6,089 research outputs found
Therapeutic uses of inorganic nitrite and nitrate - from the past to the future
No full textPotential carcinogenic effects, blue baby syndrome, and occasional intoxications caused by nitrite, as well as the suspected health risks related to fertilizer overuse, contributed to the negative image that inorganic nitrite and nitrate have had for decades. Recent experimental studies related to the molecular interaction between nitrite and heme proteins in blood and tissues, the potential role of nitrite in hypoxic vasodilatation, and an unexpected protective action of nitrite against ischemia/reperfusion injury, however, paint a different picture and have led to a renewed interest in the physiological and pharmacological properties of nitrite and nitrate. The range of effects reported suggests that these simple oxyanions of nitrogen have a much richer profile of biological actions than hitherto assumed, and several efforts are currently underway to investigate possible beneficial effects in the clinical arena. We provide here a brief historical account of the medical uses of nitrite and nitrate over the centuries that may serve as a basis for a careful reassessment of the health implications of their exposure and intake and may inform investigations into their therapeutic potential in the future
Prismosticta Butler 1880
No full textPrismosticta Butler, 1880 Prismosticta Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6 (5): 67. (Type species: Prismosticta fenestrata Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6 (5): 68. Type locality: Darjeeling, India.). Type-species by original designation. Prismosticta: Chu & Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia 10: 239; Chu & Wang, 1996, Fauna Sinica Insecta 5: 52. This genus is similar to Andraca Walker, 1865, but can be distinguished from it by the following characters: apical part of the forewing with one or two white hyaline spots, discal cell of forewing with a black spot. Distributed in China, India, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia.Published as part of Wang, Xing, Huang, Guo-Hua & Wang, Min, 2011, Notes on the genus Prismosticta (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2895 on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20687
Cytosolic arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) deficiency in the dog and other canids due to an absence of NAT genes
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis in the dog for an unusual and absolute deficiency in the activity of cytosolic N-acetyltransferase (NAT), an enzyme important for the metabolism of arylamine and hydrazine compounds. NAT activity towards two NAT substrates, p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfamethazine, was undetectable in dog liver cytosol, despite substrate concentrations ranging from 10 microM to 4 mM and a wide range of incubation times. Similarly, no protein immunoreactive to NAT antibody was evident on western blot analysis of canine liver cytosol. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a total of twenty-five purebred and mixed bred dogs, and eight wild canids, probed with a full-length human NAT2 cDNA, suggested an absence of NAT sequences in all canids. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA using degenerate primers designed to mammalian NAT1 and NAT2 consensus sequences generated products of the expected size in human, mouse, rabbit, and cat DNA, but no NAT products in any dog or wild canids. These results support the conclusion that cytosolic NAT deficiency in the domestic dog is due to a complete absence of NAT genes, and that this defect is shared by other canids.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 0101032; 150-13-0 (4-Aminobenzoic Acid); 57-68-1 (Sulfamethazine); 9007-49-2 (DNA); EC 2.3.1.5 (Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Oreta turpis Butler 1877
No full textOreta turpis Butler, 1877 Figs. 18, 69, 108, 139, 165 Oreta turpis Butler, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4) 20: 477. Lectotype 3, Japan: Yokohama (BMNH). Oreta calida Butler, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4) 20: 477. Lectotype 3, Japan: Yokohama (BMNH). Psiloreta turpis: Inoue, 1959, Icon. Insec. Jap. Col. Nat. Edt., 1: 175, pl. 122: 17. Material examined. JAPAN, Yokohama (BMNH), 77.9, Drepanidae genitalia slide No. 519, 13 (Lectotype). BMNH Drepanidae slide photographs examined, 1 Ƥ, slide No. 1768. Diagnosis. The wing pattern resembles the brown form of O. paki, which is externally indistinguishable. Two species can be differentiated by the male genitalia. In O. turpis, the uncus is broader, the valva shorter, and the long sacculus smooth and without teeth, while in O. paki, the uncus is narrower, the valva longer, and the long sacculus bears two small teeth. The aedeagus of O. turpis bears a twisted and protruding sclerite, which is a developed dorsal sclerite in O. paki. The median process of the gnathos in O. turpis is much longer, the length being about two-thirds that of the sacculus, while in O. paki it is much shorter, with length less than half the length of the sacculus. In the female genitalia, the signum is situated more basally than in O. paki. Distribution. China (Shandong), Japan, Korea.Published as part of Song, Wenhui, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang, 2012, Revision of Chinese Oretinae (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3445 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21298
