1,149 research outputs found
Istologia e anatomia microscopica dei mammiferi domestici e degli uccelli - Hans-Georg Liebich - I edizione sulla V tedesca
No full textTesto-Atlante a colori per lo studio e la professione - Edizione Italiana a cura di C. Ballarin e G. Radaell
Supported gold nanoparticles catalysts for alkynes hydroamination.
No full textOur research group has previously reported the preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on different functionalized silica supports. We started using commercial polyethyleneimine-functionalized silica bead [1] and we continued preparing silica nanoparticles functionalized with alkynyl carbamate moieties. [2]
Recently, we have focused on the straightforward synthesis of AuNPs anchored on commercial, micrometric oxide supports (i.e. SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2) previously modified with the di-functional organosilane [3-(2-propynylcarbamate)propyl]triethoxysilane (PPTEOS) by a grafting procedure. After being thoroughly characterized by several complementary techniques (XPS, TEM, SSNMR, AAS etc.), the catalytic activity of these systems (Au/OS@Yne) has been evaluated in the oxidation of alcohols both in batch and continuous-flow systems. [3]
Furthermore, we have extended the same synthetic procedure to the preparation of a novel and magnetically recoverable catalyst, consisting of AuNPs supported on functionalized nano-magnetite (Au/Fe3O4@Yne).
We now present the latest results obtained in the study of the catalytic application of Au/SiO2@Yne and Au/Fe3O4@Yne in the alkynes hydroamination reaction, which is considered the most atom efficient process for the formation of a series of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Indeed, this transformation takes place without the formation of any side product and leads to the production of enamine, imine or substituted amines, which have a significant importance as bulk and fine chemicals or building blocks in organic synthesis.
[1] S. Fazzini , D. Nanni , B. Ballarin , M. C. Cassani , M. Giorgetti , C. Maccato, A. Trapananti, G. Aquilanti and S. I. Ahmed, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116, 25434−25443; M. Giorgetti, G. Aquilanti, B. Ballarin, M. Berrettoni, M. C. Cassani, S. Fazzini, D. Nanni and D. Tonelli, Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 6873-6880;
[2] S. Fazzini, M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, E. Boanini, J. S. Girardon, A.S. Mamede, A. Mignani and D. Nanni, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2014, 118, 24538-24547; M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, E. Bonansegna, G. Carraro, S. Fazzini, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, D. Pinelli, RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 25780-25788.
[3] B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, M. C. Cassani, P. Dambruoso, A. Massi, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, C. Parise, A. Zaghi, ACS Sus. Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 4746-4756
Domitius culsu Ballarin 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <b> <i>Domitius culsu</i> Ballarin sp. nov.</b> </p> <p>Figures 1 A‒G, 2A‒E, 3A‒D.</p> <p> <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i> Brignoli, 1979: 214 (misidentification)</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype ♂. ITALY, <i>Toscana</i>: Garfagnana area, Lucca Province, Coreglia Antelminelli Municipality, Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave, 141/T/LU, 260m a.s.l., 44.046336°N 10.523525°E, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV).</b> <b>Paratypes</b>. Same locality as the holotype, 1♀, 04.IX.1967, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli 1979, sub <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>); 1♀, 15.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 4♀♀, 24.VI.2017, (3♀♀ collected as juveniles and raised in captivity, adults: 20.VIII.2017, 15.IX.2017 and 28.VI.2018 respec- tively), leg. F. Ballarin and R. Ballarin (MSNV); 4♀♀, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV, MSNB).</p> <p> a New Sequences.</p> <p> <b>Examined comparative material. <i>Domitius speluncarum</i> (Pavesi, 1873): ITALY: <i>Liguria</i></b> : 1♂, 1♀, (topotypes), La Spezia Province, Grotta Bocca Lupara cave, 74/Li/SP, 120m a.s.l., 05.III.1969, leg. P.M. Brignoli (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); <i>Toscana</i>: 1♀, Lucca Province, Garfagnana area, Villa Collemandina Municipality, Canigiano village, Tana di Magnano cave, 162/T/LU, 653m a.s.l., 44.177285°N, 10.38803°E, 03.XI.1967, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971), 1♀, 01.VIII.1975, leg. P. Magrini (MSNV), 4♀♀, 14.