2,413 research outputs found
Conclusion: Lived Childhoods
No full textThe conclusions highlight how the chapters of the collection can contribute to a deeper analysis of relevant issues also for future theoretical investigation, above all concerning children’s “real” lives, or “lived childhood”. These issues include a reflection on the variety of theoretical angles to analyse lived childhood and their possible combination; the impact of institutions on lived childhood; the meaning of the glocal dimension of lived childhood; the analysis of the different dimensions of lived childhood, such as gender, social class and ethnicity. The conclusion discusses the forms and conditions of lived childhood that are not visible in intergenerational relations, as they are constructed among children themselves. The conclusion offers the possibility of subverting the existing social and cultural presuppositions of childhood by elaborating the actual lived conditions and meanings of childhood in respect to their citizenship, rights and participation
Regarding enumeration of molecular isomers
No full textIn this paper, a simple theoretical approach to counting of substitution isomers is described. It is based on Polya's theorem and on point groups as recently described by us [Baraldi, I.; Fiori, C.; Vanossi, D. J. Math. Chem. 1999, 25, 23-30] and extended in this paper. Several applications are developed that range from molecules without symmetry to molecules with icosahedral symmetry (Ih) The problem of the appearance of stereoisomers is also analyzed
Introduction: Lived Citizenship, Rights and Participation in Contemporary Europe
No full textThe introduction highlights the most important results of the theoretical approaches to citizenship rights and participation in Childhood Studies. Children’s citizenship is presented and recognition given to the fluidity of children’s citizenship identities and how this can be conceptually worked with. Our discussion of children’s rights moves away from simplistic notions of `rights and duties’ towards a critique of the normative frameworks of rights and a more layered approach considered. Children’s participation is considered particularly relevant in present societies, although critical voices have stressed the limits of political and societal efforts to enhance it. Agency is considered as a way of observing children’s active participation in social relations and social change. Agency is the result of both relational constraints and interactions with adults. The last part of the introduction presents the chapters included in the collection
Phoenicians preferred red pigments: micro-Raman investigation on some cosmetics found in Sicily archaeological sites
No full textThis research was undertaken in the aim of identifying and getting deeper knoowledge into materials and pigments used in cosmestics concerning the contest of the phoenician settlements in Sicilian territory. In fact, about the typologies of cosmetics in use among the Phoenicians, little is known. On this subject, generally references come from bibliographic latin sources: in antiquity, women preferred to paint white their face, red lips and cheeks, yellowish eyes and black to sorround their look (Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia; Ovidius, De medicamine faciei feminae). An interesting aspect of this research is that just one paper is known on Punic cosmetics.[1]
In the Museo Archeologico Regionale “Antonino Salinas” (Palermo, Sicily) an important collection of unguentaries coming from the town of Selinunte is preserved. Some of them, finely crafted, come from the sanctuary of Demetra Malophoros, some unguentaries come from the acropolis and some more from the necropolis (dating from the 6th to the 5th century b. C). The sacred area, excavated by Cavallari (1818) and Salinas (1903-1905), have provided a great amount of archaeological materials. In the area where once the acropolis rose, the remains show a mixed village, Phoenician and Greek. In this study, the findings from Salinas were considered, as well as some others from the Museum Conte Agostino Pepoli (Trapani), from the Museum Baglio Anselmi (Marsala) and from the museum of Mozia. The number of glass and fictile unguentaries, pyxis and alabastra examined were large: 142 items from Salinas, 210 from Mozia, 14 from Pepoli and 117 from Baglio Anselmi.
This research has completed the one carried out on 210 samples from the Museum of Whitaker Foundation from Mozia, a merely phoenician –punic settlement.[2,3]
The samples were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques.
The IR spectra were acquired with a spectrophotometer VERTEX 70 (Bruker) FT-IR, equipped with a detector deuterium triglycine sulphate (DTGS). The setting parameters were: resolution 4 cm-1, spectral range 4000-600 cm-1, number of scans 32. ATR spectra were recorded using an Elmer Golden-Gate accessory.
