382 research outputs found
FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
No full textFIGURE 2. Labial palpus and legs of Calisto israeli, all structures from left side: a–labial palpi, b–male prothoracic leg, c–female prothoracic leg, d–mesothoracic leg, e–metathoracic leg. Scale bars: a, b, c=0.5 mm; d, e=1 mm.Published as part of Aguila, Rayner Núñez, 2009, Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), pp. 46-58 in Zootaxa 2087 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2087.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/531943
FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
No full textFIGURE 4. Genitalia of Calisto israeli: a–male genitalia (lateral view), b–uncus and tegumen of male genitalia (dorsal view), c-aedeagus (lateral view), d–female genitalia (ventral view). Scale bars: a, c=0.5 mm, b=0.3 mm, d=1 mm.Published as part of Aguila, Rayner Núñez, 2009, Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), pp. 46-58 in Zootaxa 2087 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2087.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/531943
Calisto aquilum Nunez, sp. n.
No full textCalisto aquilum Núñez, sp. n. Figures 9 –12, 21–22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37– 40 Type material. Holotype— 3, CUBA, Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, ladera norte de Pico Potrerillo, 21 ° 53 ' 27 "N 80 °00' 49 "W, 750-850 m, 11 /V/ 2012, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–02 (M070). Deposited in CZACC. Paratypes— 8 3, 2 Ƥ: same data as holotype, 3 genitalia in glycerine (3 3, 1 Ƥ). Sancti Spiritus, Loma de Banao, camino de La Sabina a Caja de Agua, 850 m, 11 /V/ 2012, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM 20 –01 (M055), genitalia in glycerin (1 Ƥ). Cienfuegos, Cumanayagua, Pico San Juan, 1140m, 21 ° 59 ' 25 "N 80 °08' 50 "W, 12 /V/ 2012, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–07 (M071), 3 & Ƥ genitalia in glycerin (3 3, 1 Ƥ); Cumanayagua, Buenos Aires, 600m, 21 ° 59 ' 13 "N 80 ° 11 ' 20 "W, 16 /VI/ 1967 (1 3); Cumanayagua, carretera a Pico San Juan, V/ 1986, R. Rodríguez, (1 3). Deposited in CZACC. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin aquilus (dark–colored, dun), in reference to the dark brownish coloration of the adults. Diagnosis. Calisto aquilum is superficially most similar to C. smintheus, C. brochei and C. dissimulatum ¸ a new species previously described herein. From C. smintheus it differs by its less brighter pattern, by lacking the strong reddish suffusion at underside of hindwing, and its smaller average size: 3 FWL= 18.6 ± 0.7 mm, N= 7, Ƥ FWL= 17.9 ± 0.4 mm, N= 3 versus 3 FWL= 21.9 ± 1.6 mm, N= 50, Ƥ FWL= 22.5 ± 1.4, N= 23. From C. brochei also differs by lacking the waved outer margin of male androconial patch, by its less contrasted underside wing pattern, and its smaller average size: 3 FWL= 20.9 ± 0.8 mm, N= 9, Ƥ FWL= 21.5 ± 0.4, N= 5 in C. brochei. From C. dissimulatum differs externally by its less contrasted underside wing pattern. From all three above mentioned species differs by lacking the dense ochre or reddish scaling around subterminal lines at apexes of both wings. Internally, the male genitalia of C. aquilum differ from both C. smintheus and C. brochei by its proportionally smaller uncus when compared to tegumen and it is tapered after basal half instead from base as in C. smintheus and C. brochei. The digitiform projection of valvae is straight as in C. smintheus but shorter whereas it’s slightly curved in C. brochei. There are no appreciable differences with the male genitalia of C. dissimulatum. The female genitalia of Calisto aquilum is diagnostic by having an asymmetric dorsal crown, thinner on the left side in ventral view. Description. Forewing length 3 17.4–19.8 mm, Ƥ 17.3–18.2 mm. Upper surface of wings dark brown, uniform in both sexes; male androconial patch darker than background, almost black, anterior margin behind posterior margin of cell, outer margin parallel to wing margin (Figures 9, 11, 25). Under surface brown with darker lines, background slightly paler at outer margin of post discal line; forewing ocellus with two bluish white iridescent pupils, post discal line externally edged with little contrasting pale yellow scaling at ocellus area; about