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 1♀, Forno- volasco (not reported in the label but very likely from Grotta del Vento cave), 700m a.s.l., 16.VI.1970, leg. O. Osella (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 1♀, Grotta del Buggine cave, 166/T/Lu, 315m a.s.l., 07.X.1967, leg. G. Castellini (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 1♀, Massa-Carrara, Buca della Freddana cave, 230/T/Ms, 550m a.s.l., 05.VI.1977, leg. C. Bonzano (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1985); 1♀, Buca del Bacile cave, 226/T/Ms, 10.III.1975, leg. unknown (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1985).</p> <p> <b> <i>Domitius menozzii</i> (di Caporiacco, 1934): ITALY, <i>Liguria</i></b> , 1♂, 4♀♀, north-east of Genova town, Tanna da Vulpe cave, 264/Li/GE, 23.XI.1969, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Creto, Tanna de Fate cave, 17/ Li/GE, 30.X.1971, leg. G. Gardini (MSNV); 2♀♀ (topotypes), Prati di Bavari locality, Tanna da Suja cave, 5/Li/GE, 582m a.s.l., 44.422894°N, 09.035239°E, 30.V.2013, leg. F. Ballarin, A. Trotta, G. Gardini, and S. Zoia.</p> <p> <b> <i>Domitius sbordonii</i> (Brignoli, 1979): ITALY, <i>Lazio</i></b> , 1♂ (holotype), Frosinone Province, Supino, Valle Serena, Grot- ta della Croce cave, 01.IX.1977 leg. V. Sbordoni (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1979); 1♀ (paratype), 08.II.1976, leg. V. Sbordoni (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1979).</p> <p> <b> <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880): ITALY, <i>Liguria</i>:</b> 2♂♂ (sub. <i>Nesticus menozzii</i>), Creto, Tanna de Fate cave, 17/Li/GE, 30.X.1971, leg. G. Gardini (MSNV); <i>Emilia-Romagna:</i> 2♀♀ Ravenna Province, Riolo Terme, Borgo Rivola, Grotta del Re Tiberio cave, 36/Er/RE. 19.II.1951, Leg. Denis (MSNV) (Zangheri, 1966, sub. <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>); <b> <i>Toscana</i>:</b> 1♀ Garfagnana area, Lucca Province, Coreglia Antelminelli Municipality, Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antel- minelli cave, 141/T/LU, 260m a.s.l., 44.046336°N, 10.523525°E, 15.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 3♀♀, 24.VI.2017, Leg. F. Ballarin and R. Ballarin (MSNV-MSNVRAr/m 0007); 1♀, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV); <i>Campania:</i> 1♀, Avellino Province, Bagnoli Irpino, Mt. Piacentini, Grotta Giovannino cave, 16.VI.1956, leg. S.Ruffo (MSNV) (Kritscher, 1958, sub. <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b></p> <p>The name of the new species is derived from the Etruscan goddess Culsu who, according to the Etruscan mytholo- gy, ruled the cave-like entrance of the underworld. Noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Species closely re- lated to D. speluncarum and D. menozzii. Males of D. culsu sp. nov. can be separated from males of all other Italian species of the genus Domitius by the different shape of the apophyses of the para- cymbium (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B,C vs. Fig. 4A‒I). D. culsu sp. nov shows a robust, S-shaped dorsal apophysis 1 in contrast with a large, flat and axe- like Da 1 in D. speluncar- um (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4A‒C); a short and stumpy Da 1 in D. me- nozzii (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4D‒F) or a long and thread-like Da 1 in D. sbordonii (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4G‒I). Addi- tionally, males of D. culsu sp. nov. have a well-de- veloped, triangular medi- an apophysis, absent in males of the other three species (Figs. 1A, 2A vs. Fig. 4A, D, G).