The micro-Raman spectrometer used in this case was a Labram Model from the Jobin Yvon-Horiba with a spatial resolution of 1 μm and with quick detection ability as a result of the CCD detector 1024x256 pixels cooled to -70°C by the Peltier effect. The spectral resolution was 1 cm-1. The exciting wavelength was the 632.8 nm red line of a He-Ne laser.
Generally the samples were presented as inorganic powders of different colors: white, black, blue and red. Though the samples came from different museums, they were considered togheter, since they belonged all to the Phoenician culture and coming from Trapani archaeological sites.
The white samples were of two types. The first one was mainly composed of gypsum and anhydrite mixtures (e.g. Inv No 1680, 1663, 1753); the other type (e.g. pyxes Inv N° 1393, 1451) was composed of fully carbonated cerussite, gypsum and litharge. The second kind of cosmetic corresponded to the most famous Greek cosmetic, called psymition, used by women to white the skin. The first type suggested that, for the same use, alternative materials, cheaper and most readily available, could be employed in the past.
The black powders, usually used to outline the eyes, were mostly given by carbon obtained from vegetable combustion (e.g. Inv. N° 1566, 2314, 4313) or, sometimes, from bone combustion (animal charcoal) as for the samples Inv. N° 3140, 1761.
A single blue powder (Inv N° 42259) was consisted by the famous Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10).
The love for the red color by Phoenician is evident from the great number of powders of this color, probably used to give color to the cheeks or lips. A wide variety of red minerals was found. In many cases the presence of hematite (e.g. Inv N° 2309, 2689, 4269) was detected.
A large number of pink and red powders containing cinnabar (unguentaries Inv N° 1393, 6480-1, 34396) was observed. No frequent and very interesting is in fact the HgS finding powder into alabastra (e.g. Inv. N° 7317/7, 1255), a holder typically used to contain ointments.
Another red pigment was identified as red lead (e.g. Inv N° 1606).
Finally, a singular discovery was the presence of red lead chromates chrocoite and phoenicochroite, two very rare minerals (e.g. sample Inv. N° 805, 1-98-2, 4386). In fact, they have never been previously attested for cosmetic use, and also rarely attested in paintings before the end of the 18th century when it began to be produced industrially.[4]
The high number of Phoenicians samples taken into examination has allowed to understand the typology of raw materials used by the Phoenicians settled in Sicilian contexts.
In this study affects the materials heterogeneity used for the make-up, even for example in comparison to the Roman culture, for which there has come a greater number of samples (sites such as Pompeii, Herculaneum and Oplontis were analyzed by our research group),[5-7] but which revealed a palette less extensive and less refined. In particular, this study identified the use of many kind of red pigments, also very rareof mineral origin.
References
[1] A. Huqet al., Combined, Appl. Phys. A, 2006, 83, 253–256.
[2] G. Freguglia, C. Baraldi, M.C. Gamberini, P. Toti, P. Baraldi, PRIN07- Colors and balms in antiquity: from the chemical study to the knowledge of technologies in cosmetics, painting and medicine. Aboca, Sansepolcro (Arezzo, Italy), 2-3th December 2010, p. 50-51.
[3] C. Baraldi, G. Freguglia, M.C. Gamberini, P. Baraldi, 5-8th September 2011, RAA2011, Parma, 2011, p. 103-104.
[4] R.J.H. Clark. Chimie, 2002, 5, 7–20.
[5] P. Baraldi, C. Fagnano, C. Baraldi, M.C. Gamberini, Automata, 2006, 1, 49.
[6] M.C.Gamberini, C. Baraldi, F. Palazzoli, E. Ribechini, P. Baraldi, Vib. Spectrosc. 2008, 47/2, 82.
