1,787 research outputs found
[Bula, 1584-01-06]
No full textTratase do Auto que da o Nuncio Apostólico á Orden de Santiago para que se garde e respete a Bula.Texto datado en la Villa de Madrid á 10 de julio de 1624.Só a Bula está en latín, o demais en castelan.Sign. : A-C\p2\sÓ final do texto aparece unha greca, gravado xilográfic
KERUSAKAN RUAS JALAN BANGGOI–BULA KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN TIMUR
No full textAbstract
The condition of the Banggoi-Bula Road, in Eastern Seram Regency, is experiencing sinking damage, longitu-dinal cracks, and crocodile cracks. The aim of this research is to analyze the type and level of damage, design culverts, and determine the thickness of the pavement on the Banggoi-Bula Road Section. Determining the type of damage was carried out using the Pavement Condition Index method, culvert design using hydrological analysis, while determining the thickness of flexible pavement was carried out using the Pavement Design Manual 2017 method. After reviewing the condition of the road pavement surface that occurred on the Banggoi-Bula Road Section, it was concluded that the road damage conditions observed were at a moderate to very poor level. The culverts on this road section are designed to be 1.5 m wide and 1.8 m high. From the results of the road pavement analysis, the pavement design for the Banggoi-Bula Road Section was obtained, using a flexible type of pavement, with an AC-WC surface layer thickness of 40 mm, an AC-BC layer thickness of 60 mm, and the thickness of the class A foundation layer is 400 mm. Keywords: road; road damage; Pavement Condition Index; flexible pavement; culverts
Abstrak
Kondisi jalan pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur mengalami kerusakan amblas, retak memanjang, dan retak kulit buaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jenis dan tingkat kerusakan, merancang gorong-gorong, dan menentukan tebal perkerasan pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula tersebut. Penentuan jenis-jenis kerusakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index, perancangan gorong-gorong menggunakan analisis hidrologi, sedangkan penentuan tebal perkerasan lentur dilakukan dengan meng-gunakan metode Manual Desain Perkerasan 2017. Setelah melakukan tinjauan kondisi permukaan perkerasan jalan yang terjadi pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula, disimpulkan bahwa kondisi kerusakan di jalan yang diamati berada pada Tingkat Kerusakan sedang sampai dengan sangat buruk. Gorong-gorong di ruas jalan ini dirancang dengan lebar 1,5 m dan tinggi 1,8 m. Dari hasil analisis terhadap perkerasan jalan, didapat suatu desain perke-rasan untuk Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula, menggunakan jenis perkerasan lentur, dengan tebal lapis permukaan AC-WC 40 mm, tebal lapis AC-BC 60 mm, dan tebal lapis fondasi kelas A 400 mm.
Kata-kata kunci: jalan; kerusakan jalan; Pavement Condition Index; perkerasan lentur; gorong-goron
Evaluation of ultrafiltration process for the valorization of phytonutrients in crude palm oil (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) for food application
No full textilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablasLas deficiencias por micronutrientes, en especial por vitamina A, son frecuentes en algunas regiones del país y del mundo, especialmente durante la primera infancia donde una carencia de esta vitamina genera las tasas más altas de enfermedades y mortalidad en esta población. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los resultados de la última Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN), se estima que diariamente se requiere una ingesta de 300 µg y 800 µg equivalente en retinol (ER) de este micronutriente en población infantil y adultos, respectivamente. Este requerimiento no necesariamente logra cumplirse principalmente por los problemas de seguridad alimentaria que limitan el acceso a alimentos en donde este micronutriente se encuentra de manera natural. El aceite de palma crudo (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) es una de las fuentes vegetales con mayor aporte de fitonutrientes con actividad biológica, como carotenoides provitamina A y vitamina E. En consecuencia, esta materia prima se constituye como un valioso recurso nutricional, sobre todo, por su alta disponibilidad debido al actual posicionamiento del país como mayor productor de aceite de palma en América y el cuarto en mundo. Debido a las preferencias de los consumidores, el aceite de palma crudo se somete a un proceso