two fifths of cell extension red colored, both base and apex brown colored as surrounding background; hindwing background mixed with pale yellow and pale ochre scales basal to post dical line which is externally edge by little contrasting pale yellow scaling, heavier around ocellus; post discal area sparsely splashed with lilac scales and four white dots at vein interspaces Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3 and M 3 –Cu 1, dots at M 1 –M 2 and M 2 –M 3 slightly larger than those at Rs–M 1 and M 3 –Cu 1 ones (Figures 10, 12, 21, 22). Male genitalia with tegumen about two thirds the length of uncus, slightly concave at the middle and rounded at posterior half; uncus slightly arched, basal half about the same height then gradually tapering toward apex; digitiform projection of valvae, including ventral margin, straight and moderately short; aedeagus sinuated with distinct right curves at both basal and apical halves and an additional smaller curve at the middle (Figure 28). Female genitalia with dorsal crown asymmetric, thinner on the left side in ventral view, height about 0.33 x width at right side and 0.20 at the left side; ductus bursae about 1.3 x the length of corpus bursae (Figure 31). Distribution. Calisto aquilum is known from localities on both sections, Alturas de Banao and Alturas de Trinidad, of the Guamuhaya massif, the major mountain range of central Cuba (Figures 33, 34). A different subspecies inhabits the Guaniguanico mountain range, in western Cuba. Biology. Collecting sites are at low to moderate elevations (450–1140 m). Habitats include broad leaf evergreen forest, rainforest, and the vegetation complex of the mogotes (limestome hills) (Figures 37–40). Individuals have been observed taking nectar on Biden pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Its host plant and immature stages are unknown. Remarks. Genetic differences and geographic isolation from Calisto dissimulatum, were commented at the Remarks section of the latter. From sympatric C. torrei and C. muripetens, C. aquilum differs by 8.5 % and 6.5 %, respectively. Calisto aquilum is one of the few Cuban taxa present in more than one mountain range. Intraspecific variation of the COI gene suggests that its populations from western and central Cuba differ by 1.4 % with an average within populations variation of 0.17 (2 specimens, 2 localities) and 0.11 % (3 specimens, 3 localities), respectively. That and a geographic separation of more than 300 km led us to propose the subspecies rank for the western population described below.Published as part of Aguila, Rayner Núñez, Matos- Maraví, Pável F. & Wahlberg, Niklas, 2013, New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 503-521 in Zootaxa 3669 (4) on pages 513-515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/24942
Calisto aquilum subsp. occidentalis Nunez, ssp. n.
No full textCalisto aquilum occidentalis Núñez, ssp. n. Figures 13 –16, 32, 36, 68, 69 Type material. Holotype— Ƥ, CUBA, Pinar del Río, base sur de Pan de Azúcar, 75 m, 25 /IX/2011, 22° 36 ' 52 "N 83 ° 49 ' 27 "W, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM 20 –02 (M056). Deposited in CZACC. Paratypes— 1 Ƥ: Pinar del Río, Sendero Las Maravillas (8 km SW of Viñales village), 200 m, 24 /IX/2011, 22° 34 ' 59 "N 83 ° 48 ' 15 "W, D. Saladrigas & A. Barro, DNA voucher PM 20 –03 (M057). Deposited in MFP. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin occidentalis (of the west), in reference to its distribution restricted to the westernmost Cuban province, Pinar del Río. Diagnosis. Calisto aquilum occidentalis is superficially most similar to Calisto a. aquilum, C. smintheus, C. brochei and C. dissimulatum. From all differs by its smaller average size: Ƥ FWL= 17.1 ± 0.6, N= 2, see size values for other taxa at the Diagnosis of the nominate subspecies. From the nominate subspecies differs by its darker wing pattern and the brighter contrasting underside wing pattern. From all taxa, except Calisto a. aquilum, also differs by having the dorsal crown of the female genitalia asymmetric, thinner on the left side, in ventral view. Description. Forewing length Ƥ 16.5–17.6 mm. Upper surface of wings uniform dark brown, almost black (Figures 13, 15). Under surface dark brown with darker lines, background slightly paler