</p> <p>Female D. culsu sp. nov. can be easily distin- guished from female D. speluncarum by the nar- rower, trapezoid-shaped median septum with slant- ing edges, in contrast with the larger, lobate Ms with rounded edges in D. spe- luncarum (Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5A). Female D. culsu sp. nov. are separated from female D. morisii by the absence of a bulge on the Ms (clearly visible in <i>D. morisii</i>, Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5C). Additionally, they can be distinguished by the different shape of copulatory ducts when the vulva is observed dorsally: with a rather uniform diameter in <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. and bearing a large, flattened middle trait in <i>D. morisii</i> (Figs. 1G, 2E vs. Fig. 5D). Female <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. are easily sepa- rated from those of <i>D. sbordonii</i> by the trapezoid-shaped Ms with slanting edges, in contrast with the squared Ms with vertical edges in <i>D. sbordonii</i> (Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5E). They can further be distinguished by the different position of spermathecae, located in the lower half of the vulva and below the vulval pockets in <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., in contrast with S located in the upper half of vulva and above Vp in <i>D. sbordonii</i> (Figs. 1G, 2E vs. Fig. 5F). <b>Description. Male (holotype).</b> Total length 4.19. Carapace: 1.81 long, 1.56 wide.</p> <p>Habitus as in Fig. 3A. Carapace uniformly pale yellow with some sparse setae (more reddish while alive, see Fig. 3A). Cephalic region not clearly differentiated from the rest of carapace. Eyes reduced, AM missing, reduced to black maculae. Eye diameters: AM -, AL 0.079, PM 0.080, and PL 0.078. Thoracic grooves and fovea distinct. Mouthparts and sternum uniformly colored as the carapace. Promargin of chelicera with three teeth approximately of the same size, retromargin with several small denticles. Legs uniformly light yellowish. Legs measurements as follows: I 17.40 (4.89, 0.90, 4.78, 4.90, 1.93), II 14.03 (3.92, 0.80, 3.67, 3.76, 1.88), III 10.35 (3.19, 0.69, 2.53, 2.79, 1.15), IV 13.47 (4.34, 0.84, 3.53, 3.49, 1.27). Leg formula: I, II, IV, III. Opisthosoma gray-yellowish colored (lighter than carapace while alive, see Fig. 3A), covered with long hairs.</p> <p>Palp as in Figs. 1 A‒C, 2A-C. Cymbium oval, covered with short, sparse setae, with a tuft of longer hairs in the pro- lateral distal area near the tip. Embolus filamentous, slender in the terminal part. Conductor complex with three distinct processes: Cp 1-3. Cp 1 stocky and roughly triangularly shaped, Cp 2 and Cp 3 located at the distal part of the bulb and diagonally protruding (approx. 2 o’clock seeing the left palp ventrally), their tips curved towards each other (Figs. 1A, C, 2A, C). Median apophysis well-developed, shaped as a long, sharp triangle, heading prolaterally (Figs. 1A, 2A). Para- cymbium large with well-developed, sclerotized dorsal, distal and ventral processes. Two dorsal apophyses, Da 1-2: Da 1 robust and long, ending sharply, S-shaped when the palp is observed dorsally, Da 2 stocky, triangularly-shaped. Distal apophysis triangularly shaped. Ventral apophysis lobate, dorso-ventrally flattened and heading toward the cym- bium (Figs. 1 A‒C, 2A-C).</p> <p> <b>Female (based on 4 paratypes)</b>. Total length 3.65–5.27. Carapace: 1.71–1.98 long, 1.54–1.64 wide.</p> <p>Habitus as in Fig. 3B, C. Carapace uniformly yellowish with some sparse setae (often more reddish while alive, see Fig. 3B). Cephalic region not clearly differentiated from the rest of the prosoma.Eyes reduced, AM strongly reduced and bare- ly visible, reduced to small, dark maculae in some specimens. Eye diameters: AM (when present): 0.032, AL: 0.087, PM: 0.078, and PL: 0.77. Thoracic grooves and fovea distinct. Mouthparts and sternum uniformly colored as in the carapace. Teeth of chelicera as in the male. Legs uniformly light yellowish. Leg measurements as follows: I 17.07 (4.38, 1.01, 4.95, 4.90, 1.83), II 13.69 (4.04, 0.92, 3.57, 3.64, 1.52), III 10.46 (3.43, 0.80, 2.50, 2.56, 1.17), IV 13.89 (4.64, 0.92, 3.59, 3.41, 1.33). Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Opistho- soma yellowish-gray (often lighter colored than carapace while alive, see Fig. 3B), covered with long hairs.</p> <p>Epigyne as in Figs. 1E, F, 2D, E. Medi- an septum short, not protruding, shaped as an inverted trape- zoid with a narrower base. Vulval pockets and copulatory ducts externally visible by transparence trough the tegument. Copu- latory openings at the lower, lateral side of median septum. Vul- va as in Figs. 1G, 2E. Spermathecae small and round, located in the lower-half of the vulva, below vulval pockets and being partially covered by them. Vulval pockets wide and rounded, sac-shaped, located above spermathecae. Copulatory ducts with a wider diameter in the ventral trait and narrower in the dor- sal trait, rolling up around the lower part of vulval pockets and reaching spermathe- cae with some turns (Figs. 1F, 2E). Insem- ination ducts begin- ning from the lower part of spermathe- cae and following the same course of copu- latory ducts.