tempo (TR-ARPES) che permette di rivelare la dinamica della struttura a bande elettroniche del materiale in esame, grazie alla sua sensibilità all’energia e al momento degli elettroni. Modificando il ritardo tra due impulsi ultracorti, si possono studiare i processi dipendenti dal tempo che avvengono nello stato elettronico di non-equilibrio indotto da uno stimolo ottico con una risoluzione inferiore al picosecondo. Le misure TR-ARPES sono state completate anche da misure di riflettività risolta in tempo allo scopo di fornire una più ampia comprensione dei gradi di libertà elettronici e reticolari in condizioni di non-equilibrio.
Recentemente, la comunità scientifica ha posto grande attenzione sui TMD, a causa delle loro speciali proprietà elettroniche, meccaniche e ottiche nonché per le loro possibili applicazioni tecnologiche. Tra i TMDs, i composti a base di tantalio TaX2 (X = S o Se) sono di particolare interesse perché presentano un ricco diagramma di fasi fortemente correlate tra cui le onde di densità di carica (Charge Density Waves o CDWs) e le transizioni metallo-isolante (Metal-Insulator Transitions o MIT). In generale, gli stati di CDWs vengono classificati in base alla commensurabilità tra la modulazione della CDW e la costante reticolare del materiale e questi sistemi mostrano diverse fasi di CDW chiamate “incommensurate” (ICCDW), “nearly- commensurate” (NCCDW) e “commensurate” (CCDW), con temperature di transizione che variano in un ampio intervallo che va da 75 K fino a 473 K. Il nostro interesse si è concentrato sul 1T-TaSe2. In questo materiale, la fase NCCDW è assente e avviene una transizione dalla fase ICCCDW ad una CDW a 473 K. Per temperature inferiori a circa 260 K, si osserva inoltre una transizione di Mott metallo-isolante fortemente localizzata alla superficie del sistema. TR-ARPES e TRR ci hanno permesso di studiare l'interazione tra la CDW e la fase di Mott in questo materiale, scoprendo che la fase Mott è preferenzialmente legata al modo fononico denominato CDW amplitude mode.
Il black phosphorus è un semiconduttore la cui “bandgap” ha una forte dipendenza dal numero di strati atomici del campione ed è particolarmente sensibile a stimoli esterni quali campi elettrici, deformazione cristallina e drogaggio superficiale. Inoltre, esso esibisce proprietà elettroniche ed ottiche anisotrope dovute al “buckling” della sua struttura reticolare, cioè alla sua struttura a strati corrugati. In questo lavoro abbiamo eseguito misure di TR-ARPES sia sul materiale puro che dopo la deposizione di Cs, rivelando una complessa dinamica foto-indotta della struttura a bande. È stato osservato che il drogaggio superficiale con atomi dei metalli alcalini permette di modificare la bandgap del black phosphorus, conducendo ad una inversione di banda per livelli di drogaggio sufficientemente elevati.
Abbiamo scoperto che i portatori di carica foto-iniettati innescano la rinormalizzazione della bandgap e un concomitante appiattimento della banda di valenza. Quest’ultimo è dovuto al fenomeno noto come “Pauli
blocking”, ossia ad una manifestazione del principio di esclusione di Pauli per il quale due elettroni non possono occupare simultaneamente lo stesso stato elettronico.