at outer side of post discal line; forewing ocellus with two bluish white iridescent pupils, post discal line externally edged with pale yellow scaling at ocellus area; about two fifths of cell extension red colored, both base and apex brown colored as surrounding background; hindwing background mixed with pale yellow and ochre scales basal to post dical line which is externally edge by contrasting yellow scaling, heavier around ocellus; post discal area densely splashed with lilac scales and four white dots at vein interspaces Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3 and M 3 –Cu 1, dots at M 1 –M 2 and M 2 –M 3 slightly larger than those at Rs–M 1 and M 3 –Cu 1 ones (Figures 14, 16). Female genitalia with dorsal crown asymmetric, thinner on the left side in ventral view, height about 0.33 x width at right side and 0.20 at the left side; ductus bursae about 1.2 x the length of corpus bursae (Figure 32). Distribution. Calisto aquilum occidentalis is known only from three localities of the Viñales mountain valley, at the middle portion of the Guaniguanico massif, the major mountain range of western Cuba (Figures 33, 36). Biology. Collecting sites are restricted to the Viñales mountain valley (75–200 m). Species inhabits the semideciduous limestone forest at the base of mogotes (Figures 68, 69). Its host plant and immature stages are unknown. Remarks. The genetic distance between central and western populations (1.4 %) of Calisto aquilum is about half the value considered as an indicator of specific differentiation, 2 % (Hajibabaei et al. 2006; Huemer & Hebert 2011). Further collecting of more specimens of C. aquilum occidentalis, including males, and the description of their respective immature stages will contribute to confirm these findings. From sympatric C. bradleyi and C. herophile, Calisto aquilum occidentalis differs by 8.6 and 7.1 %, respectively.Published as part of Aguila, Rayner Núñez, Matos- Maraví, Pável F. & Wahlberg, Niklas, 2013, New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 503-521 in Zootaxa 3669 (4) on pages 516-517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/24942
Calisto torrei Nunez, sp. n.
No full textCalisto torrei Núñez sp. n. Figures 1 –4, 17–18, 23, 26, 29, 33, 34, 37–50 Type material. Holotype— 3, CUBA, Sancti Spiritus, Banao, ascent to (“subida a” in the original label) La Sabina, 450m, 10 /V/2012, 21° 52 ' 48 "N 79 ° 35 ' 32 "W, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–01 (M065). Deposited in CZACC. Paratypes— 9 3, 7 Ƥ: same data as holotype (1 3); northern slope of (“ladera norte de” in the original label) Pico Potrerillo, 750–850m, 11 /V/2012, 21° 53 ' 27 "N 80 °00' 49 "W, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–02 (M066) (3 3); Topes de Collante, Mi Retiro, V/2002, 21° 53 ' 41 "N 80 °01'02"W, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM 15 –01 (M047), genitalia 3 & Ƥ in glycerine, prep. legs RNA 209 / 210, wings RNA 166 / 199 / 241 (2 3, 2 Ƥ);; Deposited in CZACC. Cienfuegos, Buenos Aires, 600m, 16 /VI/1967, 21° 59 ' 13 "N 80 ° 11 ' 20 "W, prep. wings RNA 272 (1 Ƥ); same data as preceding except V/ 2006, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM07– 11 (M018), genitalia in glycerine, prep. wings RNA 197 (1 Ƥ); Pico San Juan, 1140m, V/2006, 21° 59 ' 25 "N 80 °08' 50 "W, R. Núñez (2 3); same data as preceding except 12 /V/ 2012, R. Núñez, DNA voucher RN01–03 (M067) (1 3, 2Ƥ); same data as preceding except ex ova, emerged 10 /VIII/ 2012 (1 Ƥ). Deposited in CZACC. Etymology. The name honors Salvador Luis de La Torre who devoted his life to the study of Cuban Lepidoptera and described several native Calisto taxa. Diagnosis. Calisto torrei is superficially most similar to Calisto bradleyi Munroe 1950, Calisto muripetens Bates 1939 and Calisto occulta Núñez 2012. From the first, it differs by its larger average size: forewing length (FWL) 3 (Mean ±SD) = 21.3 ±1.0 mm, N= 10 Ƥ FWL= 23.2 ±1.0, N= 6 versus 3 FWL= 19.3 ± 0.8 mm, N= 15, Ƥ FWL= 19.4 ± 1.1 MM, N= 15. Calisto torrei also differs by the presence of an apical rounded lobe on androconial patch and the lack of a small bar of iridescent blue scales at underside of anal lobe that is present in C. bradleyi. From C. muripetens and C. occulta, C.torrei differs by having the anterior margin of