1,721,098 research outputs found
Formulation Strategies for Antitubercular Drugs by Inhalation
No full textThis chapter explores the formulation of inhalation products that could be employed in several critical therapeutic and socio-economical situations with expected greater efficacy in terms of the amount of drug deposited and local drug availability. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most commonly affecting the lungs. It is transmitted from one person to another via contaminated droplets nebulized in air when people with the active infection cough or sneeze. Drug-resistant TB is the man-made result of interrupted, erratic, or inadequate TB therapy, and its expansion is undermining efforts to control the global TB epidemic. The therapy of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is carried on with the so-called second-line drugs. Several studies have recently been started in order to introduce inhalation medicines that enable to complement the oral or parenteral administration, eventually aiming to increase the effectiveness against the resistant strains
INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY Techniques and Products
No full textProvides students and those in industry with concise clear guide to the essential fundamentals in inhalation drug deliver
A drug powder for inhalation administration and a process thereof
No full textA drug powder is described and a process for its preparation, which comprises drug particles in amounts equal to or higher than 90% w/w, wherein said drug particles are at least partially coated with an amount lower than or equal to 2.0% w/w of an adjuvant which consists of one or a mixture of C12-C18 saturated fatty acid or their salts. The invention relates particularly to powder of tobramycin
Caratterizzazione e modellazione del comportamento meccanicodella valvola di un pMDI.
No full textL’efficacia inalatoria di farmaci nebulizzati per pazienti asmatici dipende in larga misura dal disegno costruttivo del dispositivo utilizzato e dei suoi componenti meccanici. I pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers (pMDI) sono dispositivi caratterizzati dall’erogazione di una dose costante di farmaco contenuto in bombolette pressurizzate in alluminio o acciaio inox, di misura standard e di tipo usa e getta. La loro efficacia è essenzialmente funzione della pressione di erogazione e del disegno dell’orifizio attraverso il quale il prodotto è nebulizzato. In questo lavoro è presentata una campagna di prove sperimentali effettuata su una gamma di 3 prodotti esistenti in commercio, volta alla valutazione quantitativa di alcuni parametri critici per il funzionamento di un pMDI. In particolare, attraverso prove di compressione su bombolette alloggiate nei supporti originali, è valutata l’influenza sull’efficacia di funzionamento del dispositivo da parte di (i) temperatura di utilizzo; (ii) velocità di compressione; (iii) quantità residua di prodotto; e (iv) scorretto utilizzo del dispositivo. L’analisi della risposta meccanica del dispositivo in termini di forza necessaria alla compressione per erogare la dose e spostamento dello stelo, ha stimolato lo sviluppo di un modello a parametri concentrati del comportamento meccanico della valvola. Il modello, che tiene conto dei componenti elastici della valvola e della compressibilità del fluido, rappresenta un utile strumento per il progetto e l’ottimizzazione dei dispositivi pMDI
Micro/nanosystems and biomaterials for controlled delivery of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents
No full textINTRODUCTION: Microbial resistance is a severe problem for clinical practice due to misuse of antibiotics that promotes the development of surviving strategies by bacteria and fungi. Microbial cells surrounded by a self-produced polymer matrix, defined as biofilms, are inherently more difficult to eradicate. Biofilms endow bacteria with a unique resistance against antibiotics and other anti-microbial agents and play a crucial role in chronic infection.AREAS COVERED: Biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance in the lung and wounds. Existing inhaled therapies for treatment of biofilm-associated lung infections. Role of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies to fight resistant microbes and biofilms.EXPERT OPINION: The effectiveness of antibiotics has gradually decreased due to the onset of resistance phenomena. The formation of biofilms represents one of the most important steps in the development of resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The most obvious solution for overcoming this criticality would be the discovery of new antibiotics. However, the number of new molecules with antimicrobial activity brought into clinical development has considerably decreased. In the last decades the development of innovative drug delivery systems, in particular those based on nanotechnological platforms, has represented the most effective and economically affordable approach to optimize the use of available antibiotics, improving their effectiveness profile. Abbreviations AZT: Aztreonam; BAT: Biofilm antibiotic tolerance; CF: Cystic Fibrosis; CIP: Ciprofloxacin; CRS: Chronic Rhinosinusitis; DPPG: 1,2-dipalmytoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; DSPC: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine sodium salt; EPS: extracellular polymeric substance; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second; GSNO: S-nitroso-glutathione; LAE: lauroyl arginate ethyl; MIC: Minimum inhibitory Concentration; NCFB: Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis; NTM: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria; NTM-LD: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Lung Disease PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pDMAEMA: poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate);pDMAEMA-co-PAA-co-BMA: poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-co-propylacrylic acid-co-butyl methacrylate; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PEGDMA: polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate;PCL: Poly-epsilon-caprolactone; PLA: poly-lactic acid; PLGA: poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid; PVA: poli-vinyl alcohol; SA: Staphylococcus aureus; TIP: Tobramycin Inhalation Powder; TIS: Tobramycin Inhalation Solution; TPP: Tripolyphosphate
The role of lipophilic adjuvant to produce high respirable tobramicin powders for inhalation
No full textchimerical agglomerates of microparticles for nasal administration of analgesic drug powders
No full textCrystalline Microparticles of a Beta-Agonist Coated with a Fatty Acid
No full textCrystalline microparticles consisting of a phenylalkylamino beta2-adrenergic agonist coated with a C 12-C20 fatty acid to be used for the preparation of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations in form of suspension in a liquefied propellant gas or powder formulations
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