1,721,362 research outputs found
Cancer risk in carbon electrode workers: An overview of epidemiological evidence
No full textCarbon or graphite electrode manufacturing may lead to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are considered human carcinogens. To provide comprehensive evidence on cancer risk, we have considered five cohort studies from the USA, France, Sweden and Italy, including about 6 500 workers and 80 000 man-years at risk. In two studies providing data on incidence, 52 incident cases of all neoplasms were reported versus 56.28 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.92. There were nine cases of lung cancer (SIR = 0.91) and three of urinary cancers (SIR = 0.81). Four studies gave data on mortality. Overall, 853 deaths were observed versus 1 065.2 expected, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.75-0.86). There were 269 deaths from all neoplasms, versus 292.1 expected (SMR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.04), 82 deaths from respiratory cancers versus 95.8 expected (SMR = 0.86), and 15 deaths from bladder and urinary cancers versus 12.7 expected (SMR = 1.18). None of these estimates were significant, and for none of the other cancer sites there was evidence of excess risk. Thus, epidemiological data allow excluding any appreciable risk of cancer - in particular of the respiratory and the urinary tract - in carbon electrode workers
Diet and cancer risk in Mediterranean countries
No full textVarious aspects of the Mediterranean diet were analyzed in a series of studies conducted in Northern Italy on over 20,000 cases of several major cancers and 18,000 controls. For most digestive tract cancers, the risk decreased with increasing vegetable and fruit consumption, with relative risks between 0.3 and 0.7 for the highest level of intake, and the population attributable risks for low intake of vegetables and fruit ranged between 15 and 40%. Less strong inverse relations were observed for other (epithelial) cancers, too. A number of micronutrients contained in vegetables and fruit showed an inverse relation with cancer risk. In particular, flavones, flavonols and resveratrol were inversely related to breast cancer risk. Olive oil, which is the main common denominator of the Mediterranean diet, has also been inversely related to cancers of the colorectum and breast, and mainly of the upper digestive and respiratory tract
Diet and cancer risk in Mediterranean countries: Open issues
Full text linkObjective: To analyse various aspects of the Mediterranean diet in relation to the risk of several common cancers in Italy. Design: Data from a series of case-control studies conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 2004 on over 20 000 cases of several major cancers and 18 000 controls. Results: For most digestive tract cancers, the risk decreased with increasing vegetable and fruit consumption, with relative risks between 0.3 and 0.7 for the highest level of intake, and the population-attributable risks for low intake of vegetables and fruit ranged between 15 and 40%. Less strong inverse relations were observed for other (epithelial) cancers, too. A number of micronutrients contained in vegetables and fruit showed an inverse relation with cancer risk. In particular, flavones, flavonols and resveratrol were inversely related to breast cancer risk. Olive oil, which is a typical aspect of the Mediterranean diet, has also been inversely related to cancers of the colorectum and breast, and mainly of the upper digestive and respiratory tract. Consumption of pizza, one of the most typical Italian foods, was related to a reduced risk of digestive tract cancers, although pizza may simply be an aspecific indicator of the Italian diet. Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is a favourable indicator of the risk of several common epithelial cancers in Italy. A score summarising the major characteristics of the Mediterranean diet was related to a priori defined reduced risks of several digestive tract neoplasms by over 50%
More years of ovulation increased the risk of premenopausal, but not postmenopausal, ovarian cancer: Commentary
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