de refinación, donde se retiran en mayor medida estos fitonutrientes beneficiosos. Para brindar una solución a este problema, a través de esta investigación se estudió un método alternativo para el aprovechar estos nutrientes, en este caso, a través del proceso de ultrafiltración con membranas poliméricas como una metodología verde que permite realizar el desgomado del aceite, conservando la concentración inicial de fitonutrientes y retirando parte de los compuestos que pueden generar sabores residuales desagradables en el aceite como los fosfátidos. De esta manera, habría mayor oportunidad para emplear el aceite de palma crudo dentro de la formulación de alimentos funcionales. Para desarrollar esta investigación, se realizó primeramente un muestreo de aceite de palma crudo O×G en tres plantas de beneficio de fruto, las cuales fueron caracterizadas químicamente con relación a la concentración de carotenoides, tocoferoles (Tocs) y tocotrienoles (T3s), obteniéndose aceites con rangos entre 604,12±3,85 mg/kg - 865,63 ±14,96 mg/kg de carotenoides totales y entre 381,36±3,92 mg/kg – 835,62±8,65 mg/kg de Tocs and T3s, permitiendo seleccionar la muestra con mayor contenido de estos compuestos y que posteriormente pudiera ser empleada para ensayos de ultrafiltración en donde se determinaron las condiciones adecuadas de desgomado empleando dos materiales de membrana: polietersulfona (PES) y fluoruro de polivinileno (PVDF) considerando como factores la presión transmembranaria (PTM) y la temperatura. Una vez obtenidas estas condiciones, se realizó un estudio de estabilidad del permeado de ultrafiltración (UF) frente al aceite de palma crudo (APC) como control. Una vez conocida la estabilidad de esta matriz oleosa, se realizó un acercamiento a posibles usos del UF través del desarrollo de un alimento horneado, mostrando una retención del 93,27±0,37% de los carotenoides y del 99,99±0,00% de Tocs y T3s posterior al horneado. Esta investigación fue el resultado del trabajo en conjunto entre plantas extractoras de aceite, destacadas por su producción de aceite crudo de palma O×G, la Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite – Cenipalma, Fedepalma y el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, logrando de esta manera, obtener inicialmente a escala laboratorio, en grado de madurez tecnológica-TRL4, el desarrollo de una estrategia innovadora que podría abrir a futuro una alternativa para la obtención de líneas de proceso en el gremio palmicultor para el aprovechamiento de los fitonutrientes de alto valor del aceite de palma crudo O×G (Texto tomado de la fuente).Micronutrient deficiencies, especially in vitamin A, are common in certain regions of the country and the world, particularly during early childhood, where a deficiency of this vitamin leads to the highest rates of disease and mortality in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the results of the latest Encuesta de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN), a daily intake of 300 µg and 800 µg equivalent in retinol (RE) of this micronutrient is estimated to be required in children and adults, respectively. This requirement is not met due to food security issues that limit access to foods where this micronutrient is naturally found. Crude palm oil (E. oleifera×E. guineensis) is one of the natural sources with high contribution of phytonutrients with biological activity, such as provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E. Consequently, this raw material constitutes a valuable nutritional resource, especially due to its high availability resulting from the country's current position as the largest palm oil producer in the Americas and the fourth largest in the world. Due to consumer preferences, crude palm oil undergoes a refining process, where these beneficial phytonutrients are removed. To address this problem, this research studied an alternative method to harness these nutrients, in this case, through the ultrafiltration process using polymeric membranes that allows degumming the oil, preserving the initial concentration of phytonutrients while it is removing compounds that generate off-flavors in the oil such as phospholipids. This would provide greater opportunity to use crude palm oil in the formulation of functional foods. The aim of this research was sampling O×G crude oil in three palm oil mill plant, which were chemically characterized in terms of carotenoid concentration, tocopherols (Tocs), and tocotrienols (T3s), obtaining oils with ranges between 604,12±3,85 mg/kg - 865,63 ±14,96 mg/kg