</p> Distribution Italy, endemic to the northern Apennines. Known only from the type locality; Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Fig. 6). Biospeleological and ecological notes <p>The entrance of Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Italian National Caves Registry number: 141/T/LU; Fig. 3E) opens in the left bank of the narrow valley of Segone Creek in the Province of Lucca (Toscana region) at an elevation of 260 m a.s.l. The cave occurs in the limestone of the Maiolica formation (lower Tithonian‒lower Aptian, ~150–120 Ma), which is particularly rich in flint nodules. After an initial steep slope (approximately 10 m deep), the cave continues with a long and sub-horizontal spatial development and a general NW‒SE orientation (Fig. 3F). It branches with several, sub-circular tunnels as a result of ancient groundwater flows. The cave has an estimated total extension of 1100 m, although the deeper segments are still unexplored, as they are either filled with water or ending with sumps. The inner section is generally humid, with mud often covering the bottoms of the tunnels. The cave hosts a rich sub- terranean fauna including some endemic or locally protected species, e.g. the carnivorous land snail <i>Oxychilus</i> sp. (Gastropoda, Oxychilidae), the cave cricket <i>Dolichopoda laetitiae</i> Minozzi, 1920 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), the blind subterranean beetle <i>Duvalius apuanus lanzai</i> Straneo, 1943 (Coleoptera, Trechinae), the Italian cave salamander <i>Speleomantes italicus</i> (Dunn, 1923) (Amphibia, Plethodontidae), and three species of bats: the greater horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i> (Schreber, 1774), the lesser horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros</i> (Bechstein, 1800) (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), and the common bent-wing bat <i>Miniopterus schreibersii</i> (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera, Miniop- teridae). Other animals known from the cave from the literature (Lanza, 1961) or directly observed by the author include: <i>Octodrilus complanatus</i> (Dugès, 1828), <i>O. hemiandrus (</i> Cognetti, 1901), <i>O. transpadanus</i> (Rosa, 1884), and <i>Aporrectodea rosea</i> (Savigny, 1826) (Anellida, Lumbricidae); <i>Chaetophiloscia cellaria</i> (Dollfus, 1884) (Isopoda, Philosciidae), <i>Androniscus dentiger</i> Verhoeff, 1908, and <i>Spelaeonethes mancinii</i> (Brian, 1913) (Isopoda, Trichoniscidae); <i>Euscorpius carpathicus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae); <i>Trogulus</i> sp. (Opiliones, Trogulidae), <i>Ischyropsalis</i> a <i>damii</i> Canestrini, 1873 (Opiliones, Ischyropsalididae); <i>Lithobius tylopus</i> Latzel, 1882 (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae), <i>Gryllomorpha dalmatina</i> (Ocskay, 1832) (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), <i>Hypaena</i> sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), <i>Stenophylax permistus</i> Mc- Lachlan, 1895 (Tricoptera, Limnephilidae), and a large population of limoniid crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae). Near the entrance and in the early section of the cave, numerous spiders were also observed: <i>Amaurobius ferox</i> (Walckenaer, 1830), <i>A. pesarinii</i> Ballarin and Pantini, 2017 (Amaurobiidae), <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880) (Nesticidae), <i>Meta menardi</i> (Latreille, 1804), <i>Metellina merianae</i> (Scopoli, 1763) (Tetragnathidae), <i>Pholcus phalangioides</i> (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae), and <i>Tegenaria</i> sp. (Agelenidae). The new species was found in the initial segments of the cave, but at some distance from the entrance (Fig. 3F). During summer, when the cave was visited, adults, subadults, and juveniles of <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. were observed together, with a substantially higher number of adults and subadults during the month of August. Most of the juveniles collected in the cave and bred in captivity became adults after 2‒3 months of captivity, while it took approximately one year for the youngest specimens to reach sexual maturity.