143 research outputs found
Changes in the expression of homeobox transcription factors OTX1 and OTX2 in the rat myenteric plexus after DNBS-induced colitis
No full textMethod for detecting hyaluronan in isolated myenteric plexus ganglia of adult rat small intestine
No full textThe cellular components of the enteric nervous system (ENS), namely enteric neurons and glia, display plasticity and respond to environmental cues deriving from growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and cell-surface molecules, both in physiological and pathological conditions. ECM, in particular, provides an important framework for the enteric microenvironment and influences the homeostasis of myenteric neuronal circuitries. Isolation of pure myenteric plexus preparations from adult tissue permits to investigate changes in the ENS involving specific ECM, such as hyaluronan. This approach is based upon the possibility to isolate myenteric ganglia from the intestinal wall of either adult animals or humans, after microdissection and subsequent enzymatic digestion of the tissue. Enteric ganglia are free of connective tissue, extracellular collagen, and blood vessels, and thus treatment of intact intestinal segments with highly purified collagenases permits ganglia isolation from the surrounding smooth muscle cells. In this chapter, we describe methods for visualizing HA in isolated primary cultures of adult rat small intestine myenteric ganglia
Salvatore S.; Bosi A.; Banfi D.; Giron MC.; Baj A.; Agosti M.; Giaroni C. Gender-specific influence of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) effect on enteric neuromuscular function in adolescent mice
No full textAntibiotic-induced dysbiosis affects the structure and activity of enteric nervous system in mouse small bowel during adolescence
No full textSympathetic denervation-induced changes in G protein expression in enteric neurons of the guinea pig colon
No full textFaggin S, Tietto A, Carrossa G, Caputi V, Bosi A, Zusso M, Giaroni C, Savarino E, Giron MC. Deficiency of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling influences small intestine neuromuscular function during aging.
No full textTryptophan metabolites along the microbiota-gut-brain axis: an interkingdom communication system influencing the gut in health and disease
No full textABSTRACT: The ‘microbiota-gut-brain axis’ plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis, and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom communication system between eukaryota and prokaryota. The essential aminoacid tryptophan, as a precursor of several molecules acting at the interface between the host and the microbiota, is fundamental in the modulation of this bidirectional communication axis. In the gut, tryptophan undergoes 3 major metabolic pathways, the 5-HT, kynurenine, and AhR ligand pathways, which may be directly or indirectly controlled by the saprophytic flora. The importance of tryptophan metabolites in the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested by several preclinical and clinical studies; however, a thorough revision of the available literature has not been accomplished yet. Thus, this review attempts to cover the major aspects on the role of tryptophan metabolites in host-microbiota crosstalk underlaying regulation of gut functions in health conditions and during disease states, with particular attention to 2 major gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both characterized by psychiatric disorders. Research in this area opens the possibility to target tryptophan metabolism to ameliorate the knowledge on the pathogenesis of both diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic strategies based either on conventional pharmacological approaches or on the use of pre- and probiotics to manipulate the microbial flora
Effect of a new cognition enhancer, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, on scopolamine induced amnesia and brain acetylcholine.
No full textTRPV4 channels involvement in the response of lymphatic vessels intrinsic contractility to temperature
No full textMicrobiota and Pain: Save Your Gut Feeling
No full textRecently, a growing body of evidence has emerged regarding the interplay between microbiota and the nervous system. This relationship has been associated with several pathological conditions and also with the onset and regulation of pain. Dysregulation of the axis leads to a huge variety of diseases such as visceral hypersensitivity, stress-induced hyperalgesia, allodynia, inflammatory pain and functional disorders. In pain management, probiotics have shown promising results. This narrative review describes the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying pain processing and regulation, highlighting the role of the gut-brain axis in the modulation of pain. We summarized the main findings in regard to the stress impact on microbiota’s composition and its influence on pain perception. We also focused on the relationship between gut microbiota and both visceral and inflammatory pain and we provided a summary of the main evidence regarding the mechanistic effects and probiotics use
- …
