12 research outputs found
Molecularly-Engineered, 4D-Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
No full textDue to copyright restrictions and/or publisher's policy full text access from Treasures at UT Dallas is limited to current UTD affiliates (use the provided Link to Article).Three-dimensional structures that undergo reversible shape changes in response to mild stimuli enable a wide range of smart devices, such as soft robots or implantable medical devices. Herein, a dual thiol-ene reaction scheme is used to synthesize a class of liquid crystal (LC) elastomers that can be 3D printed into complex shapes and subsequently undergo controlled shape change. Through controlling the phase transition temperature of polymerizable LC inks, morphing 3D structures with tunable actuation temperature (28 ± 2 to 105 ± 1 °C) are fabricated. Finally, multiple LC inks are 3D printed into single structures to allow for the production of untethered, thermo-responsive structures that sequentially and reversibly undergo multiple shape changes.Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-17-1-0328Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer ScienceSchool of Natural Sciences and Mathematic
4D Printing Liquid Crystalline Actuators toward Assistive Devices
No full textLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are potential artificial muscle candidates within patientassistive devices. Their stimuli-responsive, shape-morphing properties can be controlled by
various processes to produce a wide range of actuation behaviors. However, there are inherent
processing limitations that inhibit their application within biomedical devices: 1) force and work
constraints due to size restrictions, 2) high activation temperatures (≥ 100 °C) to induce
actuation, and 3) incompatible power delivery. The aim of my research is to develop
manufacturing processes to fabricate three-dimensional LCE artificial muscles compatible with
patient-assistive devices. The developed 4D printing process enables control over geometry and
liquid crystalline orientation to develop 3D LCE structures with improved actuation behaviors.
The development of tunable, printable LCE chemistries allows for low-temperature activation
suitable for human body interfacing. Incorporation of liquid metal fillers generates a multiresponsive LCE composite compatible with facile power delivery systems, i.e., current and light.
The enabled processing freedom for this class of LCEs can be exploited within a myriad of
assistive devices ranging from untethered, implantable dynamic valves to wearable, rehabilitative
artificial muscles
Estudio comparativo de las actitudes docentes entre estudiantes de magisterio de cuarto a sexto año y alumnos de primero a tercer año del ciclo básico de ambos sexos, en la ciudad de Guatemala.
No full textTesis. Maestría en Medición, Evaluación e Investigación Educativas. Facultad de Educación (84 p.)INTRODUCCIÓN.
Algunos críticos del sistema educativo en general, indican que la mayor parte del aprendizaje en clase ocurre a pesar del maestro, más que a causa de él. A veces se llega
más lejos y se cuestiona la participación efectiva del educador en todos los niveles del sistema. Señalan que sus intervenciones se encuentran altamente saturadas de sus
propias vivencias, lo que da como consecuencia que tienda a tratar las situaciones educativas de acuerdo con sus experiencias y con un alto grado de predisposición, sin estar consciente de ello. De ahí que, por lo general, las interpretaciones docentes se encuentran en función de las experiencias educativas que el maestro considera óptimas y no de lo que sienten los niños.
Evidentemente, tanto los maestros como los estudiantes están influidos por las normas de la cultura y de la comunidad, y experimentan las tensiones suscitadas por la urgencia
de equilibrar sus necesidades personales con las exigencias del grupo. En la mayor parte de los casos, las normas culturales en interacción con las necesidades personales de
cada educador determinan sus relaciones con el grupo. Debe considerarse entonces, que en cada educador se encontrarán respuestas disímiles a los mismos estímulos del ambiente educativo. Esto establece diferencias individuales no sólo al nivel del alumno sino también al del maestro.
Al revisar los diferentes estudios y opiniones acerca de la actitud de los educadores hacia su profesión, llama la atención y causa sorpresa la falta de investigaciones con instrumentos probados y los pocos estudios que se han efectuado en una área tan importante como es la actitud ante la docencia.