</p> <p>Two different species of nesticid spiders, <i>K. eremita</i> and <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., were collected together in the Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave. These species cover a different spatial distribution within the cave (Fig. 3F), coexisting without overlapping despite occupying approximately the same ecological niche. Cohabitant nesticids, in particular involving <i>D. menozzii</i> or <i>D. speluncarum</i> together with <i>K. eremita</i>, have been previously observed in several occasions in Italian caves, and sometimes collected at short distances from each other (Brignoli, 1971). However, no clear species overlap are reported within the same cave. Such distinct spatial partition can be explained by the different grade of adaptation to the hypogean environment showed by these arachnids. In fact, <i>K. eremita</i> appears to be a less specialized cave-dweller, lacking extreme morphological adaptations to subterranean life. Therefore, it mostly occurs near the entrance of caves or inside artificial tunnels, including, occasionally, shadowed epigean habitats with constant temperature and high relative humidity (Brignoli, 1971 and personal observations by the author). On the other hand, all <i>Domitius</i> species show a greater degree of adaptation to the subterranean habitat, as suggested by reduction of the eyes and body depigmentation. Such strong adaptation allows <i>Domitius</i> to occupy deeper segments of the caves, thus avoiding direct competition with <i>K. eremita</i>.</p> <p>The entrance of Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Italian National Caves Registry number: 141/T/LU; Fig. 3E) opens in the left bank of the narrow valley of Segone Creek in the Province of Lucca (Toscana region) at an elevation of 260 m a.s.l. The cave occurs in the limestone of the Maiolica formation (lower Tithonian‒lower Aptian, ~150–120 Ma), which is particularly rich in flint nodules. After an initial steep slope (approximately 10 m deep), the cave continues with a long and sub-horizontal spatial development and a general NW‒SE orientation (Fig. 3F). It branches with several, sub-circular tunnels as a result of ancient groundwater flows. The cave has an estimated total extension of 1100 m, although the deeper segments are still unexplored, as they are either filled with water or ending with sumps. The inner section is generally humid, with mud often covering the bottoms of the tunnels. The cave hosts a rich sub- terranean fauna including some endemic or locally protected species, e.g. the carnivorous land snail <i>Oxychilus</i> sp. (Gastropoda, Oxychilidae), the cave cricket <i>Dolichopoda laetitiae</i> Minozzi, 1920 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), the blind subterranean beetle <i>Duvalius apuanus lanzai</i> Straneo, 1943 (Coleoptera, Trechinae), the Italian cave salamander <i>Speleomantes italicus</i> (Dunn, 1923) (Amphibia, Plethodontidae), and three species of bats: the greater horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i> (Schreber, 1774), the lesser horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros</i> (Bechstein, 1800) (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), and the common bent-wing bat <i>Miniopterus schreibersii</i> (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera, Miniop- teridae). Other animals known from the cave from the literature (Lanza, 1961) or directly observed by the author include: <i>Octodrilus complanatus</i> (Dugès, 1828), <i>O. hemiandrus (</i> Cognetti, 1901), <i>O. transpadanus</i> (Rosa, 1884), and <i>Aporrectodea rosea</i> (Savigny, 1826) (Anellida, Lumbricidae); <i>Chaetophiloscia cellaria</i> (Dollfus, 1884) (Isopoda, Philosciidae), <i>Androniscus dentiger</i> Verhoeff, 1908, and <i>Spelaeonethes mancinii</i> (Brian, 1913) (Isopoda, Trichoniscidae); <i>Euscorpius carpathicus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae); <i>Trogulus</i> sp. (Opiliones, Trogulidae), <i>Ischyropsalis</i> a <i>damii</i> Canestrini, 1873 (Opiliones, Ischyropsalididae); <i>Lithobius tylopus</i> Latzel, 1882 (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae), <i>Gryllomorpha dalmatina</i> (Ocskay, 1832) (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), <i>Hypaena</i> sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), <i>Stenophylax permistus</i> Mc- Lachlan, 1895 (Tricoptera, Limnephilidae), and a large population of limoniid crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae). Near the entrance and in the early