Nel campione drogato con Cs, il "band bending" superficiale indotto dal Cs viene compensata dai portatori di carica foto-generati e si verifica così il fenomeno noto come “surface photovoltage”. Grazie alla nostra indagine è stato possibile distinguere gli stati elettronici di superficie da quelli di bulk e stabilire la localizzazione superficiale della banda di conduzione. Inoltre, sono state chiarite le modalità con cui avviene l'inversione di banda, responsabile di una transizione di fase da semiconduttore a isolante topologico o semimetallo di Dirac.This thesis presents the exploration and the understanding of phase transitions and extreme non-equilibrium conditions in two-dimensional (2D) materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and black phosphorus (BP). In this context, ultrafast spectroscopy is a useful and promising tool to study the origin
of complex orders. The mainly employed technique is time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) which allows revealing dynamics of the electronic band structure of the material under investigation, thanks to its energy and momentum sensitivity. By changing the time delay between two ultrashort
pulses, one can study time-dependent processes taking place after the pump-induced non-equilibrium electronic state with sub-picosecond resolution. Besides the femtosecond TR-ARPES, time resolved reflectivity (TRR) measurements on the aforementioned materials are also performed. Indeed, despite the lack of momentum resolution of the technique, TRR provides a signi cant understanding about the out-of-equilibrium behavior of the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom, allowing a more extensive knowledge of the material properties. In the last few years, layered two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), have received signi cant attention due to their
potential applications in several elds. Graphene, a single layer of graphite, was the fi rst 2D material to be obtained via mechanical exfoliation from bulk graphite in 2004. Because of its attractive properties, the discovery of graphene has stimulated the investigation of other layered 2D materials, which are able to complement the demands related to graphene and can be employed as platforms for exploring new physical and chemical phenomena. Recently, the scienti c community has drawn great attention on TMDs, owing to their special electrical, mechanical, and
optical properties as well as to their possible technological applications. Among TMDs, the tantalum-based compounds TaX2 with X = S or Se are of particular interest because they are host to coexisting strongly correlated phases including charge density waves (CDWs) and an unusual metal-insulator transition (MIT).
These materials exhibit several CDWphases as incommensurate (ICCDW), nearlycommensurate (NCCDW) and commensurate (CCDW), with transition temperatures over a broad range extending from 75 K up to 473 K. The TMD of our interest is 1T-TaSe2. In this sample, the NCCDW phase is not observed and there
is just a direct transition from the CCDW to an ICCDW phase at 473 K. At lower temperature, below about 260 K, a surface Mott metal-insulator transition has been observed. TR-ARPES and TRR allowed us to study the interplay between charge density wave (CDW) and Mott phases in 1T-TaSe2, revealing that the Mott phase is preferentially linked to the main phonon mode addressed as the CDW amplitude mode.
As regarding BP, we investigated this material by TR-ARPES both in its pristine condition and after Cs deposition, revealing a rich photo-induced band dynamics. This material exhibits intricate interactions associated with charge, spin, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom whose deeper comprehension is fundamental for optoelectronic, electronic and technological applications. This semiconductor has a tunable bandgap as a function of surface doping by alkali atoms and strain, and exhibits
anisotropic electronic and optical properties whose origins are rooted in the puckering of its lattice structure. We found that photo-injected carriers trigger a bandgap renormalization and a concomitant valence band flattening due to Pauli
blocking. In the Cs-doped sample, photoexcitation causes a long-lived surface photovoltage that compensates the Cs-induced surface band bending. Therefore, thanks to our investigation, it was possible to disentangle bulk from surface electronic states, to establish the surface localization of the conduction band and to
clarify the occurrence of band inversion in bulk samples.DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA34DALLERA, CLAUDIAFINAZZI, MARC
Placebo response in pharmacological and dietary supplement trials of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): systematic review and meta-regression analysis
