16 research outputs found
Applicazione di un tensioattivo micellare per la bonifica del suolo da idrocarburi petroliferi.
No full textIn questa nota vengono riportati i risultati di una sperimentazione effettuata per la messa a punto, in laboratorio, di una procedura di bonifica di suoli inquinati da idrocarburi petroliferi. Le prove di decontaminazione sono state effettuate su suoli artificiali trattati con diesel commerciale e con un tensioattivo “micellare” denominato F-500 (Hazard Control Technologies Inc. – Fayetteville GA USA) che attualmente è utilizzato come agente estinguente e come disperdente per la bonifica dell’inquinamento da idrocarburi in ambiente marino. L’indagine ha previsto l’utilizzo di organismi acquatici (crostaceo Daphnia magna) e terrestri (oligochete Eisenia foetida e dicotiledone Cucumis sativus). I saggi con D. magna sono stati effettuati sia su eluati, ottenuti da terreni impaccati in colonne ed eluiti con acqua, sia su elutriati ottenuti unendo terreno e acqua (rapporto 1:4). Con E. foetida sono stati effettuati sia test di screening su filtri di carta imbibiti con la matrice elutriato sia test sul suolo con esposizione diretta degli organismi ai terreni trattati; quest’ultima tipologia di test è stata adottata anche per i saggi con C. sativus. Le prove effettuate con D. magna hanno evidenziato una riduzione della tossicità degli eluati/elutriati dei terreni trattati con F-500; tale risultato è stato confermato anche con i test effettuati con E. foetida e C. sativus. La riduzione della tossicità rilevata a seguito dei trattamenti con F-500 è dovuta, probabilmente, alla composizione del prodotto che è in grado di incapsulare le molecole di idrocarburi rendendole meno disponibili per gli organismi esposti
Exposition biomarkers to organophosphorus pesticides in Tigriopus fulvus Fischer (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)
No full textTest ecotossicologici su materiali di scavo.
No full textGli autori riportano i risultati di uno studio ecotossicologico, effettuato su materiali di scavo (metabasalti, calcescisti e serpentiniti), necessario per la valutazione dell’impatto a seguito del loro utilizzo per la costruzione di una “colmata” in ambito marino-aeroportuale. A tale scopo sull’elutriato del materiale sono stati effettuati saggi di ecotossicità utilizzando l’alga fitoplanctonica Dunaliella tertiolecta e il crostaceo Artemia franciscana, mentre sul “tal quale” è stato utilizzato il copepode Tigriopus fulvus. Il materiale di scavo è stato analizzato per la determinazione di alcuni metalli pesanti (Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, As) e sono state effettuate prove di bioaccumulo degli stessi impiegando il polichete marino Perinereis spp. e il bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. I risultati delle analisi effettuate non hanno messo in evidenza, per le tre tipologie di materiali esaminati, un effetto ecotossicologico significativo sia per la matrice elutriato sia per il materiale “tal quale”. Per quanto riguarda l’esposizione ai metalli pesanti, M. galloprovincialis ha mostrato di bioaccumulare cromo e nickel quando esposto ai metabasalti e cromo nelle prove di esposizione alle calcescisti; i policheti hanno mostrato di bioaccumulare soprattutto rame ed arsenico quando esposti a calcescisti e serpentiniti
Utilization of marine crustaceans as study models: a new approach in Marine Ecotoxicology for European (REACH) regulation
No full textPollution problems affect greatly the aquatic environments that are mainly sensitive to several typologies of contamination, such as chemical pollution, oil dumping, microbiological contamination from sewers, etc. To date a lot of chemicals are utilized in productive processes and many new substances are synthesized every year; the utilization and introduction of these newly synthesized chemicals into the environment and in production cycles must be approved after an accurate evaluation of their eventual toxic properties against selected organisms with the main purpose to protect the safety of plants and animals and the human health. These evaluations need to be carried out using test-species which are representative of the environmental compartment under consideration; in this connection, the availability of test-species able to furnish reliable and cheap results and to evaluate the activity of pollutants at the individual and ecosystem level is essential. To date the availability of test-species, easy to collect and to rear, and sensitive to different xenobiotics, is an important aspect in ecotoxicology in order to characterize the risk of chemicals. In the aquatic environment an ideal battery of organisms should comprise the representative links of the food web: a primary producer, such as a microalga, a primary consumer (invertebrate), such as a crustacean, and a secondary consumer (vertebrate), such as a fish. In this connection, the new European regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of CHemicals) n. 1907/2006 introduces an integrated system for the management of all produced/imported chemicals for an amount 31 ton/year and states that all substances destined to be used in the EU and to be introduced into the production processes must be subject to accurate evaluation including toxicity tests on selected organisms. All tests indicated by REACH must be carried out in conformity with well defined analysis methods determined by the EU or, failing that, according to the OECD guidelines or to other determined methods. Furthermore, all tests must be performed in conformity with the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) according to the pertinent Community directive