of total carotenoids and between 381,36±3,92 mg/kg – 835,62±8,65 mg/kg of Tocs and T3s. These results allowed to selected the sample with the highest content of these compounds which was subsequently used for ultrafiltration trials where the appropriate degumming conditions were determined evaluating two membrane materials: polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), considering factors such as transmembrane pressure (TMP) and temperature. Once these conditions were obtained, a stability study of the ultrafiltration (UF) permeate against crude palm oil (CPO) as control was conducted. Once the stability of this oily matrix was known, an approach to uses of UF was made through the development of a baked food, showing a retention of 93.27±0.37% of carotenoids and 99.99±0.00% of Tocs and T3s after baking. This research was the result of collaborative work between oil extraction plants, with high production of O×G crude palm oil, the Colombian Oil Research Center – Cenipalma, the National Federation of Oil Palm Growers (Fedepalma), and the Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, thus achieving initially at a laboratory scale, (Technology Readiness level - TRL4), the development of an innovative strategy that could potentially open up an alternative for obtaining process lines in the palm growers' guild for the utilization of the high-value phytonutrients from crude palm oil O×G.Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá a través de la Convocatoria UN Innova: Convocatoria de Proyectos para el Fortalecimiento de la Innovación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia a partir del Desarrollo de Prototipos y Experiencias Piloto 2019-2021 (segunda cohorte) (Código del proyecto: 53539) y contrapartida de la Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite - CenipalmaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, a través de la Convocatoria de financiación parcial de proyectos de tesis de doctorado y maestría de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, sede Bogotá (Código del Proyecto: 49641)DoctoradoDoctor en Ciencia y Tecnología de AlimentosCiencia y Tecnología de Productos Agroalimentario
Analysis of Damage to Banggoi-Bula Road Section Eastern Seram District
No full textConditions on the Banggoi-Bula Road, Eastern Seram Regency. Suffering from sinking damage, longitudinal cracks and crocodile skin. And the road was widened from the direction of the village of Jakarta Baru to the city of Bula, because the contour of the road was very extreme. The aim of this research is to analyze the type and level of damage, plan the culverts at STA 44+645, 45+400, 45+350 and determine the thickness of the pavement layer on the Banggoi-Bula Road section. The research can determine the type of damage on the Banggoi – Bula STA 43+350 and STA 25+213-25+800 roads loaded using the PCI method, determine the thickness of flexible pavement on the Banggoi-Bula Road section using the 2017 Pavement Design Manual method, and determine planning culverts on the Banggoi- Bula Road. After observing the condition of the road pavement surface that occurred on the Banggoi-Bula Road section, the types of damage were subsidence, longitudinal cracks and crocodile skin cracks. on the Jakarta Baru-Bula Road section starting from STA 43+350, 25+213-25+800 after averaging segment 1 at 20% Very bad level of damage (very bad), segment 2 PCI value at 53% Moderate level of damage (fair), and the PCI segment 3 value is 47%. The level of damage is moderate (fair), so the level of damage is bad so that appropriate handling is based on the 2017 Bina Marga method, which is included in the regular maintenance program. From the research results, the dimensions of the culvert channels at STA 44+645, 45+400, and 45+350 were found to be 1.5 m/sec, with a discharge of 4.0187. and from the results of the flexible pavement research analysis, the traffic value on the planned lane is 769,688.64 or 0.76 million ESA5, the thickness of the AC-WC surface layer is 40 mm, the thickness of the AC-BC layer is 60 mm and the thickness of the class A foundation layer is 400 mm
Promoting self-directed learning skills of 5-6-year-old children in the field of mathematics education