androconial patch located behind the posterior margin of cell instead ahead, so its overall shape is slender Calisto torrei has also a smaller area of the cell, about 33–40 %, covered by red scales whereas in C. muripetens and C. occulta this area is 50–66 %. Internally, C. bradleyi female genitalia of is proportionally smaller and its dorsal crown is very thin compared to that of C. torrei. Description. Forewing length 3 19.7 –23.0 mm, Ƥ 21.2–24.3 mm. Dorsal surface of wings brown, uniform in both sexes; male androconial patch darker than background, almost black, anterior margin behind posterior margin of cell, overall shape as an obtuse slender triangle due to oblique outer margin (Figures 1, 3, 23). Ventral wing surface brown with darker lines, background slightly paler distal of post discal line; forewing ocellus with two bluish white iridescent pupils, post discal line externally edged with pale yellow scaling at ocellus area; cell colored red at the middle half to two thirds, both base and apex brown-colored as surrounding background; hindwing background mixed with pale yellow and ochre scales basal to post discal line which is externally edge by pale yellow scaling, heavier around ocellus; post discal area splashed with pale yellow and lilac scales and three white dots at vein interspaces M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3 and M 3 –Cu 1, central dot of row distinctly larger than others; both subterminal lines slightly rust-colored near apex (Figures 2, 4, 17, 18). Male genitalia with tegumen about two thirds the length of uncus, flat and rounded at posterior half; uncus slightly arched and gradually tapering toward apex; digitiform projection of valvae stout, slightly curved to straight at both margins; aedeagus sinuate with an almost indistinct left curve at basal and a pronounced right curve at middle of apical half (Figure 26). Female genitalia with dorsal crown tall, height about 0.4 x width; corpus bursae about the same length of ductus bursae (Figure 29). Distribution. Calisto torrei has been collected in few localities on both sections of the Guamuhaya massif (Alturas de Banao and Alturas de Trinidad), the major mountain range of central Cuba (Figures 33, 34). Biology. Collecting sites are at low to moderate elevations (450–1140 m). Habitats include broad leaf evergreen forest, rainforest, and mogotes' (limestome hills) vegetation complex (Figures 37–40). Individuals have been observed taking nectar on Palicourea domingensis (Rubiaceae). On May 13 th 2012 a captive female laid two pale yellow eggs glued to the walls of a plastic container. After 24 hours, egg color turned beige with tiny orange brown spots. A single larva hatched 7 days after oviposition and ate the entire corion. First instar (Figure 41) — Head width 0.72 mm, height 0.70 mm. Initial length 3.50 mm, final length 4.9 mm. Head dark brown, almost black; body pale beige with 7 thin reddish brown longitudinal lines. After feeding on grass, the background turned pale green. First molt occurred after 7 days. Second to fifth instars (Figures 42–47) After first molt, the coloration of larva changed to a new pattern that persisted through subsequent instars with the only variation being a gradual darkening toward final instar. Head width, height, final length and duration of second to fifth instars were: 0.93, 0.98, 8.5 mm, and 7 days at the 2 nd, l. 30, 1.33, 12 mm, and 9 days at the 3 rd, 1.85, 1.95, 17 mm, and 11 days at the 4 th, and 2.58, 2.82, 25 mm, and 15 days at the 5 th, respectively. Head background pale grayish brown with the following dark brown, almost black, marks: lateral vertical lines from stemmata to horns continue to meet at middle of top of head; X shaped mark with upper arms short, almost indistinct on the epicranium; a transverse band across the frontoclypeus interrupted at the middle of frons. Body background stramineous with an increasing ochre tint toward final instar; dorsal line pale brown with dots on sides at the middle of each segment; other lines only slightly darker than background and gradually fading toward last abdominal segment; subdorsal lines in zig zag with angles closest to dorsal line at the beginning and end of each segment; suprastigmatal line the thickest one, straight, darkened forming dots over