Exposition of marine copepods to organophosphorus xenobiotics: application of acetylcholinesterase biomarkers in the laboratory
No full textOrganophosphorus pesticides (OP) are dangerous xenobiotics for aquatic environments mainly because they can interact with all links of the food web inducing bioaccumulation and bioconcentration in organisms. In addition, they have an influence on the enzymes of the cholinergic system (acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase) of the organisms blocking their catalytic site and causing an excess of excitation of receptors for acetylcholine accumulation. The biomarkers, such as the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, provide an indication of the pollution level of the environment and are indicators of the ecotoxicological risk for exposed organisms. As small invertebrates are a fundamental link in the food web, the ecotoxicological risk evaluated on these organisms with the biomarker approach can be used as an early evidence of ecosystem damage. In this research copepods collected in the splashpools of the eastern coast of the Ligurian Sea and maintained in the laboratory were utilized as test-organisms. Aim of this work was to evaluate in copepods Tigriopus fulvus the effect of the exposition to the organophosphorus pesticide Malathion (Pestanalâ) on the activity of AChE
Effect of heavy metals on germination and growth of Cucumis sativus
No full textGermination and growth tests of Cucumis sativus have been carried out in the presence of increasing Pb, Ni and Cu concentrations. Low metals concentrations (0.00-0.064 mM) exerted a positive effect on plant growth: in particular, Cu showed a stimulating effect at high (0.64 mM) concentrations, probably due to its own characteristic of essential metal. Finally, the metals bioaccumulation data into the seeds pointed out the toxicity level for tested metals
Exposition biomarkers to organophosphorus pesticides in Tigriopus fulvus Fischer (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)
No full textThe effects of the organophosphorus pesticide Malathion, Pestanal® on the activity of the enzymes Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Glutathione-S-transferase and on survival were evaluated in Tigriopus fulvus. The mortality of the organisms after 96 hours (acute toxicity) and after 7 days (chronic toxicity) of treatment was evaluated. LC50 was not calculable after 24 hours of exposition; after 48, 72 and 96 hours it resulted 905.72, 552.78, and 248.94 μg I-1 respectively. After 7 days the NOEC value was 25 μg I-1. The LOEC value for the inhibition of AChE was 25 μg I-1 and for the stimulation of GST was 12.5 μg I-1
O uso da tecnologia no aumento de produtividade no agronegócio
No full textAgribusiness is one of the main economic activities worldwide, playing a key role in the global food supply. However, despite its importance, the agricultural sector has faced significant challenges that can be overcome with the adoption and proper integration of modern technologies. In the current context, characterized by a growing global population, accelerated urbanization and climate change, it is essential for agribusiness to adapt and adopt technological advances to increase productivity, improve efficiency and ensure sustainability. However, many agricultural regions around the world still use traditional practices and have limited access to modern technologies. This article explores the main areas of agribusiness facing technological deficiencies, such as data collection, crop monitoring, supply chain management and logistics. In addition, examples of technological advances that have the potential to transform the productive sector will be presented, such as the application of sensors, internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis.O agronegócio é uma das principais atividades econômicas em todo o mundo, desempenhando um papel fundamental no abastecimento global de alimentos. No entanto, apesar de sua importância, o setor agropecuário têm enfrentado desafios significativos que podem ser superados com a adoção e integração adequada de tecnologias modernas. No contexto atual, caracterizado por uma população global crescente, urbanização acelerada e mudanças climáticas, é essencial que o agrone- gócio se adapte e adote avanços tecnológicos para aumentar a produtividade, melhorar a eficiência e garantir a sustentabilidade. No entanto, muitas regiões agrícolas ao redor do mundo ainda usam práticas tradicionais e têm acesso limitado a tecnologias modernas. Este artigo explora as principais áreas do agronegócio que enfrenta deficiências tecnológicas, como coleta de dados, monitoramento de safras, gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos e logística. Além disso, serão apresentados exemplos de avanços tecnológicos que têm potencial para transformar o setor produtivo, como aplicação de sensores, internet das coisas (IoT), inteligência artificial (IA) e análise de dados