No full textKvalifikācijas darba tēma ir 5 – 6 gadus vecu bērnu pašvadītas mācīšanās caurviju prasmes sekmēšana matemātikas mācību jomā. Darba autore: Jolanta Bula Mērķis: teorētiski un praktiski analizēt 5 - 6 gadus vecu bērnu pašvadītas mācīšanās caurviju prasmes sekmēšanu matemātikas mācību jomā. Kvalifikācijas darba struktūra sastāv no divām nodaļām: teorētiskās un empīriskās – praktiskās daļas. Darba pirmajā nodaļā tiek apskatītas dažādu autoru – B.J.Zimmermana, R.Maklīna, D.Vilsona, A.Banduras, H.G.Šmita u.c. atziņas par pašvadītu mācīšanos. Tiek aprakstīta pedagoga un mācību vides nozīme pašvadītas mācīšanās caurviju prasmes sekmēšanai matemātikas mācību jomā. Darba otrā nodaļa atspoguļo autores praktisko darbību. Pētījumā tika veikts pētāmās grupas bērnu raksturojums un autores praktiskais darbs matemātikas mācību joma centrā. Tiek raksturota pētījuma metode, veikts pētījums un pētījumu rezultātu analīze. Kvalifikācijas darba apjoms: 39 lapas, ievads, teorētiskā daļa sastāv no 1 nodaļas ar 2 apakšnodaļām, empīriskā daļa sastāv no 1 nodaļas ar 2 apakšnodaļām, 4 attēli, 4 tabulas, 2 diagrammas, secinājumi, 43 literatūras un citi avoti. Atslēgas vārdi: pašvadīta mācīšanās, matemātikas mācību joma, patstāvība, paša izvēlētas darbības, didaktiskie materiāli.Qualification work topic is Promoting self – directed learning skills of 5 -6 years old children in the field of mathematics education. Author: Jolanta Bula Goal: Theoretically and practically analyze promoting self – directed learning skills of 5 -6 years old children in the field of mathematics education. Qualification work structure consists of two chapters: theoretical and empirical – practical part. In the first chapter insights from different authors: B.J.Zimmerman, R.Maclean, D.Wilson, A.Bandura, H.G.Schmidt and others are reviewed in perspective of self – directing learning. In the chapter the importance of the teacher and environment for self – directed learning skill development in the mathematics field is explained. The second chapter explains the practical work of author. In the research, the characteristics of the children in the research group and the practical work of the author in the center of the field of mathematics were carried out. Then the research method is explained, conducted research and analysis of research results are described. The extent of qualification work: 39 pages, introduction, the theoretical part consists of 1chapter with 2 subsections, empirical part consists of 1 chapter wits 2 subsections, 4 images, 4 tables, 2 diagrams, conclusion and 43 literary and other sources. Key words: self – directed learning, field of mathematics, indenpendance, self – selected actions, didactic materials.
Physical activity group space for the adaptation of 2-3 years old children
No full textKvalifikācijas darba temats ir: Fiziskās aktivitātes 2-3 gadīgu bērniem grupas telpā adaptācijas laikā Kvalifikācijas darba mērķis : Izpētīt fizisko aktivitāšu labvēlīgu ietekmi uz 2-3 gadīgo bērnu attīstību adaptācijas periodā Darbs izstrādāts pismsskolas vecuma bērnu labvēlīgai adoptācijai izmantojot fiziskās aktivitātes 1.Fizisko aktivitāšu nozīme bērnu attīstībā 2.Metodes un fiziskās akvitātes labvēlīgai adaptācijai Darbā tiek parādīts, kā ar sporta inventāru nodrošināta, daudzveidīga mācību vide un speciāli izraudzītas fiziskās aktivitātes un rotaļas var labvēlīgi ietekmēt bērna adaptācijas periodu pirmsskolā. Atslēgas vārdi: fiziskās aktivitātes, bērni , nodarbības, adaptācija Pētījuma metodes: teorētiskā analīze, pedagoģiskā novērošana Kopējais darba apjoms ir 36 lappuses, kurā ietilps 4 tabulas un 6 pielikumi. Darba autore: Diāna Kodaļeva Zinātniskā vadītāja: Dr.pead., vec.pasn. Inta Bula-Biteniece.Qalification work is:Physical activity group space for the adaptation of 2-3 years old children The aim of the research: To investigate the beneficial effects of physical activity on the development of 2-3 year old children in the adaptation period. The work is designed for the positive adaptation of pre-school chidren to physical activity 1. The role of physical activity in the development of children 2. Methods and physical acuity for beneficial adaptation The process of work shows that a variety of learning environments provided with sports equipment, with specially selected physical activities and playgrounds, can positively influence the child's adaptation period in the pre-school. The key words: physical exercises, children, activities, adaptation Methods of the research: theoretical analysis, pedagogical observation, Amount: pages 36, tables 4 and 6 appendices Author: Diana Kodaleva Scentific advister: Dr.pead., doc Inta Bula-Biteniece
The Tombs of Burfat Tribe at Taung, Thana Bula Khan, Sindh (Pakistan)
No full textThis paper deals with the tombs of the Burfats in small
village Taung in Thana Bula Khan. There are four graveyards Rankan Waro or Mehmmod jo