spiracles; stigmatal and infrastigmatal lines thinner, convex between spiracles. After it stopped feeding, the mature larva remained straight for 2 days, emptied its digestive tract, wove a thin silk thread and hung head down, in J position, and pupated one day later. Pupa (Figures 48–50) — Length 12 mm, maximum width 4.8 mm. Background pale brownish gray, darker at sides of abdomen; a pair of ventral black dots on eyes and another pair at apex of metathoracic tibiae; diffuse orange coloration at the base of labial palpi and at sides of antennae tips; a row of tiny dark brown dots on veins near wing outer margin; wing sheaths with a darker diffuse spot at the middle and another darker near costa at apical third; abdomen with a dark brown line on sides, abdomen with dorsal transverse ridges reduced to a pairs of small crests on segments 1 to 6; last abdominal segment long, stout, cremaster area enlarged, broad and slightly flattened. The adult emerged in the afternoon, 3 to 4:00 pm, of August 10 th after 11 days. Total developing time was 93 days. The natural host plant is unknown. Remarks. Calisto torrei represents one of the “orphan” lineages found in the molecular results of Núñez et al. (2012), where it was represented by the specimen coded as PM07- 11. Following this lead, the new taxon was discovered after reviewing the available collections, the field collection of more individuals including immature stages, and the sequencing of more specimens. It was confused with sympatric Calisto muripetens Bates by Fontenla & Rodríguez (1990) and Núñez et al. (2012). DNA analysis showed genetic distances of 5.0 and 8.5 % from sympatric C. muripetens and C. aquilum (a new species described below), respectively. Close relatives, C. bradleyi and C. occulta, are separated by 4.8 % and 5.0% and have their populations more than 300 and 450 km away, respectively. Intraspecific variation was 0.15 % for C. torrei (4 specimens, 4 localities), 0% for both C. bradleyi (3 specimens, 1 locality) and C. muripetens (3 specimens, 3 localities), and 0.82 % for C. occulta (5 specimens, 2 localities). Immature stages also showed diagnostic features for C. torrei. Element patterns of larval head and body exhibit a unique configuration when compared with larvae of other Cuban Calisto including those of Calisto bruneri Michener 1949, C. muripetens and C. bradleyi that will be described in a future article. Similarly the pupa shows a characteristic grayish ochre background different from that of C. occulta, which is yellower, although it exhibits a comparable spot pattern.Published as part of Aguila, Rayner Núñez, Matos- Maraví, Pável F. & Wahlberg, Niklas, 2013, New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 503-521 in Zootaxa 3669 (4) on pages 504-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/24942
A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
No full textA species belonging to the hysius group of Calisto is newly described. Calisto bahoruco new species inhabits the easternmost area of the southern Hispaniola Sierra de Bahoruco. The species is closely related to C. hysius Godart, another endemic from the southern mountains. The two species differ in average forewing length (larger in C. hysius), the relative size of ocelli (larger in C. bahoruco), and in the darker ground color with more contrasted paler edges of lines at underside of wings in C. bahoruco compared to C. hysius. Their male genitalia differ in the shape of the uncus and in the heavier sclerotization in C. bahoruco. COI barcodes bear a minimum of 15 differences between the two species. All species delimitation methods applied to the COI dataset, ABGD, BIN, bPTP, mPTP, and PTP yielded 8 species. The exception was the GMYC that failed to recognize the new taxon and oversplitted several other taxa. COI gene tree obtained by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian have identical topologies agreeing with a multilocus phylogeny reconstructed in a previous work on Calisto and placing the new taxon as sister of C. hysius. Additionally, we provide new evidence of the conspecific nature of all named populations within Calisto grannus group. </jats:p
Two eighteenth-century English adaptations of the Celestina : Celestina: or the Spanish bawd : a tragi-comedy; and the Bawd of Madrid.
