371 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211057275 – Supplemental material for ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS)
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211057275 for ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS) by Arthur D. P. Mak, Sue Lee, Nancy A. Sampson, Yesica Albor, Jordi Alonso, Randy P. Auerbach, Harald Baumeister, Corina Benjet, Ronny Bruffaerts, Pim Cuijpers, David D. Ebert, Raúl A. Gutierrez-Garcia, Penelope Hasking, Coral Lapsley, Christine Lochner and Ronald C. Kessler in Journal of Attention Disorders</p
Binge eating and purging in first-year college students: Prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, and academic performance
No full textBackground: Binge eating and purging behaviors (BPB) are common among college students, but evidence is scant on prevalence and associations of BPB with mental health problems and objective academic performance. This study aims to investigate: (a) 12-month prevalence of BPB among college first-year students, (b) comorbidity patterns of BPB with various mental health problems, and (c) the association of BPB with objective academic functioning. Methods: Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (Belgium), as part of the World Mental Health Surveys International College Student initiative, we cross-sectionally assessed 12-month BPB and mental health problems among college first-year students (n = 4,889; response rate = 73.2%) at the beginning of the academic year. Objective measures of academic functioning (final grades, expressed in academic year percentage “AYP” [0–100%] and academic failure) were obtained from administrative records at the end of the academic year. Results: Twelve-month prevalence of BPB was 7.6% (7.3%binge eating and 1.0%purging), with higher rates among females than males. Bivariate models showed an association between BPB and numerous mental health problems (ORs = 3.4–18.4). Multivariate models showed associations with non-suicidal self-injury, post-traumatic stress, internalizing/externalizing problems and suicidal ideation. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid mental health problems, BPB were still associated with lower AYP (−4.1 to −11.2% range) and elevated odds of academic year failure (ORs = 1.4–4.2). Conclusions: BPB (especially binge eating) are relatively common and associated with mental health problems, comparatively low academic performance, and higher risk of academic failure among college first-year students. Further study is needed to examine the causal dynamics underlying these associations
Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Transition patterns and risk factors
No full textIntroduction: Complex diagnostic profiles (i.e., clusters of comorbid disorders) may be present in adolescence with long-lasting effects later in life. Little is known about their developmental transitions to adulthood as well as potential risk factors. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood, patterns of transitions and risk factors.
Material and methods: A sample of 1062 Mexican adolescents (43.22% men, M=14.19 years at baseline, SD=1.68) was assessed for psychiatric disorders at adolescence and emerging adulthood. Latent class analysis was used to identify diagnostic profiles. Profile transition was studied using multi-state modeling between the life periods. Logistic regression was utilized to study risk factor influence on profile development in adulthood.
Results: Three diagnostic profiles (i.e., minimal disorder/no-psychopathology; and two clinical profiles: internalizing and externalizing) were identified in both periods. Anxiety disorders were the most frequent psychiatric presentation in adolescence, while depression was the most prevalent disorder in adulthood. More than 15% of participants showed a clinical profile regardless life period. Comorbidity was present in 57% of participants with a clinical psychiatric profile. Finally, common (suicidal behavior) and specific risk factors (sex, parents' education and income) predicted transitions to profiles from adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are frequently observed adopting a complex diagnostic profile in both adolescence and emerging adulthood. Comorbidity seems to be common in both life periods. Developmental issues and comorbidity should be considered for health service provision and treatment choice.Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y PatologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Delays in making initial treatment contact after the first onset of mental health disorders in the Argentinean Study of Mental Health Epidemiology
No full textAims. While there are effective treatments for psychiatric disorders, many individuals with such disorders do not receive treatment and those that do often take years to get into treatment. Information regarding treatment contact failure and delay in Argentina is needed to guide public health policy and planning. Therefore, this study aimed to provide data on prompt treatment contact, lifetime treatment contact, median duration of treatment delays and socio-demographic predictors of treatment contact after the first onset of a mental disorder.Methods. The Argentinean Study of Mental Health Epidemiology (EAESM) is a multistage probability sample representative of adults (aged 18+) living in large urban areas of Argentina. A total of 2116 participants were evaluated with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess psychiatric diagnosis, treatment contact and delay.Results. Projections of cases that will make treatment contact by 50 years taken from a survival curve suggest that the majority of individuals with a mood (100%) or anxiety disorder (72.5%) in Argentina whose disorder persist for a sufficient period of time eventually make treatment contact while fewer with a substance disorder do so (41.6%). Timely treatment in the year of onset is rare (2.6% for a substance disorder, 14.6% for an anxiety disorder and 31.3% of those with a mood disorder) with mean delays between 8 years for mood disorders and 21 years for anxiety disorders. Younger cohorts are more likely to make treatment contact than older cohorts, whereas those with earlier ages of disorder onset are least likely to make treatment contact. Those with anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder are more likely to make treatment contact when they have comorbid disorders, whereas those with substance use disorders are less likely.Conclusions. Argentina needs to implement strategies to get individuals with substance use disorders into treatment, and to reduce treatment delays for all, but particularly to target early detection and treatment among children and adolescents.Fil: Stagnaro, J.C.