[7] E. Van Elslande, M.C. Gamberini, C. Baraldi and P. Walter, An overview of the Raman studies on cosmetic powders from Pompeii, 14-18th September 2009. RAA2009, Bilbao, 2009
Introduction
Get PDFThis chapter describes the objectives and the overall design of the CHILD-UP project with a view to highlighting its main points of interest. Specifically, it accounts for the reasons foregrounding our research relative to how the enhancement of migrant children’s ability to participate in changing their social and cultural conditions of integration is currently achieved, and the ways this ability is accounted for and engaged with in educational interventions and policies. The chapter also describes the conceptual background of the CHILD-UP research concerning the ways of enhancing and supporting migrant children’s agency in activities that can improve hybrid integration in the education system. The aims of CHILD-UP, as will be shown in the chapter, are to improve policies and interventions, suggesting methods that can be applied in educational institutions across Europe, to support migrant children’s opportunities for participating creatively and autonomously in the production of their education. Finally, the chapter describes the project methodology, a prevalently qualitative inquiry that has been used to investigate the policies and practices of integration of migrant children, the professionals’ and migrant children’s narratives about the education system, the classroom activities facilitating children’s agency and dialogue, and finally interpreting/mediation in parent-teacher interactions
Exploring the Narratives and Agency of Children with Migrant Backgrounds within Schools Researching Hybrid Integration Conclusions
Get PDFThe first objective of the final chapter summarises the findings of CHILD-UP field research. Moreover, the implications of CHILD-UP research are discussed with regard to the potential impact of its results for scientific innovation and quality of education practices at local and European levels, by stressing the meanings and the importance of hybrid integration based on children’s exercise of agency. For this purpose, the chapter includes several aspects and consequences of the CHILD-UP research. First, it focuses on findings showing the educational practices as well as acknowledging challenges for these practices. Second, it suggests theoretical and methodological innovation in the ways of investigating the inclusion of children with migration background in the education system, by promoting their agency and hybrid integration. Third, it suggests what can be done to overcome challenges towards better results. Finally, by explaining practices that promote children’s agency and hybrid integration, the chapter suggests ways of achieving educational change and the possible social impact of research findings on educational policies and practices
The conceptual framework
Get PDFThe chapter describes the conceptual framework of the project which combined the concepts of hybrid integration and the facilitation of migrant children’s agency. It deals with the concept that facilitating migrant children’s agency is extremely important for their hybrid integration. Agency is intended as a specific form of participation, based on the choices of action that enable children to promote change in their social contexts. The concept of agency is combined with the concept of facilitation of children’s narratives and non-essentialist theories that challenge the idea of permanent membership of cultural groups to conceive cultural identity as a contingent product of social negotiation in public discourse and interaction. The chapter explains that cultural and ethnic diversity can be conceived as social construction, so that negotiations can produce hybrid identities, i.e. changing and flexible manifestations of cultural identities so that integration can be seen as hybrid integration, based on the interlacing of children’s personal cultural trajectories. Finally, the chapter illustrates how expectations about girls and boys can differ, creating barriers and possibilities in terms of children’s agency. The combination of an agency-based perspective with a gender approach leads to approach gender as a social construction
Analisi micro-Raman di polveri cosmetiche greche e puniche