Por lo general las investigaciones realizadas en el campo educativo se han orientado hacia la descripción empírica de las características de los buenos y malos maestros, de
las situaciones conflictivas que se registran en el aula de clase, o, preferentemente, en los aspectos metodológicos.
En la mayor parte de los casos se analizan las actitudes del alumno, porque en el enfoque didáctico se le señala como el sujeto y objeto del proceso educativo; olvidando
que el elemento educador participa en forma plena como ser humano en este proceso. El maestro interviene con sus sentimientos, necesidades, deseos, valores y esperanzas en forma consciente o inconsciente, porque él está regido por factores internos como son, sus experiencias personales; y por factores externos del ambiente, que determinan sus experiencias.
De todas formas, la complejidad básica de la conducta humana hace imprescindible que las investigaciones en el campo educativo, no sólo se limiten a describir papeles y
funciones, sino que también deben explorar los mecanismos del educador, de manera tal que lo ayude a entender sus propias reacciones y las que motivan la conducta del niño.
En esta investigación se exploran las actitudes docentes y la intensidad de éstas en alumnos de nivel medio de diversos tipos de curriculum y sexo. Para este efecto,
fue elaborada una escala de actitudes para medir la actitud docente.
Con este instrumento se exploran las valencias de alumnos de ambos sexos hacia el proceso docente, indicando el tono efectivo con el cual fue elegida la carrera de magisterio por un grupo de alumnos de cuarto a sexto año de una escuela normal; en comparación con las actitudes ante la docencia de otro grupo de estudiantes de ciclo básico, que aún no tienen experiencia en materias pedagógicas y menos
experiencias docentes.
Se espera que el instrumento elaborado para este estudio contribuya a predecir la vocación hacía la enseñanza, sí se aplica a candidatos del magisterio, por lo cual podría
servir en la orientación vocacional de estos alumnos. También se considera que será un aporte útil al campo de la investigación educativa.
De acuerdo con lo expuesto, se proponen los siguientes objetivos para esta investigación: A) Elaborar una escala que mida las actitudes hacia la docencia de alumnos de nivel medio. B) Explorar las diferencias de actitud entre los alumnos de ambos sexos, con respecto a la docencia. C) Explorar si entre los alumnos del ciclo básico y los de escuela normal existen diferencias hacia la actitud docente.
Aunque esta investigación es limitada se espera que las pruebas aportadas, contribuyan al mejoramiento docente en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. R
Knowledge and attitude of Batch 2018 physical therapy interns regarding patients with dementia in Franciscan Missionaries of Mary General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
No full textSitting posture of call center agents in my service and support system at General Trias, Cavite
No full textAnálisis del sobrepeso, obesidad, actividad física y autoestima de la niñez en el área metropolitana de la región educativa panameña
No full textThe high levels of overweight and obesity that produce diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases are a public health threat that starts from childhood through the adult age, altering a person´s quality of life directly. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of overweight and obesity, the levels of physical activity and self-esteem of children aging 9 to 13 years, in educational establishments from the center of Panama City, Panama. Thirteen (13) educational centers participated pertaining to eight (8) territories from the capital of the country, where 748 students were evaluated. The instruments used to measure these variables were the measuring rod, the weight scale to measure the body mass index, the PAQ-C survey to measure the physical activity, and LAWSEQ to measure self-esteem in children. The studied population showed 17% of the students to be overweight, 13% obese, 70.05% with moderate physical activity, and 25.67% with low levels of physical activity. As far as self-esteem is concerned, 50.5% showed average self-esteem and 44% low self-esteem. In conclusion, it is important to perform physical activities as prevention and attention actions to obesity, overweight, and improvement of self-esteem. The analysis of the results indicates a higher prevalence of obesity in girls, and greater levels of physical activity in boys, in the