section of the cave, numerous spiders were also observed: <i>Amaurobius ferox</i> (Walckenaer, 1830), <i>A. pesarinii</i> Ballarin and Pantini, 2017 (Amaurobiidae), <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880) (Nesticidae), <i>Meta menardi</i> (Latreille, 1804), <i>Metellina merianae</i> (Scopoli, 1763) (Tetragnathidae), <i>Pholcus phalangioides</i> (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae), and <i>Tegenaria</i> sp. (Agelenidae). The new species was found in the initial segments of the cave, but at some distance from the entrance (Fig. 3F). During summer, when the cave was visited, adults, subadults, and juveniles of <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. were observed together, with a substantially higher number of adults and subadults during the month of August. Most of the juveniles collected in the cave and bred in captivity became adults after 2‒3 months of captivity, while it took approximately one year for the youngest specimens to reach sexual maturity.</p> <p>Two different species of nesticid spiders, <i>K. eremita</i> and <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., were collected together in the Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave. These species cover a different spatial distribution within the cave (Fig. 3F), coexisting without overlapping despite occupying approximately the same ecological niche. Cohabitant nesticids, in particular involving <i>D. menozzii</i> or <i>D. speluncarum</i> together with <i>K. eremita</i>, have been previously observed in several occasions in Italian caves, and sometimes collected at short distances from each other (Brignoli, 1971). However, no clear species overlap are reported within the same cave. Such distinct spatial partition can be explained by the different grade of adaptation to the hypogean environment showed by these arachnids. In fact, <i>K. eremita</i> appears to be a less specialized cave-dweller, lacking extreme morphological adaptations to subterranean life. There
Synthesis, characterization and study of the catalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles for alkynes hydroamination
No full textOur research group has previously reported the preparation of different silica supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) catalytically active in the reduction of nitrophenol to aminophenol. [1, 2] Recently, the focus of our research has shifted towards continuous flow nanocatalysis and for applications in packed bed reactors we have anchored AuNPs on commercial micrometer oxide supports (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2), previously modified by grafting of the organosilane [3-(2-propynylcarbamate)propyl]triethoxysilane (PPTEOS). After thorough characterization, the catalytic activity of these systems has been evaluated in the oxidation of a large variety of primary and secondary alcohols, both under batch and continuous flow conditions. [3]
We now present the results in the field of the hydroamination of alkynes catalysed by Au/SiO2@Yne and the new, magnetically recoverable Au/Fe3O4@Yne catalyst.
[1] S. Fazzini , D. Nanni , B. Ballarin , M. C. Cassani , M. Giorgetti , C. Maccato, A. Trapananti, G. Aquilanti, and S. I. Ahmed, J. Phys. Chem. C. 116 (2012) 25434−25443; M. Giorgetti, G. Aquilanti, B. Ballarin, M. Berrettoni, M. C. Cassani, S. Fazzini, D. Nanni, and D. Tonelli, Anal. Chem. 88 (2016) 6873-6880;
[2] S. Fazzini, M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, E. Boanini, J. S. Girardon, A.S. Mamede, A. Mignani, and D. Nanni, J. Phys. Chem. C. 118 (2014) 24538-24547; M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, E. Bonansegna, G. Carraro, S. Fazzini, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, and D. Pinelli, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 25780-25788.
[3] B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, M. C. Cassani, P. Dambruoso, A. Massi, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, C. Parise, and A. Zaghi, ACS Sus. Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 4746-4756
Riflessioni sulla parlata di S. Pietro in Volta (Venezia). II
No full textUna ricerca etimologica su alcuni termini del gergo dei pescatori della laguna veneta meridionale ne evidenzia la prevalente origine latina; le rare influenze arabe e greche testimoniano i frequenti scambi, nel passato, con altre popolazioni mediterranee
Longileptoneta yamasakii Ballarin & Eguchi 2022, sp. nov.