No full textPhDThe introductory chapter discusses previous studies of Celestina
imitations and adaptations, and the position of early Celestinesque
works in Spanish literature. I then move further afield to investigate
the diffusion of the Celestina in the rest of Europe, especially in
England. Chapter II comments on the general influence of Spain on
English literature with particular reference to the two eighteenth-century
adaptations of the Celestina. Chapter III suggests some
implications of the simultaneous appearance of these two adaptations.
Chapters IV-VI are devoted to a closer examination of the dramatic
adaptation, A Tragi-Comedy; an investigation into its sources, and
the manner in which it remodels its original for the stages culminates
in a discussion of the adapters' identity. Chapters VII-IX deal with
The Bawd of Madrid; a biographical sketch of its author, Captain
Stevens, is followed by a discussion of which version of the Celestina
he used and of the sources for the description of Madrid in his first
chapter. Chapter IX looks at the way he reworks the Spanish Tragi-comedia
into a narrative account. I bring together in Chapter X
elements from both adaptations for purposes of comparison. The final
chapter shows the similarities between the fictional world of the
Celestina and the environment of early eighteenth-century London, and
I suggest why these English adaptations may have been particularly
apposite at this time
Calisto bahoruco Perez
No full textCalisto bahoruco Pérez –Asso, Núñez & Genaro, new species Figures 1–6, 9–10 Diagnosis. Calisto bahoruco n. sp. requires comparison with its closest relative C. hysius. Both have a similar color pattern but differ in several characters. Average FWL is smaller in C. bahoruco, 15 mm in males (n=5) and 16.8 mm females (n=5), than in C. hysius, 16.5 mm in males (n=7), 18.3 mm in females (n=4). Ocelli are distinctly larger in C. bahoruco with a median of the ratio ocellus largest diameter/wing length of 0.20 at FW and 0.18 at HW. Values in C. hysius are 0.17 and 0.14 at FW and HW respectively. Wing pattern of C. bahoruco shows a darker background on the under surface, the discal of the HW is straighter and smooth, the overall pale scaling on the distal edge of lines is much more contrasting compared to the equivalent in C. hysius which shows a paler ground colour, less contrasting distal edges of lines and the discal line more irregular than that in C. bahoruco. Genitalia are very similar in both sexes, however, the tegumen of C. hysius male broadly protrudes backwards compared to that of C. bahoruco (Figs. 13, 14), and in addition the male structure of the latter is notably more sclerotized (Fig. 13). The minimum pairwise K2P genetic distance among C. bahoruco n. sp. and a representative of the hysius group is to C. hysius, 2.3%, with intraspecific genetic distances averaging 0.14 and 0.05% respectively (Table 2). Comparison of COI barcodes belonging to both species showed C. hysius has a cytosine at positions 187 and 517, characters absent from any other hysius group member including C. bahoruco n. sp. (Table 3). The barcode of the latter species bears a thymine at position 220 whereas C. hysius possesses cytosine. However, this character is not exclusive since it is present in two sequences of C. batesi, all remaining 207 analyzed sequences bear a cytosine in that position. Additional non exclusive nucleotide positions distinguishing the COI barcodes of both species are mentioned in the Species delimitation methods section. Description. Male (Figs 1–4): FWL 14.2–16.2 mm. Upper surface blackish brown, FW with triangular androconial patch from base to the cell on the area below the latter. Underside dark brown, paler beyond the post discal line on the FW. Discal cell with a red spot outwardly edged by a transverse blackish brown line. FW post discal line with a narrow pale yellow band on its outer edge. FW ocellus moderately large, circular, with two white pupils and edged below by a red spot. HW dark brown, background color formed by a mix of dark brown and pale yellow scales. HW discal line moderately straight outwardly edged by a narrow but distinctive band of white scales. HW ocellus elliptical, with a single basal white pupil and a trace of white scales along its larger axis; area around external ring rusty colored. Area above ocellus with four tiny white dots being the one at Sc–Rs interspace the smaller. Post discal and subterminal lines edged by pale yellow contrasting scales on the outer and inner sides respectively. Genitalia (Fig. 13). As illustrated. Female (Figs 5, 6): FWL 15.7–17.9 mm. Similar to male except: Upperside of wings brown, outer half of wings paler. Outer third of the four wings with a rusty spot at central position. Genitalia (Fig. 15). As illustrated. HOLOTYPE. Male. Villa Nizao, Paraíso, Barahona, República Dominicana, 5–VIII–2014, A. R. Pérez – Asso & A. López coll., DNA voucher code JAGWI –1018 (VGRC). PARATYPES. 