868 research outputs found
The Merrifield-Simmons Index and Hosoya Index of C(n,k,λ) Graphs
No full textThe Merrifield-Simmons index i(G) of a graph G is defined as the number of subsets of the vertex set, in which any two vertices are nonadjacent, that is, the number of independent vertex sets of G The Hosoya index z(G) of a graph G is defined as the total number of independent edge subsets, that is, the total number of its matchings. By C(n,k,λ) we denote the set of graphs with n vertices, k cycles, the length of every cycle is λ, and all the edges not on the cycles are pendant edges which are attached to the same vertex. In this paper, we investigate the Merrifield-Simmons index i(G) and the Hosoya index z(G) for a graph G in C(n,k,λ)
Merrifield-Simmons Index in Random Phenylene Chains and Random Hexagon Chains
No full textThe author obtains explicit expressions for the expected value of the Merrifield-Simmons index of a random phenylene chain and a random hexagon chain, respectively. The author also computes the corresponding entropy constants and obtains the maximum and minimum values in both random systems, respectively
An alternative mechanism of clathrin-coated pit closure revealed by ion conductance microscopy
No full textCurrent knowledge of the structural changes taking place during clathrin-mediated endocytosis is largely based on electron microscopy images of fixed preparations and x-ray crystallography data of purified proteins. In this paper, we describe a study of clathrin-coated pit dynamics in living cells using ion conductance microscopy to directly image the changes in pit shape, combined with simultaneous confocal microscopy to follow molecule-specific fluorescence. We find that 70% of pits closed with the formation of a protrusion that grew on one side of the pit, covered the entire pit, and then disappeared together with pit-associated clathrin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and actin-binding protein-EGFP (Abp1-EGFP) fluorescence. This was in contrast to conventionally closing pits that closed and cleaved from flat membrane sheets and lacked accompanying Abp1-EGFP fluorescence. Scission of both types of pits was found to be dynamin-2 dependent. This technique now enables direct spatial and temporal correlation between functional molecule-specific fluorescence and structural information to follow key biological processes at cell surfaces
Cacti with the maximum Merrifield–Simmons index and given number of cut edges
No full textAbstractThe Merrifield–Simmons index of a graph G, denoted by i(G), is defined to be the total number of its independent sets, including the empty set. A graph G is called a cactus if each block of G is either an edge or a cycle. Denote by C(n,k) the set of connected cacti possessing n vertices and k cut edges. In this work, we shall characterize the cacti with the maximum Merrifield–Simmons index among all graphs in C(n,k) for all possible values of k
Public debt sustainability: international perspectives/ edited by Barry W. Poulson, John Merrifield, and Steve H. Hanke.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index."This book examines the issue of debt sustainability from an international perspective, with reference to European countries, emerging nations, and the United States"--Part I: Rules-based fiscal policy in the United States. -- Organizing congress for budget reforms / Kurt Couchman -- Debt fatigue and the climacteric in U.S. economic growth / John Merrifield and Barry Poulson -- Part II: rules-based fiscal policy in Europe. -- Preparing for the next crisis: lessons from the successful Swedish fiscal framework / Fredrik N. G. Andersson and Lars Jonung -- The Swiss federal debt brake and its unbudgeted surpluses /Vera Z. Eichenauer and Jan-Egbert Sturm -- The German "debt brake": success factors and challenges -- Lars P. Feld and Wolf H. Reuter -Part III: rules-based fiscal and monetary policy in emerging nations. -- A money doctor's reflections on currency reforms and hard budget constraints /Steve H. Hanke -- Fiscal rules and public debt: an emerging market perspective / Pablo E. Guidott -- Populist economic thought: the legacy of Juan Domingo Perón -- Carlos Newland and Emilio Ocampo -- Part IV: is non-conventional monetary policy supporting or undermining fiscal stabilization policy? -- Monetary policy and the worsening U.S. debt crisis / Norbert j. Michel -- The Federal Reserve and the debt crises / Thomas r. Saving -- The high costs of fiscal and monetary anomie: Argentina since 1945 / Emilio Ocampo -- Part V: The ultimate challenge for fiscal sustainability entitlement reform. -- The failure to establish effective rules for financing U.S. federal entitlement programs / Charles Paul Blahous -- Fiscal rules for Social Security and Medicare: would accrual accounting help? / James C. Capretta.1 online resource (unpaged)
Effects of Lactogen 13, a New Probiotic Preparation, on Gut Microbiota and Endocrine Signals Controlling Growth and Appetite of Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles
No full textIn the present study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was used as experimental model to study the molecular effects of a new probiotic preparation, Lactogen 13 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501® encapsulated with vegetable fat matrices by spray chilling and further indicated as probiotic microgranules), on growth and appetite during larval development. Probiotic microgranules were administered for 30 days to tilapia larvae starting from first feeding. Molecular analysis using high-throughput sequencing revealed that the probiotic could populate the gastrointestinal tract and modulate the microbial communities by significantly increasing the proportion of Lactobacillus as well as reducing the proportion of potential pathogens such as members of the Family Microbacteriaceae, Legionellaceae, and Weeksellaceae. Morphometric analysis evidenced that body weight and total length significantly increased after probiotic treatment. This increase coincided with the modulation of genes belonging to the insulin-like growth factors (igfs) system and genes involved on myogenesis, such as myogenin, and myogenic differentiation (myod). Alongside the improvement of growth, an increase of feed intake was evidenced at 40 days post-fertilization (dpf) in treated larvae. Gene codifying for signals belonging to the most prominent systems involved in appetite regulation, such as neuropeptide y (npy), agouti-related protein (agrp), leptin, and ghrelin were significantly modulated. These results support the hypothesis that gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota changes due to probiotic administration modulate growth and appetite control, activating the endocrine system of tilapia larvae
The Dire Elegies : 59 Poets on Endangered Species of North America
No full textEdited by Karla Linn Merrifield [College at Brockport alumna and former faculty member] ; with Roger M. Weir [College at Brockport former administrator] ; foreword by Bill McKibben. Includes poetry by William Heyen [College at Brockport emeritus and alumnus].
Dr. Edward O. Wilson, world-renowned Harvard entomologist and two-time Pulitzer-Prize winning author, points out in the epigraph to this unique collection of poetry, ...the better an ecosystem is known, the less likely it will be destroyed. This is the premise of The Dire Elegies: 59 Poets on Endangered Species of North America and why author Bill McKibben says in the book\u27s foreword, These magnificent poems work as a chant to summon more of the love to save the endangered from extinction. It\u27s also why writer Susan Cerulean has called the book an important manifesto: a must-read for our times. A helpful feature of the anthology is the species notes that accompany the poems each time a new species is introduced. For example, when readers encounter Minnesota poet Shirley S. Stevens\u27s poem On Spotting a Pygmy Owl, they also learn: The endangered cactus ferruginous pygmy owl, Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum, of the U.S. Southwest and Mexico, numbered only 12 birds when it was listed in the U.S. in 1997. A USF&WS recovery team began its work to rescue the species in 1998, but its fate remains precarious. Includes poems by College at Brockport current and former faculty members (Karla Linn Merrifield, William Heyen, Chris Norment, Steven Huff and by several College at Brockport alumni (Karla Linn Merrifield, William Heyen, Steven Huff, Jon Palzer), as well a a preface co-authored by For College at Brockport administrator Roger Weir.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/1068/thumbnail.jp
Microbial manipulations to improve fish health and production--a Mediterranean perspective.
No full textSeasonal distribution of carbohydrates in loblolly pine seedlings
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86)Carbohydrates from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings of a mesic and zeric family were compared under adequate soil moisture conditions and soil moisture stress. Carbohydrate trends in one-year-old seedlings grown with adequate soil moisture were similar to those found previously by other investigators in temperate zone plants. Reducing sugars and starch concentrations were high during the spring, low during the summer, and started a build-up during the fall season. The monthly reducing sugar and starch trends, specifically in the old needles, were different in the two families. Individual pentose and galactose sugar concentrations were coordinated with height and diameter growth. In comparison with seedlings grown under adequate moisture conditions, two-year-old loblolly pines from the xeric family subjected to moisture stress showed high levels of reducing sugars and starch in the needles, stem, and roots at the critical needle moisture level of 70-80 percent. Reducing sugars decreased in the needles, remained relatively constant in the stem and increased in the roots. The reducing sugar levels in the xeric family roots were significantly higher than in the mesic family roots. Individual pentose and galactose sugar concentrations were reduced to less than one percent in all plant parts at the critical needle moisture content
Merrifield resin and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate-crosslinked polystyrene resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis: a comparative study
No full textThree short peptides were synthesized on Merrifield resin (PS–DVB) and on polystyrene crosslinked with 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate resin (PS–HDODA) to compare their efficiencies in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). A 2% crosslinked polymeric system having almost equal capacity was used in both cases. The peptides were synthesized using standard solid-phase methodology. In the case of the PS–HDODA resin, all the couplings were completed by the first coupling and the peptides were obtained in > 90% yield and > 95% purity. But in the case of the PS–DVB resin, most of the attachments require two to three couplings and the peptides were obtained in about a 65% yield
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