case of self-esteem, age plays an important role in personal perception, especially in the female sex.Los altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad que producen diabetes, hipertensión u otras enfermedades crónicas son un problema de salud pública, que inicia desde la infancia hasta alcanzar la edad adulta y alteran, directamente, la calidad de vida de la persona. El propósito de este estudio es determinar los niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad, los niveles de actividad física y de autoestima de escolares de 9 a 13 de edad, en 13 centros educativos de la ciudad de Panamá centro. Se evaluaron un total de 748 estudiantes. Las variables se midieron por medio por medio del tallímetro y la pesa para calcular el índice de masa corporal, el cuestionario PAQ-C para medir la actividad física y el LAWSEQ para medir la autoestima de los niños y las niñas. En la población estudiada, se mostró un 17 % de estudiantes con sobrepeso, un 13 % con obesidad; un 70.05 % con actividad física moderada y un 25.67 % con bajos niveles de actividad física. En cuanto a la autoestima, se evidenció un 50.5 % con autoestima promedio y un 44 % con autoestima baja. En conclusión, el análisis de los resultados indica una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en las niñas, y un mayor nivel de actividad física en los niños; en el caso de la autoestima, la edad juega un papel importante en la percepción personal, especialmente en el género femenino
Programmable Shape Change in Semicrystalline Liquid Crystal Elastomers
No full textLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli-responsive
materials
capable of reversible and programmable shape change in response to
an environmental stimulus. Despite the highly responsive nature of
these materials, the modest elastic modulus and blocking stress exhibited
by these actuating materials can be limiting in some engineering applications.
Here, we engineer a semicrystalline LCE, where the incorporation of
semicrystallinity in a lightly cross-linked liquid crystalline network
yields tough and highly responsive materials. Directed self-assembly
can be employed to program director profiles through the thickness
of the semicrystalline LCE. In short, we use the alignment of a liquid
crystal monomer phase to pattern the anisotropy of a semicrystalline
polymer network. Both the semicrystalline-liquid crystalline and liquid
crystalline–isotropic phase transition temperatures provide
controllable shape transformations. A planarly aligned sample’s
normalized dimension parallel to the nematic director decreases from
1 at room temperature to 0.42 at 250 °C. The introduction of
the semicrystalline nature also enhances the mechanical properties
exhibited by the semicrystalline LCE. Semicrystalline LCEs have a
storage modulus of 390 MPa at room temperature, and monodomain samples
are capable of generating a contractile stress of 2.7 MPa on heating
from 25 to 50 °C, far below the nematic to isotropic transition
temperature. The robust mechanical properties of this material combined
with the high actuation strain can be leveraged for applications such
as soft robotics and actuators capable of doing significant work
Grammaticalization of actional values in Archaic Latin
No full textThis paper aims at showing how prefixation does not modify systematically the actional
value of Latin verbs. Scholars of historical grammars of Indoeuropean languages and
traditional studies about prefixation agree with the idea that in Latin, and in all
Indoeuropean languages, preverbation results on actional value of predicates: Delbruck
1897 argued that prefixes perfectivize verbal meaning since they indicate its
accomplishment; Meillet and Vendryes 1924 claimed that the prefixe focuses a specific
point of the process described by the non prefixed verb; van der Heide 1934 believed that
Latin preverbs express the accomplishment of the process denotated by the non prefixed
verbs. More recently Lehmann 1995 supposed that the semantics of Latin preverbs is
thoroughly irregular and unpredictable; Haverling 2003 claimed that Latin (early Latin in
particular) has a rich and complex system of verbal prefixes which are used to
grammaticalize the opposition between telic and atelic actionality; Romagno 2003 goes
beyond: she has examined the overall set of Latin preverbs which do not have a syntactic
counterpart in corresponding prepositions (ad, cum, per, ex, etc.) dropping out prefixes
like re- and dis- that do not have any corresponding preposition.