No full textPresso il Museo Archeologico Regionale “Antonino Salinas” di Palermo è conservato un importante nucleo di balsamari provenienti da Selinunte. Taluni, di pregevole manifattura, provengono dal Santuario di Demetra Malophoros. Altri unguentari e balsamari provengono dall’acropoli, altri ancora dalle necropoli. Appartengono ad un periodo compreso tra la metà del VI e la metà del V secolo a. C. L’area sacra, messa in luce durante gli scavi effettuati da Cavallari nel 1818 e da Salinas nel 1903-1905, ha portato alla luce una quantità immensa di materiali archeologici. Nell'area dove prima sorgeva l'acropoli i resti presentano un abitato misto, punico e greco. Al fine di questo studio sono stati inoltre presi in esame anche altri campioni, conservati nei saloni espositivi e in magazzino, provenienti dall’isola di Mozia, insediamento prettamente fenicio-punico.Gli insediamenti da cui provengono i contenitori, Selinunte e Mozia, offrono una gamma di valenze culturali assai variegata che sta a confermare il loro carattere di insediamenti nati da e per lo scambio. Le analisi condotte nel presente lavoro fanno seguito a quelle relative ad un importante gruppo di contenitori cosmetici di età Punica, coevi a quelli qui studiati, conservati presso il Museo della Fondazione Withaker sull’isola di Mozia [1,2].Il nucleo di balsamari fittili e vitrei, pissidi e alabastra considerati è stato ispezionato e si sono raccolte polveri di vari colori.La microscopia Raman ha permesso di identificare e caratterizzare i residui. Campioni bianchi hanno rivelato essere composti prevalentemente da miscele di gesso e anidrite (n inv. 1680, 1663, 1753). Le pissidi n. 1393 e 1451 presentavano residui bianchi composti da cerussite completamente carbonatata, gesso e litargirio. Si tratta del cosmetico greco per eccellenza, denominato psymition, utilizzato dalle donne per conferire pallore all’incarnato.Polveri rosa contenute in balsamari figurati di origine greca hanno mostrato come componenti ematite, quarzo, calcite, anatasio e goetite oppure, nel caso dell’askos zoomorfo n. 610, calcite, ossido di piombo, ematite, carbone e residuo organico. Il contenitore in vetro policromo n. 34228 presentava un abbondante residuo rosso composto da magnetite, quarzo, silicati ed ematite. Una conchiglia del genere Pecten (n. 34396) mostrava residui rossi composti da ematite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, goetite e tracce di cinabro (HgS). Un’interessante polvere rossa, (HgS miscelato con anatasio) è stata rinvenuta all’interno dell’ alabstron n. 7317/7 proveniente dalla necropoli di Marsala (tomba n.34). Risultati simili si sono ottenuti nell’ambito delle precedenti indagini su Mozia relative a contenitori della stessa tipologia. Il rinvenimento di questi pigmenti in associazione ad alasbatra è interessante in quanto la letteratura generalmente indica l’uso dedicato di questi particolari contenitori ad unguenti e profumi. Le analisi del contenuto azzurro della coppetta fittile n. 42259 hanno rilevato la presenza del celebre blu egiziano (CaCuSi4O10).Bibliografia[1] G. Freguglia, C. Baraldi, M.C. Gamberini, P. Toti, P. Baraldi,; PRIN07- Colors and balms in antiquity: from the chemical study to the knowledge of technologies in cosmetics, painting and medicine. Aboca, Sansepolcro (Arezzo, Italy), 2-3th December 2010, p. 50-51[2] C. Baraldi, G. Freguglia, M.C. Gamberini, P. Baraldi, RAA2011 Parma 5-8th September 2011, pp. 103-104
Introduction: Understanding coordination in interpreter-mediated interaction
No full textThis introduction is an extended reflection on the three key concepts that underlie the contributions collected here: coordination, mediation and participation. In Section 1, we revisit the notion of coordination (1.1) and look at the ways in which it is dealt with in the chapters in this volume (1.2). In Section 2,
we discuss the notion of mediation as an activity, both on a professional level (2.1) and on an interactional level (2.2). In Section 3, we look at how the concept of participation relates to those of coordination and mediation and at the ways in which the various chapters in this volume address the issue. An overview of
the organization of the book is provided in Section 4; a note on the transcription methods adopted to present the data concludes this introduction
Using formulations to manage conflicts in classroom interactions
No full textIn classroom interactions, facilitation of children’s autonomous choice of acting (agency) may produce conflicts among children. While facilitation does not have the function of managing these conflicts, it shares some types of action with conflict mediation, one of which is formulation. Formulation elaborates the gist of previous utterances and enhances interlocutors’ actions. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of nine transcribed sequences of interaction, included into five different programs of facilitation. The analysis shows that formulations fulfil two different functions. First (function of mediation), they are designed as developments of the gist of children’s utterances, enhancing stories of cooperation. Second (function of facilitation), they are designed as explications of the gist of children’s utterances, without enhancing cooperative stories
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