No full textLongileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. (Japanese name: yamasakinagamashiragumo ヤマサキナガマシラグモ ) Figs. 1A–G, 2A–F, 3A–D DNA barcode. GenBank accession number: OP680015. Material examined. ♂ Holotype. JAPAN: Okinawa Pref.: Yonaguni-jima Is., Yaeyama-gun, Yonaguni-cho, unnamed short cave inside a deep, shadowed sinkhole, 24.45872°N, 122.95618°E, 23 m a.s.l., under stones and in mud crevices at the entrance of the cave, 02 March 2021, F. Ballarin & K. Eguchi leg. (NSMT-Ar 22244). Paratypes. JAPAN — same data as the holotype 1♂, 19♀ (5♀ NSMT-Ar 22245; 1♂, 9♀ MNHAH-B6-000402; 5♀ RMUF); same locality, 10♀ (6♀ FBPC; 4♀ MSNVR-Ar028–031), 05 March 2021, all F. Ballarin & K. Eguchi leg. Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honor to our colleague and friend Takeshi Yamasaki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan), for his contribution to the study of arachnology and for kindly helping with field collections in Japanese caves. Diagnosis. The male of Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. can be distinguished from the male of the similar L. gutan Wang & Li, 2020 and L. shenxian Wang & Li, 2020 or any other congeners by the following combination of unique characters: presence of a pair of lanceolate apophyses (PA) on the retrodistal part of the patella (reduced to normal, sharp spines in L. gutan and L. shenxian; cf. Figs. 1B, D, 3B vs. figs. 8D and 12C in Wang et al. 2020) and a robust and strongly sclerotized prolateral sclerite (PS) (thinner PS in L. gutan and L. shenxian, or transparent and less sclerotized in other congeners (cf. Figs. 1A, G, 3A vs. figs. 8C and 12C in Wang et al. 2020). In addition, the new species can be recognized by the general shape of the other palpal sclerites when the bulb is observed ventrally or dorsally (differently shaped in L. gutan, L. shenxian and in other congeners; cf. Figs. 1G, 3C vs. figs. 8B and 12B in Wang et al. 2020). The female of L. yamasakii sp. nov. is distinguished from the female of L. gutan, L. shenxian and other congeneric species by the shape of internal genitalia having less twisted ducts (SS) and spermathecae (S) headed toward to each other (vs. more coiled SS and S headed more frontally in L. gutan and L. shenxian or usually smaller S in other congeners; cf. Figs. 2A, B, 3D vs. figs. 9C and 13C in Wang et al. 2020). The dorsal pattern, having clear dark stripes on the opisthosoma, and the general shape of genitalia both help to quickly distinguish L. yamasakii sp. nov. from any other leptonetid species living in the Ryukyus. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 2C. Total length: 2.52; prosoma 1.03 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace dark brown with a lighter central area less visible in alive specimens (Fig. 2F). Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Six eyes all well-developed. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly brownish. Promargin of chelicera bearing a row of 8 denticles; denticles absent on retromargin. Sternum uniformly dark brown. Legs uniformly brown. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements (leg II partially missing): I = 9.43 (2.57, 0.36, 2.98, 2.47, 1.05), II =? (1.83, 0.34, -), III = 5.8 (1.60, 0.25, 1.61, 1.46, 0.88), IV = 7.84 (2.11, 0.34, 2.38, 2.02, 0.99). Opisthosoma greyish with two rows of 4–5 dark transversal stripes gradually merging to each other toward the posterior part of opisthosoma. Palp as in Figs. 1A–G, 3A–C. Femur with a row of long and robust spines on ventral margin, additional strong spines on the prolateral and dorsal margins. Patella elongated, bearing a pair of robust, lanceolate apophyses (PA) on retrodistal margin. Tibia short, approx. half of length of patella, with a tubular, robust apophysis on retrodistal margin with a spine on its apex and another spine at its base (TA) (Figs. 1B, 3B). Cymbium with medial depression and several long and robust dorsal spines headed prolaterally. Bulb with three sclerites: prolateral sclerite (PS) spine-like, robust and heavily sclerotized; median sclerite (MS) long and laminar, twisted apically; retrolateral sclerite (RS) flat and wrinkled, sclerotized at its basal trait and wrapped around embolus. Embolus (E) sclerotized at its base, distally leaf-like and transparent, ending with a long, narrow lobe (Figs. 1C–G and 3A–C). Female (based on one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Figs.2 D–F. Total length: 2.70, Prosoma 1.01 long, 0.91 wide. Similar to male for coloration and pattern. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 2E. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 5.62(1.47, 0.23, 1.71, 1.38, 0.83), II = 4.12 (1.16, 0.23, 1.17, 0.95, 0.61), III = 3.47 (0.96, 0.20, 0.92, 0.83, 0.56), IV = 4.78 (1.30, 0.22, 1.45, 1.16, 0.65). Opisthosoma wrinkled in the frontal part (Fig. 2E). Other characters as in male. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 2A, B, 3C. Atrium (AT) wide, triangular; spermathecae stalk (SS) reaching spermathecae (S) with a slight S-shaped course. Spermathecae oval, separated from each other by two and 2/3 of their diameter, slightly headed toward each other and slightly bent posteriorly toward AT. Size variation: Male (based on 2 specimens): total length: 2.52–2.61, Prosoma 1.03–1.06 long, 0.92—0.96 wide. Female (based on 5 specimens): total length: 2.51–2.70, Prosoma 0.91–1.01 long, 0.89–0.91 wide. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10). Habitat. Cave-like habitats. The new species was found spinning small sheet-webs in mud and rock crevices on the ground and under dead wood at the entrance of a short cave opening at the bottom of a humid, shadowed sinkhole covered with subtropical vegetation (Fig. 2G). Remarks. Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. is locally abundant. The population numbered tens of specimens, often spinning webs in crevices close to each other, but occurring only in a small area of few square meters near the entrance of the short cave in the type locality. The species clearly shows troglophilic preferences, however it retains a full pigmentation and large, functional eyes. Thus, it lacks any troglomorphic characters typical of species deeply adapted to a subterranean life-style like in others leptonetids living in Ryukyus caves (e.g., M. longipalpis). This suggests that L. yamasakii sp. nov. might also inhabit screes or external habitats, especially if stable and moist. However, despite intensive collections by the authors in the surroundings of the type locality, in the leaf litter of forests covering the central area of Yonaguni-jima Is., no specimens of this or any other leptonetid species were collected.Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2022, Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae), pp. 371-387 in Zootaxa 5213 (4) on pages 373-377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/738139
La pesca dei Clupeidi a S. Pietro in Volta
No full textSome traditional fishinh techniques, used by fishermen of the southern Venetian lagoon to catch sardines and other Clupeids, are described
Riflessioni sulla parlata di S. Pietro in Volta (Venezia). III
No full textUna ricerca etimologica su alcuni termini del gergo degli ortolani di S. Pietro in Volta (Venezia) ne conferma l'origine prevalentemente latina mettendo in evidenza influenze medievali, arabe e franco-provenzali
Riflessioni sulla parlata di S. Pietro in Volta (Venezia)
No full textSebbene la cosa passi del tutto inosservata, le parlate venete derivano in gran parte dal latino, anzi forse conservano più latino della stessa lingua italiana. A conferma di quanto affermato propongo, in questa occasione, una breve ricerca su una lista di parole proprie del mio dialetto natio derivate da due termini latini: "caligo-inis" = nebbia, fumo, oscurità e "manus-us" = mano
A reconstruction and extension of Maple’s assume facility via constraint contextual rewriting
No full textAbstractMaple’s symbolic evaluator, together with a feature that is usually known as the assume facility, implements a powerful form of conditional rewriting. In a previous paper the authors showed that Maple’s evaluation process can be recast as constraint contextual rewriting (CCR), a form of conditional rewriting that incorporates the services provided by a decision procedure through a well-specified interface. In the present paper, this analysis is extended to a component of the assume facility that deals with problems beyond linear arithmetic and that we call the general solver. This led to the discovery of a fault that causes Maple to return wrong results with some contexts. The reason for this is that the facility wrongly assumes that the general solver is complete in the sense that it uses all the available assumptions in the context. While a simple fix to this problem would reduce the logical strength of the assume facility, we show that a more general approach inspired by techniques available in CCR does not suffer from the problem and naturally leads to stronger forms of simplification
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