The working hypothesis this paper is actually formulating arises from the semantic and
contextual exploration of re- prefixation in archaic Latin. A text corpus of comedies by
Plautus (c. 254–184 BC) has been investigated and 84 re- prefixed verbs have been
selected. Bases are mainly represented by accomplishment predicates; nevertheless
there is no lack of activity predicates, achievement predicates, state predicates. Re- prefixation does not entail a systematic modification in the actional value of the prefixed
verb: cito [ACTIVITY] → recito [ACTIVITY], iacio [ACHIEVEMENT] → reicio [ACHIEVEMENT],
ambulo [ACTIVITY] → redambulo, [ACTIVITY], sto [STATE] → resto [STATE].
This fact redefines the previous hypothesis: if re- does not entail a modification in the
actional value but it works on lexical semantics of the base, it seems likely that the
grammaticalization path of the prefix has not been accomplished yet and that, at the
level of the present analysis, it could preserve its own full lexical meaning. I will try to
demonstrate that this full lexical meaning is widely predictable
Sensitivity Analysis and Lipschitzian Properties in Linear Optimization
No full textEl objetivo de la presente tesis es el estudio de la estabilidad de problemas
de optimizaci on lineal a trav es de constantes de tipo Lipschitz. En
otros t erminos, se pretende cuanti car la tasa de variaci on, alrededor de
una soluci on dada, del valor optimo del problema y del conjunto de soluciones
factibles con respecto a la variaci on de los par ametros del modelo.
Por tanto, la presente investigaci on se engloba en las areas de Optimizaci on,
Programaci on Lineal y An alisis Variacional.
De forma m as expl cita, el Cap tulo 1 versa sobre la obtenci on de f ormulas
capaces de proporcionar medidas de tasas de variaci on (de crecimiento y decrecimiento)
del valor optimo de un problema de programaci on lineal nita
bajo perturbaciones can onicas de sus datos. Cabe mencionar que las perturbaciones
can onicas son aquellas que afectan al vector de coe cientes de
la funci on objetivo y los t erminos independientes (el miembro derecho) de
las restricciones. Formalmente, se trata de calcular (o estimar) el llamado
m odulo de calmness, as como los m odulos de calmness por arriba y por
abajo. El Cap tulo 2 se centra en el c alculo del m odulo de Lipschitz para
la misma funci on valor optimo en el mismo contexto param etrico que la
anterior, el de los problemas de optimizaci on lineal nitos sujetos a perturbaciones
can onicas. Estos dos primeros cap tulos pueden ubicarse en el tema paradigm atico del an alisis de sensibilidad, en tanto que se ocupan de
cuanti car la estabilidad del valor optimo de problemas de optimizaci on.
Por su parte, el Cap tulo 3 pretende estudiar la propiedad de Lipschitz
lower semicontinuity (Lipschitz-lsc, por brevedad) para la multifunci on conjunto
factible. En t erminos informales esta propiedad cuanti ca la tasa por
la que se encoge localmente (en torno a una soluci on nominal pre jada de
antemano) el conjunto factible con respecto a perturbaciones de los datos
de los problemas. En este cap tulo se produce un salto notable con respecto
a los anteriores en cuanto al contexto param etrico en el que se desarrolla
la investigaci on: se trabaja con problemas de optimizaci on lineal donde no
necesariamente hay un n umero nito de restricciones, sino que el conjunto
de ndices del problema es arbitrario pudiendo ser en particular nito o
in nito. Este ultimo caso se corresponde con la optimizaci on lineal semiin
nita. Con respecto al tipo de perturbaciones, adem as de perturbaciones
del miembro derecho de las restricciones, se analiza la multifunci on conjunto
factible en funci on de perturbaciones del miembro izquierdo de las mismas.Adicionalmente, el estudio de Lipschitz-lsc ha dado lugar a estudiar a su vez
otro tipo de propiedad tipo Lipschitz de semicontinuidad inferior, a la que
hemos denominado Lipschitz lower semicontinuity-star (Lipschitz-lsc , por
brevedad).