4♂, 5♀, same data as holotype except DNA voucher codes JAGWI–1015, 1016, 1018, R–114, R–115 (VGRC). Genitalia slide preparations ♂: Rh1745, Rh1752, and ♀: Rh1747 (ZSM). Distribution (Fig. 17). Only known from the type locality, Villa Nizao, Barahona province, at the foothills of eastern extreme of Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. Apparently the species also inhabits several localities around the type locality, all at Barahona province (see Discussion). Natural history. Unknown. The type series was collected only at the type locality, a secondary mesic forest mixed with coffee plantations. Comparative examined material. Calisto hysius: Type. Satyrus hyisus 68, Godart (RSM). Reviewed through pictures available at Butterflies of America website (Warren et al. 2015). Additional material (9♂, 4♀): camino de Los Arroyos a Ojo de Agua, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 28– VII–2010, A. López, A. R. Pérez –Asso & J. A. Genaro colls., DNA voucher codes WI–JAG–493–497 (5 ♂). Same data as anterior except July 2010, J. A. Genaro & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls., DNA voucher code WI–JAG–549 (♂). El Aguacate, 1055 m, pinar, Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 9–Jun–2011, A. López & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls. (3 ♀). Zapoten, 1545 m, pinar, Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 11– Jun–2011, A. López & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls. (1 ♂, 1 ♀). Las Abejas, pinar–latifoliado, PN Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 20–11–2011, A. R. Pérez – Asso & A. López colls. (2 ♂). (VGRC). Genitalia slide preparations ♂: Rh 1743, Rh 1746, and ♀: Rh1739, Rh1744 (ZSM).Published as part of Hausmann, Axel, 2017, A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 4317 (1) on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/87994
Taxonomic reassessment of species within the chrysaoros group of Calisto (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)
No full textThe taxonomic status of the Hispaniolan species of Calisto Hübner, 1823 included in the chrysaoros group is reassessed. Morphological data and COI barcode sequences were analysed through different methods: Neighbour-Joining clustering, ABGD, Median-Joining Haplotype Network, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference. Analyses yielded two deeply separated groups or putative species: C. clydoniata and C. chrysaoros. A shallower split was found, except in the Bayesian Inference approach, among populations of southern and northern Hispaniola palaeo-islands. In light of these findings we propose the recognition of two species: C. clydoniata and C. chrysaoros. Within the latter, the populations of the southern and northern Hispaniola palaeo-islands should be recognised as different subspecies: C. chrysaoros chrysaoros Bates and C. chrysaoros galii Schwartz, respectively. Calisto clenchi, syn. nov. is a synonym of C. chrysaoros chrysaoros whereas C. galii galli, syn. nov. and C. galii choneupsilon, syn. nov. are synonyms of C. chrysaoros galii.</jats:p
LO STOCCAGGIO E L'OMOGENEIZZAZIONE DEI MATERIALI SCIOLTI: PROBLEMATICHE APPROCCIO METODOLOGICO E LORO MODELLIZZAZIONE INTERATTIVA
No full textLo stato delle conoscenze sulle questioni della omogeneizzazione e dello stoccaggio dei materiali sciolti nell’industria è stato oggetto di una approfondita ricerca bibliografica, cui ha fatto seguito una impostazione metodologica e di tecnica della modellizzazione e simulazione dei processi. Su tali basi sono stati costruiti modelli semplificati di elementi costitutivi degli impianti di omogeneizzazione. In questa nota vengono presentati i risultati essenziali dell’analisi con particolare riguardo alla metodologie adottate e all’affidabilità delle procedure seguite. Vengono quindi analizzate le problematiche connesse alla attuazione pratica della modellizzazione e simulazione su computer di un processo di omogeneizzazione e stoccaggio mediante stockpile longitudinale e si descrivono le grandi linee dell’impostazione metodologica e tecnica per la costruzione del modello dei processi e delle caratteristiche di alimentazione
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