No full textPharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textBackground: There is still no approved medication for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This network meta-analysis investigated pharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments for ASD. Methods: We searched for randomized-controlled-trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of seven days in ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WHO-ICTRP (from inception up to July 8, 2018), CENTRAL and PubMed (up to November 3, 2021). The co-primary outcomes were core symptoms (social-communication difficulties-SCD, repetitive behaviors-RB, overall core symptoms-OCS) measured by validated scales and standardized-mean-differences (SMDs). Associated symptoms, e.g., irritability/aggression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, dropouts and important side-effects, were investigated as secondary outcomes. Studies in children/adolescents and adults were analyzed separately in random-effects pairwise and network meta-analyses. Results: We analyzed data for 41 drugs and 17 dietary-supplements, from 125 RCTs (n = 7450 participants) in children/adolescents and 18 RCTs (n = 1104) in adults. The following medications could improve at least one core symptom domain in comparison with placebo: aripiprazole (k = 6 studies in analysis, SCD: SMD = 0.27 95% CI [0.09, 0.44], RB: 0.48 [0.26, 0.70]), atomoxetine (k = 3, RB:0.49 [0.18, 0.80]), bumetanide (k = 4, RB: 0.35 [0.09, 0.62], OCS: 0.61 [0.31, 0.91]), and risperidone (k = 4, SCM: 0.31 [0.06, 0.55], RB: 0.60 [0.29, 0.90]; k = 3, OCS: 1.18 [0.75, 1.61]) in children/adolescents; fluoxetine (k = 1, RB: 1.20 [0.45, 1.96]), fluvoxamine (k = 1, RB: 1.04 [0.27, 1.81]), oxytocin (k = 6, RB:0.41 [0.16, 0.66]) and risperidone (k = 1, RB: 0.97 [0.21,1.74]) in adults. There were some indications of improvement by carnosine, haloperidol, folinic acid, guanfacine, omega-3-fatty-acids, probiotics, sulforaphane, tideglusib and valproate, yet imprecise and not robust. Confidence in these estimates was very low or low, except moderate for oxytocin. Medications differed substantially in improving associated symptoms, and in their side-effect profiles. Limitations: Most of the studies were inadequately powered (sample sizes of 20–80 participants), with short duration (8–13 weeks), and about a third focused on associated symptoms. Networks were mainly star-shaped, and there were indications of reporting bias. There was no optimal rating scale measuring change in core symptoms. Conclusions: Some medications could improve core symptoms, although this could be likely secondary to the improvement of associated symptoms. Evidence on their efficacy and safety is preliminary; therefore, routine prescription of medications for the core symptoms cannot be recommended. Trial registration PROSPERO-ID CRD42019125317
Solariola gestroi
No full textSolariola gestroi (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904) (Figs 16, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16 ’, 16’a, 16’b, 16’c, 16’d, 16’e, 45a, 62, 62’, 105, 148, 191) Otiorhynchus (Troglorhynchus) gestroi A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904: 169–171. Troglorhynchus (Solariella) gestroi: Flach, 1905 (note): 318; Ragusa, 1906 (note): 62; Normand, 1908 (fauna): 227. Troglorhynchus (Solariola) gestroi: Hoffmann, 1950 (catalogue): 151. Solariola gestroi: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923 (revision): 51–57; Luigioni, 1929 (catalogue): 871; Porta, 1932 (catalogue): 57; Winkler, 1932 (catalogue): 1432; Lona, 1937 (catalogue): 233; Osella, 1976: 194 (fauna); Osella, 1979 (fauna): 312; Abbazzi et al., 1989 (fauna): 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992 (catalogue): 302; Abbazzi et al., 1995 (catalogue): 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996 (fauna): 355; Colonnelli, 2003 (checklist): 46; Osella et al., 2005 (checklist); Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009 (catalogue): 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013 (catalogue): 346; Baviera, 2015: 401–428 (revision); Morrone & Hlaváč, 2017 (checklist): 50; Pierotti, 2017a (catalogue): 344. Type locality. Campania, Vallo della Lucania, S. Biase di Ceraso (Fig. 242). Diagnosis. A small size Solariola (TL: 2.6 0–2.72 mm; BL: 2.10–2.20 mm) belonging to the gestroi group with more robust body shape. Within the species group, it is recognisable by oblong-oval elytra with badly defined punctures and interstriae with elongate, recumbent setae. Rostrum short (RL: 0.40, RW: 0.30 RL/RW: 1.33–1.33). Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum and laterally mesorostrum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida. Antennae long and thin (SL: 0.50– 0.50 mm, FL: 0.75– 0.75 mm, SL/FL: 0.67–0.67). Pronotum generally as long as wide (PL: 0.57–0.60 mm, PW: 0.57–0.58 mm, PL/PW: 1.00–1.03) without echinopappolepida at base. Oblong-oval elytra, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.52–1.57 mm, EW: 0.83– 0.85 mm, EL/EW: 1.79–1.89). Material examined. Holotype male with following labels: [genitalia in DHMF] [transparent label] / S[an] Biase, Ceraso, 20. V. 1902, Solari [w, hw] / Typus [w, p] (on the back) Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari, Bull. [ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) HOLOTYPUS det. Baviera 2014 [r, p] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) Holotype, det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] (MSNM). Paratypes. Two females, with the following labels: 1) S. Biase di Ceraso, 20.V.1902 / [leg.] Solari [w, hw, p] / coTypus [w, p] / Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari Typus! [w, hw] / PARATYPUS Ot. Troglorhynchus Gestroi A. & F. Solari, 1903 [r, p, hw] / Museo Genova Coll. A. Dodero (acquisto 2000) [w, p] / Solariola gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARATYPUS [det. Baviera 2014] [r, p] (MSNG); 2) S[an] Biase, Ceraso, 20. V. 1902, Solari [w, hw] / Typus [w, p] (on the back) Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari, Bull. [ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) PARATYPUS [det. Baviera 2014] [r, p] / Collezione Cesare Bellò, Castelfranco Veneto [g, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] (CBE). Additional material examined (sixty-nine males and females) with the following data: S. Biase di Ceraso, 7.XI.1902, [Leg.] Bensa; Vallo Lucano, [leg.] Solari; S. Biase, Vallo Lucano, 12.VI.1904, [leg.] Solari; same data, V.1904; same data; 8.VI.1904; same data, VI.1904; same data, 10.VI.1904; same data, 15.VI.1904; same data 25.V.1907; Vallo Lucano, Novi Velia, 29.IV.1966, leg. Sbordoni; Salerno Vallo della Lucania Novi Velia, 31.X.2011, Leg. Bellò C.; Salerno, Vallo Lucano, Ceraso, San Biase, 660m, vaglio Quercus ilex + Castanea / Ceraso loc. San Biase, 40°10’37.6’’N 15°16’45.0’’E, 30.IV.2018, Bellò & Chemello leg. (CBA, CBE, GOS, MCZR, MSNM, MSNG). Holotype redescription. Male. See Figs 16, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e. Oval-elongate body (T L: 2.72 mm, BL: 2.20 mm). Brownish cuticle. Rostrum short (RL: 0.40 mm, RW: 0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.33), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Submentum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida, also partially visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes flat and just visible. Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.50 mm, FL: 0.75 mm, SL/FL: 0.67); AS ratio: 6.5.4.3.3.3.4.11. Scape clubbed, slightly more robust than funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle long and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, fusiform, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae. Pronotum nearly as long as wide (PL: 0.60 mm, PW: 0.58 mm, PL/PW: 1.03), wider in the middle and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible. Elytra oval elongate to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.57 mm, EW: 0.83 mm, EL/EW: 1.89), wider at middle with convex suture. Humeri obliquely rounded. Striae with 12–13 badly defined punctures, badly catenulate, not deep. Interstriae convex with thin and elongate setae recumbent. Elytral declivity> 60 degrees. Legs short and robust with femora clubbed. Protibia with seven acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and straight in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw. Male genitalia. See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 62; apex of penis Fig. 62 ’; IX sternite Fig. 105. Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 148; VIII sternite Fig. 191. Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed. Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size. Distribution. See Figs. 222, 222a. Italian endemic. Known from Salerno, Vallo Lucano, surroundings of San Biase of Ceraso type locality at 400–700 meters of elevation. Ecology and Phenology. This species was described from three specimens collected in Castanea sativa Miller forest under leaves (Solari & Solari, 1904). Adults are found in late spring or early summer, collected by sifting leaf litter either (Castanea or Quercus) or under deep stones (Osella, 1976). Main soil type. Chromic Cambisol (European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012). Reproduction. Amphigonic. Associated species. Sympatric with Heteromeira curvisetis Pierotti, 2011 and Aparopion suturidens Reitter, 1891.Published as part of Bello', Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), pp. 1-261 in Zootaxa 4676 (1) on pages 97-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4676.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/346894
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