Adem as de estos tres cap tulos mencionados, el manuscrito incluye una
primera secci on no numerada, Introduction (y su versi on en castellano), a
modo de pre ambulo donde se presenta el trabajo con m as detalle, se exponen
los objetivos que pretende cubrir esta investigaci on y c omo se integran estos
en la literatura. A continuaci on, se ha creado un Cap tulo 0 preliminar para
detallar el contexto param etrico, la notaci on y las herramientas utilizadas y
los resultados previos que han sido necesarios para conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Para nalizar el trabajo, se ha creado otra secci on no numerada,
Conclusions and future work (con su correspondiente versi on en castellano),
donde se resumen y remarcan los resultados principales obtenidos y se dan
algunas pinceladas de las l neas de investigaci on a seguir en un futuro.The objective of the present thesis is studying the stability of linear optimization
problems through Lipschitzian constants. In other words, we
pretend to quantify the rate of variation, around a given solution, of the
optimal value and the feasible set with respect to the variation of the parameters
of the model. Therefore, our research may be situated in the elds
of Optimization, Linear Programming and Variational Analysis. Speci cally, Chapter 1 deals with the computation of formulae which
provide measures of rates of variation (decrease and increase) of the optimal
value associated with a nite linear problem under canonical perturbations
of the data. It is worth mentioning that canonical perturbations are those
that a ect the vector of coe cients of the objective function and the independent
terms (the right-hand-side) of the constraints. Formally, we want
to compute (or estimate) the so-called calmness modulus as well as the calmness
from below and above moduli. Chapter 2 focus on the computation of
the Lipschitz modulus of the same optimal value function in the previous
parametric setting, i.e., nite linear optimization problems under canonical
perturbations. These two rst chapters can be included in the paradigmatic
topic of Sensitivity Analysis as they are concerned with quantifying
the stability of the optimal value of optimization problems. Chapter 3 aims to study the Lipschitz lower semicontinuity (Lipschitzlsc,
in brief) of the feasible set mapping. Roughly speaking, this property
measures the rate of local contraction (in a neighborhood of a nominal solution
xed in advance) of the feasible set under perturbations of the data's
problem. In this chapter there is a notable jump with respect to the previous
ones in terms of the parametric context: we now work with linear optimization
problems where there is not necessarily a nite number of constraints
but the index set is arbitrary; in particular, it may be nite or in nite. In
this last case, we deal with the Linear Semi-In nite Programming. About
the type of perturbations, besides perturbations of right-hand-side of the
constraints, we also analyse the feasible set mapping under left-hand-side
perturbations. Additionally, the study of Lipschitz-lsc has led to study, at
the same time, other Lipschitzian property of lower semicontinuity which
we have called Lipschitz lower semicontinuity-star (Lipschitz-lsc , in brief).In addition to these three mentioned chapters, the manuscript contains
an unnumbered section, Introduction (and its Spanish version), as a preamble,
where we present the work and expose the objectives that we pretend
to cover in this research as well as we comment how these are integrated
in the literature. Then, we have included the preliminary Chapter 0 in order
to detail the parametric framework, the notation, the used tools and
the previous results needed on to achieve the proposed objectives. To end
the work, we have created another unnumbered section, Conclusions and
future work (and its Spanish version), where we summarize and remark the
main contributions of our research and give some brief comments on future
research lines
Sierraphytoptus ambulans Chetverikov & Sukhareva, 2009, sp. n.