Qaburistan, Jam Lohar jo Muqam, Jam Aali jo Muqam and Boshen jo Muqam in and around
Taung which are generally called Taung tombs. In this paper, the author has discussed
about these four graveyards which are located south and north of Taung village
respectively. The author has also discussed the role of the Burfats tribe in the
socio-political history of Sindh. While discussing the role of tribe, particular
attention has been given to illustrious dignitaries of the
tribe. </strong
Tolerance and development
No full textOne central obstacle in the way of modernizing societies in the Third World is the difficulty of combining tolerance and development the author studies the social, cultural and political conditions which favor social and economic development., avoiding economic reductionism of the kind which sees the market and economic growth as the only path to development as well as that which sees the disappearance of capitalism as the cure for all evils. Bula says that all societies are conflictive by nature, but some manage to solve their conflicts by consensus. In the Third World there are a number of economic and political interests opposed tothe opening up of society", and progress towards equi ty and solidarity will only be achieved with contradiction and conflict". The challenge is therefore to form a "new paradigm" for democracy which gives values and qualitative growth priority over quantitative growth; one that prizes the quality of life and the environment. This is the task of society as a whole, from which the new social movements will produce the leading agents in the new paradigm.Un obstáculo central para construir sociedades modernas en el Tercer Mundo es la dificultad para combinar la tolerancia con el desarrollo. El autor estudia las condiciones sociales, culturales y políticas que favorecen el desarrollo social y económico, evitando el reduccionismo económico, tanto el que ve en el mercado y en el crecimiento la única vía para el desarrollo como el que ve en la desaparición del capitalismo la solución a todos los males. Afirma que todas las sociedades son conflictivas por naturaleza, aunque algunas han logrado resolver sus conflictos mediante consenso. En el tercer mundo existen numerosos intereses económicos y políticos que se oponen a la apertura de espacios sociales y sólo “a través de un proceso contradictorio y conflictivo se avanzará hacia una sociedad equitativa y solidaria”. Así el reto es configurar un “nuevo paradigma” democrático que dé prioridad a los valores, al crecimiento cualitativo antes que el cuantitativo, a la calidad de vida y del medio ambiente. Y esta tarea es responsabilidad de la sociedad civil, dentro de la cual los nuevos movimientos sociales serán los actores del nuevo paradigma
Ecnomina bula Cartwright 2008, sp. nov.
No full textEcnomina bula sp. nov. Figs 135–137, 187 Diagnosis. Ecnomina bula is distinguished from others in the group by the apices of the fused inferior appendages, which in ventral view are narrowly separated by a V-shaped notch. Description. Head, body and wings brown, abdomen paler ventrally; wings similar to E. legula (Fig. 3). Forewing length about 3.0–3.1 times width: male 3.5–4.3 mm; female 3.9–4.4. Forewing fork 2 relatively long, sessile, length about 1.3–1.4 times length of fork 3; fork 3 relatively long, with short footstalk, fork about 4 times length footstalk, footstalk length about 1.3–1.4 times length cross-vein m, r-m and m nearly contiguous at fork 3, r-m and m separated by about 0.8–1.0 times length of cross-vein m; fork 4 shorter than fork 3; fork 5 long, length about twice length of fork 4. Hindwing length about 3.3–3.4 times width, fork 2 sessile, length about 1.8 times length of fork 3. Male. Tergum X membranous, fused basally, with two pairs of dorsal processes, a robust mesal pair and a slender pair laterally (Fig. 137), a ventral process also present. Superior appendages in lateral view, robust, broad basally, tapered in distal half, length about twice width (Fig. 135); in dorsal view, length about 3 times width, with several spines in distal third, dilated slightly distally (Fig. 137). Phallus with slightly down turned ventral process and dorsal process apically (Fig. 135). Inferior appendages short, fused basally, dorso-ventrally flattened; in ventral view, length about same as width, broad basally, rounded baso-laterally, excised slightly disto-laterally, with apices narrowly separated by small V-shaped notch (Fig. 136); in lateral view, relatively slender, tapered slightly distally (Fig. 135). Female. Genitalia with a single short, robust mesal process, slightly truncate apically, on sternite VIII; segment IX relatively long, tapered slightly distally, segment X relatively short and segments IX and X relatively slender (Fig. 187). Holotype male: New South Wales, Wallagaraugh R., Princes Hwy bridge (about 37°23'S, 149°42'E), 29 Jan 1975, A.N. (NMV, T-19788). Paratypes: New South Wales. 