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Cia, A.H.. Anxiety Clinic And Research Center; ArgentinaFil: Vommaro, H.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sustas, Sebastián Ezequiel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, N.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Serfaty, E.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Kessler, R.C.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Benjet, C.. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente; Méxic
Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset of mental disorders in adults from the Argentinean Study of Mental Health Epidemiology
No full textPurpose: Although the Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that depressive disorders and anxiety disorders are the second and fifth leading causes of disability in Argentina, these estimates were based on imputations rather than epidemiological data. The policy implications of these results for the necessary expansion of mental health services in Argentina are sufficiently great that more direct estimates of the population burdens of common mental disorders are needed. Therefore, the purpose is to present the first results regarding lifetime prevalence, projected lifetime risk up to age 75, age-of-onset, cohort effects and socio-demographic correlates of DSM-IV mental disorders among adults (18+) from the general population of urban areas of Argentina. Method: A multistage clustered area probability household survey was administered to 3927 individuals using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 29.1% and projected lifetime risk at age 75 was 37.1%. Median age-of-onset of any disorder was 20 years of age. Disorders with highest lifetime prevalence were major depressive disorder (8.7%), alcohol abuse (8.1%), and specific phobia (6.8%). Anxiety disorders were the most prevalent group of disorder (16.4%) followed by mood (12.3%), substance (10.4%), and disruptive behavior disorders (2.5%). Women had greater odds of anxiety and mood disorders; men had greater odds of substance disorders. Age-at-interview was inversely associated with lifetime risk of any disorder. Discussion: The results provide direct evidence for high lifetime societal burdens of common mental disorders in Argentina due to a combination of high prevalence and early age-of-onset.Fil: Cía, Alfredo H.. Centro de Investigaciones Médicas en Ansiedad; ArgentinaFil: Stagnaro, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Mental. Centro de Neuropsiquiatria y Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Vommaro, Horacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Loera, Gustavo. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Medina Mora, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente; MéxicoFil: Sustas, Sebastián Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Mental. Centro de Neuropsiquiatria y Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Benjet, Corina. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente; MéxicoFil: Kessler, Ronald C.. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unido
Corrigendum to: The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys [Addict. Behav. 102 (2020) 106128] (Addictive Behaviors (2020) 102, (S0306460319304897), (10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106128))
No full textThe authors regret that the abovementioned article published online September 16, 2019, had an error in the author affiliations. The edited author affiliations are shown above. The authors also regret that the names of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators were omitted from the end of the article. “The WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD; Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD; Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, MD; Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD; Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD; Lukoye Atwoli, MD, PhD; Corina Benjet, PhD; Guilherme Borges, ScD; Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD; Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD; Brendan Bunting, PhD; Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, MD, PhD; Graça Cardoso, MD, PhD; Somnath Chatterji, MD; Alfredo H. Cia, MD; Louisa Degenhardt, PhD; Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD; Silvia Florescu, MD, PhD; Giovanni de Girolamo, MD; Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych; Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD; Meredith Harris, PhD; Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD; Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD; Peter de Jonge, PhD; Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD; Elie G. Karam, MD; Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc; Ronald C. Kessler, PhD; Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD; Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD; Sing Lee, MB, BS; Jean-Pierre Lepine, MD; John McGrath, MD, PhD; Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD; Zeina Mneimneh, PhD; Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD; Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD; Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD; Jose Posada-Villa, MD; Kate M. Scott, PhD; Tim Slade, PhD; Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD; Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD; Margreet ten Have, PhD; Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC; Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD; Daniel V. Vigo, MD, DrPH; Harvey Whiteford, MBBS, PhD; David R. Williams, MPH, PhD; and Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD.” The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Specific Phobia