No full textSierraphytoptus ambulans sp. n., Fig. 2 Phyllocoptes setiger Liro, 1941: 42, fig. 31 Fragariocoptes setiger Roivainen, 1951: 51, fig. 22 Sierraphytoptus setiger Bagdasarian and Pogosova, 1976: 223 –226, fig. 1; Bagdasarian 1981: 26 –29, fig. 4 Female (holotype). Body fusiform, light orange, 178 (155–201), 56 (52–59) wide, 57 (54–59) thick. Prodorsal shield with two curved admedian lines at the end connected with four short lines. Median line missing. Thin transverse line near posterior shield margin (Fig. 2 D, AD). Prodorsal shield 40 (36–44), 49 (46–52) wide, frontal lobe 4 (3–4). External vertical setae ve 9 (8–10), their tubercles 27 (26–28) apart, situated in a small hollow under the antero-lateral shield margin; scapular setae sc 6 (6–8), directed upward and centrally, their tubercles 18 (15–19) apart. Gnathosoma 20 (19–21), directed downward. Dorsal pedipalp genual setae d simple. Leg I 30 (27–31), tibia 5 (5 – 5), l' - 3 (2–5), tarsus 6 (6–7), ω - 10 (9–11), empodium simple, 4 -rayed; leg II 26 (25–29), tibia 5 (4–6) long, l' absent, tarsus 6 (5–7) long, ω - 9 (9–10) long, without knob, empodium simple, 4 -rayed (Fig. 2 L 1, L 2, em). Setae bv present. Coxae with numerous thin short lines. Sternal line 9 (9– 11), bifurcated anteriorly. Rounded plate with two longitudinal lines and one transverse line situated in front of coxae I (Fig. 2 CG). Setae 1 b 8 (7–10), 10 (9–10) apart; 1a 17 (12–23), 8 (8–9) apart; 2 a - 33 (31–38), 21 (18–22) apart. Genitalia 13 (12–16), 17 (16–20) wide; genital coverflap with 8–12 longitudinal ridges situated anteriorly (Fig. 2 CG); setae 3a 16 (14–19). Opisthosoma with 23 (22–27) slightly serrated smooth dorsal annuli, 53 (48–55) microtuberculate ventral annuli, 5–6 coxogenital annuli. Setae c 1 16 (13–19) on 3 (3) annulus; setae c 2 35 (31–37) on 9 (8–11) annulus; setae d 30 (30–36) on annulus 20 (18–24); setae e 19 (16–23) on annulus 32 (28–36); setae f 26 (24– 27) on 4 th ventral annulus from rear. Seta h 1 present. Male: not found. Type material. Female holotype (slide # 53), 9 females paratypes (on the same slide) from Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Leningrad Province, Gatchina district, fir-forest on the right bank of river Oredezh near station Vyritza, 59 °23.6' N, 30 °18.3' E, 21 September 2008, collected by Ph. E. Chetverikov. Type material is deposited in the collection of the Laboratory of Phytoacarology (Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological and Soil Sciences Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia). Additional material. 2 deutogyne female and 11 protogyne females (slide # 3 -09) from F. vesca [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Leningrad Province, Gatchina district, fir-forest on the right bank of river Oredezh near station Vyritza, 59 °23.6' N, 30 °18.3' E, 19 May 2009, leg. Ph. E. Chetverikov; 1 deutogyne female, 3 protogyne females and 2 nymphs (slide # 3 / 1 -09), the same host, locality and leg., 2 June 2009; 16 protogyne females and 8 nymphs (slide # 39 -09), the same host, locality and leg., 26 July 2009; 38 protogyne females and 12 nymphs (slides # 32 -08 and # 53 -08), the same host, locality and leg., 21 September 2008. 2 protogyne females (slide # 6 -09) from F. vesca. [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Leningrad Province, Kingisepp district, fir-forest on the bank of Kopanskoye Lake, 59 °70.0' N, 28 °70.8' E, 10 June 2009, leg. Ph. E. Chetverikov; 29 females and 12 nymphs (in slides ## 35 -08, 36 -08, 37 -08) from F. v e s c a [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Leningrad Province, Vyborg district, pine-forest near station Yappilya, 62 ° 38 '03'' N, 27 ° 43 '08'' E, 7 September 2008 leg. Ph. E. Chetverikov; 22 females and 7 nymphs (in slides ## 42 -08, 48 -08, 49 -08, 50 -08 and 51 -08) from F. v e s c a [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], the same host, locality