5 males (specimen CT-427 figured), 2 females (specimen CT-548 figured), collected with holotype (NMV). Other material examined: New South Wales. 1 male, 10 km NW of Lithgow, 21 Dec 1977, A.N.; 1 male, U. Kangaroo Valley, 24 Nov 1960, E.F. Riek (ANIC); 1 female, same loc. and coll., 26 Mar 1961 (ANIC). Victoria. 1 female, Wingan R., 8 km S of Princes Hwy, 30 Jan 1975, A.N.; 1 male, 10 females, Brodribb R., Sardine Ck track, 10 Feb 1980, Wells and McNamara; 1 male, Reedy Ck, E. Gippsland, 6 Feb 1961, N.D.; 10 males, Cabbage Tree Ck, 8 Feb 1961, N. Dobrotworsky (ANIC); 2 females, Wentworth R., E of Dargo, 37°25'S, 147°25'E, 8 Feb 1981, J.Blyth; 1 male, Tyers R., site 22, 24 Feb 1974, LRE Survey; 1 male, 3 females, Tyers R. on Yallourn N-Tyers Rd, 38°8.9'S, 145°26.7'E, 12 Nov 1980, Latrobe C Survey; 1 male, Tanjil R., 4 km N of Moe, 18 Feb 1973, collector?, 1 female, Tanjil R. on Moe-Gooding Rd, 38°8.4'S, 146°15.9'E, 6 Feb 1980, Latrobe C Survey; 1 male, Strathbogie, 23 Jan 1956, A.N; 1 male, Murrindal, 6 Jan 1967, E.H.S. Etymology. Bula - New South Wales Aboriginal word for two (apices of inferior appendages). Remarks. Ecnomina bula has been collected from south-eastern New South Wales and the eastern half of Victoria (latitudinal range 33°28'- 38°8.9'S).Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2008, A review of the Australian species of Ecnomina Kimmins and Daternomina Neboiss (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 1774 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1774.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/512413
Text literacy and the use of pictograms in physical activities
No full textKvalifikācijas darbs: Tekstpratība un piktogrammu izmantošana fiziskajās aktivitātēs Darba autors: Justīne Bergmane-Karkovska Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Inta Bula-Biteniece Pētījuma mērķis:. fizisko aktivitāšu kopuma izveide bērnu tekstpratības apguvei izmantojot piktogrammas. Pētījuma uzdevumi: 1. analizēt literatūru par 3-4 gadus vecu bērnu pedagoģiski psiholoģiskajiem aspektiem, tekstpratības un lasītpratības attīstīšanu fiziskajās aktivitātēs un piktogrammu izmantošanas iespējām. 2. izveidot fizisko aktivitāšu kopumu bērnu tekstpratības apguvei izmantojot piktogrammas 3. noteikt fizisko aktivitāšu kopuma efektivitāti bērnu tekstpratības apguvei pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē Kvalifikācijas darba apjoms: 41 lpp, 6 tabulas, 4 attēli, 34 izmantotās literatūras un informācijas avoti. Darbs sastāv no četrām daļām. Teorētiskā daļā tika raksturoti pedagoģiski psiholoģiskie aspekti 3-4 gadus veciem bērniem kā arī analizēta tekstpratība un lasītpratība fiziskajās aktivitātēs. Praktiskajā daļā tika veikta bērnu novērošana ar mērķi analizēt fizisko aktivitāšu kopuma izmantojot piktogrammas efektivitāti. Atslēgas vārdi: 3-4 gadīgi bērni, tekstpratība, piktogrammas, fiziskās aktivitātesQualification paper: Text literacy and use of pictograms in physical activities The author: Justīne Bergmane-Karkovska Scientific advisor: Inta Bula-Biteniece The aim of the research: to work out the complex of physical activities using pictograms to develop literacy The objectives of the research: 1. to analyse the literature 3-4 year olds pedagogical and psychological peculiarities, literacy and reading skills development in physical activities and the use of pictograms. 2. to work out the complex of physical activities to develop children’s literacy with the help of pictograms; 3. to test the effectiveness of the complex in children’s literacy development in preschool establishment. The qualification paper consists of 41 pages, 6 tables, 4 figures, 34 literature and information sources. The paper consists of 4 parts. Theoretical part consists of literature analysis of pedagogical and psychological peculiarities, literacy and reading skills development in physical activities and the use of pictograms. Empirical part consists of analysis of children’s observation to test the efficacy of the complex of physical activities using pictograms. Key words: 3-4 year old children, literacy, pictograms, physical activities
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