Cerace tetraonis Butler 1886
No full text105. Cerace tetraonis Butler, 1886 Cerace tetraonis Butler, 1886; Proc. zool. Soc. London 1886: 394. = Cerace tetraonis archimedis Diakonoff, 1950; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 1: 193. TL: Pakistan (tetraonis); India, Assam, Khasis, Cherrapunji [now in Meghalaya] (archimedes). Distribution: India (Meghalaya); Japan; Pakistan (Diakonoff 1950). Host: Larvae feed on Quercus dilatata (Fagaceae) and Camellia sp. (Theaceae) (Diakonoff 1970; Debnath & Das 1995). Illustrations: Genitalia (Diakonoff 1950a: 195, 201).Published as part of Pathania, Prakash C., Das, Apurva & Chandra, Kailash, 2020, Catalogue of Tortricidae Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Tortricoidea) of India, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 4757 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4757.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/375605
Scirpophaga lineata Butler 1879
No full text16. Scirpophaga lineata (Butler, 1879) Fig. 27 Apurima lineata Bulter, 1879, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 4: 457. Material examined Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23.1 °N 99.2 °E, 1 Ψ, 19.V. 1980, Song Shimei (S 189). Distribution China: Yunnan (new record); Japan, India, West Malaysia, Sulawesi.Published as part of Chen, Fuqiang, Song, Shimei & Wu, Chunsheng, 2006, A review of the genus Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 1236 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17279
Prismosticta fenestrata Butler 1880
No full textPrismosticta fenestrata Butler, 1880 Prismosticta fenestrata Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6 (5): 68. Type locality: Darjeeling, India. Prismosticta sinica Yang, 1995, Insects of Baishanzu Mountain, Eastern China: 353. Type locality: Zhejiang, China. This species can be distinguished by the uncus with two sickle-shaped processes, the middle of uncus deeply bilobed, Ushaped. Its fully grown larva (originally identified as Andraca bipunctata Walker, l 865) was described by Sevastopulo (1939). Distributed in China (Zhejiang, Xizang, Taiwan), India, Nepal.Published as part of Wang, Xing, Huang, Guo-Hua & Wang, Min, 2011, Notes on the genus Prismosticta (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2895 on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20687
Greek Author
No full textGreek Author. Naples Nat\u27l. Arch. Mus. XII.13.6https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/ferguson_photos/1276/thumbnail.jp
Micardia argentata Butler 1878
No full textMicardia argentata Butler, 1878 Fig. 9 Micardia argentata Butler, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 1: 81; Warren, 1912, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 3: 280, 52 e; Sugi, 1982, in Inoue et al., Moths of Japan: 813, pl. 197, figs. 2, 3. Type locality: Japan, Yokohama. [BMNH]. Eustrotia argentata: Hampson, 1910, Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus., 10: 574. Diagnosis. The species is distinguishable from other species of Micardia by the white stripe covered most area of the discal cell on the forewing. Material Examined. JAPAN: Yokohama, IX. 1877, coll. Jonas, 13 (Holotype) (BMNH, photograph examined). Distribution. China (Zhejiang), N. Korea, Japan. Remarks. The holotype is examined from photos from the BMNH. A male specimen was first recorded from China by Hampson (1910). It is labelled as "C. China, Kiukiang, Snowy Valley, W.B. Pryer" and "Chekiang" (provided by Mr. M. R. Honey). There is a discrepancy for the locality between "Kiukiang" (Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and "Snowy Valley" (nr. Ningbo, Zhejiang). Because there is another label, namely "Chekiang", we report the species from Zhejiang following the advice of M. R. Honey. We also have not found the species in our collection.Published as part of Chen, Fuqiang & Xue, Dayong, 2012, A review of Micardia Butler, 1878 from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae, pp. 45-52 in Zootaxa 3417 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28195
Prismosticta Butler 1880
No full textXXIII. Prismosticta Butler, 1880 (FIGURES 43–44) Prismosticta Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 6 (5): 67. Type species: Prismosticta fenestrata Butler, 1880, by original designation. Diagnosis. Very similar to Prismostictoides, but can be distinguished based by the following features: forewing with outer margin more smoother; tranglular transparent spot near apex larger; uncus shallowly bifid with short finger-shaped or short tooth-shaped lobes; gnathos strongly sclerotized, medial lobe smooth or spinulose; valva symmetrical with blunt apex; aedeagus curved; vesica helical, with a single hook-like cornutus. Distribution. China, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, India. Remarks. At present, the genus consists of six species (Holloway, 1987; Chu & Wang, 1993, 1996; Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009; Wang et al., 2011), distributed in Asia. Four Prismosticta species are here recorded from China (Map 23). Map 23. Distribution of Prismosticta spp. mainly in ChinaPublished as part of Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2015, The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 3989 (1) on pages 108-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23871
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