and leg., 11 September 2008; 4 overwintered females (slide # 1 -09) from F. vesca [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Leningrad Province, Luga district, pine-forest on the right side of the highway M- 20 near village Zheltzy, 58 ° 82 ' 34 '' N, 29 ° 91 '04'' E, 4 May 2009, leg. Ph. E. Chetverikov; 5 overwintered females (slide # 2 -09) from F. viridis [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Altajskiy kraj, left bank of river Loktevka near village Kurya, 51 ° 59 ' 41 '' N, 82 ° 28 ' 43 '' E, 2 May 2009, leg. P. G. Efimov; 1 protogyne female, 1 male and 3 nymphs (slide # 39 -09) from F. viridis [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Zabaykalsky Krai, Aginskoye district, birch-forest on the right side of the highway A 166, 51 ° 12 ' 75 '' N, 114 ° 39 ' 56 '' E, 20 July 2009, leg. A.N.Baranova. 5 protogyne females, 1 male and 2 nymphs (slide # 42 -09) from F. viridis [lower leaf surface, no visible damage observed], RUSSIA: Ural region, Sverdlovsk Province, suburb of Pervouralsk, 59 ° 98 '06'' N, 56 ° 94 '03'' E, 0 7 September 2009, leg. N.Bannikov. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin verb ambulo (“wander”) and is a Partisipium Praesentis Activi (Active Present Participle). Differential diagnosis. The vagrant mite S. ambulans sp. n. is very close to the gall-making mite S. setiger. They are distinguished by the number of dorsal annuli (22–27 in S. ambulans versus 32–38 in S. setiger), length of the setae c 1 (13–19 versus 22–36) and length (155–201 versus 185–247) and form of the body (compact fusiform versus elongated, almost worm-like). Besides these species have a different life-style: S. ambulans are vagrant on the lower leaf surface whereas S. setiger form red galls on leaves. Distribution. Finland, North-West Russia, Ural region and South Siberia (Altayskiy Kray and Zabaykalsky Krai) of Russia, Armenia. Lastly, it was realized that the species previously identified as S. setiger, found 21.VIII. 1988 as vagrant on the lower leave surface of F. vesca on Mt. Durmitor, Montenegro (Petanović et al. 1996) belongs to S. ambulans (Petanović, personal communication). Hosts. In North-West Russia and Fennoscandia S. ambulans mainly live on F vesca. To the south of these territories mites S. ambulans also live on F. viridis and one more unidentified species of Fragaria. Deuterogyny of S. ambulans. During 1965–1967 from March till August Bagdasarian and Pogosova (1976) collected this species from Fragaria sp. in Armenia (Table 1) and described deutogyne and protogyne females. According to their data the deutogyne and protogyne females slightly differ only in length and width of the body and length of setae ve and sc (Table 3). From May till August 2009 we observed S. ambulans from F. vesca collected on 1 May and transferred to laboratory in order to get new data concerning their biology. In the beginning of May only single, bright orange, egg-laying deutogyne females were found in the folds of young leaves. Protogyne females then appeared after mid-May. All protogynes were morphologically identical to the deutogynes but they were light orange and it was easier to clarify them in Berlese medium: overwintered females usually were more turbid in slides than summer ones, and the design on their prodorsal shields was less distinct. In June, July and August all mites fed on and laid eggs only on the lower leaf surface; no visible damage was registered on leaves. Characteristics Deutogyne females Protogyne females Date of collection 9, 30 March 1966 8 June 1965 Length of body 150–175 180–220 Width of body 50–60 60–70 Length of ve (s.d. 1) 7–8 6–7 Length of sc (s.d. 2) 8–9 7–8Published as part of Chetverikov, Philipp E. & Sukhareva, Sogdiana I., 2009, A revision of the genus Sierraphytoptus Keifer 1939 (Eriophyoidea, Phytoptidae), pp. 30-42 in Zootaxa 2309 on pages 34-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19184