No full textDSM-defined specific phobia is characterized by the presence of a significant level of anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific object or situation, which often leads to avoidance behaviour. In DSM-IV, several diagnostic criteria are used
Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Transition patterns and risk factors
No full textAbstract
Introduction. Complex diagnostic profiles (i.e., clusters of comorbid disorders) may be present in adolescence with long-lasting effects later in life. Little is known about their developmental transitions to adulthood as well as potential risk factors. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood, patterns of transitions and risk factors. Material and methods. A sample of 1062 Mexican adolescents (43.22% men, M = 14.19 years at baseline, SD = 1.68) was assessed for psychiatric disorders at adolescence and emerging adulthood. Latent class analysis was used to identify diagnostic profiles. Profile transition was studied using multi-state modelling between the life periods. Logistic regression was utilized to study risk factor influence on profile development in adulthood. Results. Three diagnostic profiles (i.e., minimal disorder/no-psychopathology; and two clinical profiles: internalizing and externalizing) were identified in both periods. Anxiety disorders were the most frequent psychiatric presentation in adolescence, while depression was the most prevalent disorder in adulthood. More than 15% of participants showed a clinical profile regardless life period. Comorbidity was present in 57% of participants with a clinical psychiatric profile. Finally, common (suicidal behavior) and specific risk factors (sex, parents’ education and income) predicted transitions to profiles from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Conclusions. Psychiatric disorders are frequently observed adopting a complex diagnostic profile in both adolescence and emerging adulthood. Comorbidity seems to be common in both life periods. Developmental issues and comorbidity should be considered for health service provision and treatment choice.
Keywords: Psychiatric comorbidity; Profile transition; Adolescence; Emerging adulthood; Suicide.Unión EuropeaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y PatologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
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Development and initial validation of the brief trauma resiliency scale
No full textTrauma is a widely experienced event across the nation and throughout the world.
Worldwide statistics estimate 70% of adults experienced at least one traumatic event in their
lifetime (Benjet et al., 2016). There are various therapeutic interventions available for trauma
survivors but few measures that attempt to directly assess one’s resilience to traumatic
experiences. This study aims to fulfill this need. A comprehensive review of research about
resilience and trauma were examined to facilitate the development of instrument items. Further,
well established resilience instruments and theoretical concepts were used in item creation.
These resources were used to help establish content related to the trauma resiliency construct.
Trauma resiliency is described as one’s ability to bounce back after traumatic experiences. In this
quantitative study, four objectives facilitated the development and validation of the Brief Trauma
Resiliency Scale (BTRS) including: (1) evaluating content-oriented evidence, (2) assessing the
internal structure of the BTRS, (3) evaluating the relationships of the BTRS with related
constructs, and (4) evaluating the internal consistency reliability of BTRS scores. A
comprehensive explanation is provided about the study design and inherent limitations are
acknowledged.Counseling & Educational PsychologyCollege of Education and Human Developmen
The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
No full textBACKGROUND: Considerable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased understanding of risk factors for exposure to traumatic events could be of considerable value in targeting preventive interventions and anticipating service needs.
METHOD: General population surveys in 24 countries with a combined sample of 68 894 adult respondents across six continents assessed exposure to 29 traumatic event types. Differences in prevalence were examined with cross-tabulations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether traumatic event types clustered into interpretable factors. Survival analysis was carried out to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics and prior traumatic events with subsequent exposure. RESULTS: Over 70% of respondents reported a traumatic event; 30.5% were exposed to four or more. Five types - witnessing death or serious injury, the unexpected death of a loved one, being mugged, being in a life-threatening automobile accident, and experiencing a life-threatening illness or injury - accounted for over half of all exposures. Exposure varied by country, sociodemographics and history of prior traumatic events. Being married was the most consistent protective factor. Exposure to interpersonal violence had the strongest associations with subsequent traumatic events. CONCLUSIONS: Given the near ubiquity of exposure, limited resources may best be dedicated to those that are more likely to be further exposed such as victims of interpersonal violence. Identifying mechanisms that account for the associations of prior interpersonal violence with subsequent trauma is critical to develop interventions to prevent revictimization.The WHO WMH Survey Initiative is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; R01 MH070884 and R01 MH093612-01), the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Pfizer Foundation, the US Public Health Service (R13-MH066849, R01-MH069864 and R01 DA016558) and the Fogarty International Center (FIRCA R03-TW006481). Other fundings: European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMED): European Commission (contracts QLG5-1999-01042; SANCO 2004123 and EAHC 20081308), the Piedmont Region (Italy), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (FIS 00/0028), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain (SAF 2000-158-CE), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM-TAP), other local agencies, and an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKlin
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