141 research outputs found
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: September 2021
Get PDFWe included 61 completed studies, representing 16,759 participants, of which 34 were
RCTs. Five of the 61 included studies were new to this review update. Of the included
studies, we rated seven (all contributing to our main comparisons) at low risk of
bias overall, 42 at high risk overall (including all non-randomized studies), and
the remainder at unclear risk.
There was moderate-certainty evidence, limited by imprecision, that quit rates were
higher in people randomized to nicotine EC than in those randomized to nicotine replacement
therapy(NRT) (risk ratio (RR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 1.93; I
= 0%; 4 studies, 1924participants). In absolute terms, this might translate to an
additional three quitters per 100 (95%CI 1 to 6). There was low-certainty evidence
(limited by very serious imprecision) that the rate of occurrence of AEs was similar
(RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.19; I
= 0%; 2 studies, 485participants). SAEs were rare, but there was insufficient evidence
to determine whether rates differed between groups due to very serious imprecision
(RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.90: I
= 0;4 studies, 1424 participants).
There was moderate-certainty evidence, again limited by imprecision, that quit rates
were higher in people randomized to nicotine EC than to non-nicotine EC (RR 1.94,
95% CI 1.21 to3.13; I
= 0%; 5 studies, 1447 participants). In absolute terms, this might lead to an additional seven quitters per 100 (95% CI 2 to 16). There was moderate-certainty evidence of
no difference in the rate of AEs between these groups (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.11;
I
= 0%; 3studies, 601 participants). There was insufficient evidence to determine
whether rates of SAEs differed between groups, due to very serious imprecision (RR
1.06, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.38; I
= 0;5 studies, 792 participants).
Compared to behavioural support only/no support, quit rates were higher for participants randomized to nicotine EC (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.74; I
= 0%; 6 studies, 2886participants). In absolute terms this represents an additional
six quitters per 100 (95% CI 2 to15). However, this finding was of very low certainty,
due to issues with imprecision and risk ofbias. There was some evidence that non-serious
AEs were more common in peoplerandomized to nicotine EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to
1.32; I = 41%, low certainty; 4 studies,765 participants), and again, insufficient evidence
to determine whether rates of SAEs differed between groups (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.70 to
3.24; I = 0%; 7 studies, 1303 participants).
Data from non-randomized studies were consistent with RCT data. The most commonly reported AEs were throat/mouth irritation, headache, cough, and nausea, which tended
to dissipate with continued use. Very few studies reported data on other outcomes
or comparisons, hence evidence for these is limited, with CIs often encompassing clinically significant harm and benefit
AUT803935_Lay_Abstract – Supplemental material for Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective
No full textSupplemental material, AUT803935_Lay_Abstract for Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective by Sinead Lambe, Ailsa Russell, Catherine Butler, Sangeet Fletcher, Chris Ashwin and Mark Brosnan in Autism</p
Supporting vulnerable adults : citizenship, capacity, choice
No full textThe author examines theories of citizenship, capacity and choice when supporting vulnerable adults and uses the impact of the early implementation of the Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 as a model. Her main themes are the extent of the reach of the state and the appropriateness of this with; a discussion of the tension between autonomy and protection and consideration of whether or not vulnerability impacts on the human rights of individuals. Concepts of harm and abuse are explored. Key questions answered include: does diminished intellectual capacity limit your rights as a citizen? Does vulnerability, and being at risk of harm or abuse, limit capacity? The author also explores whether the introduction of such legislation compromises individuals’ free will and choice. The book bases itself around the Scottish legislation and draws on the emerging results of empirical research undertaken by the author over the first two years following its implementation, the first of its kind in the UK. This provides a unique focus for the central debate on autonomy and protection and the link to citizenship and capacity. Supporting Vulnerable Adults provides an excellent overview of the tensions inherent in these policies for students and for those health and social care workers, policy makers and other practitioners whose work involves the vulnerable. Ailsa Stewart is a Lecturer in the Glasgow School of Social Work, a joint school of the Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde
Short Fiction in Theory & Practice special issue Figure of the Author
No full textFollowing the conference co-organized between the University of Angers and Edge Hill University on The Figure of the Author in the Short Story in English April 2011, a special double issue of Short Fiction in Theory and Practice (co-edited with the Journal of the Short Story in English) is out now. http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Journal,id=196
Short Fiction in Theory & Practice special issue Figure of the Author
No full textFollowing the conference co-organized between the University of Angers and Edge Hill University on The Figure of the Author in the Short Story in English April 2011, a special double issue of Short Fiction in Theory and Practice (co-edited with the Journal of the Short Story in English) is out now. http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Journal,id=196
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) immunisation programmes in Europe Analyses of the impact on the incidence of measles based on mathematical models of viral transmission dynamics
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DN056689 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Cochrane review of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation
No full textSupplementary tables 1-10 for the update to the Cochrane review of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Once accepted the DOI for the publication will be: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub
Past to Present to Past: Settling in the Unsettle-able
No full textPast to Present to Past is an architectural investigation responding to the growing need to address sea level rise in the built environment. The two sites of focus are Leysdown-on-Sea, UK and Red Sands Fort in the Thames Estuary.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
‘Travestido, Transformado, Definitivamente Distinto’? Transgenericidad and Gender Trouble in Leonardo Padura's Máscaras
Get PDFThis article considers how Máscaras (1995), the third novel in Cuban author Leonardo Padura's post‐Soviet detective fiction series Las cuatro estaciones, transforms the genre. This article argues that at once using and subverting US tenets of noir, the author successfully transfigures archetypes of form and content, in particular commenting on the figure of the Hombre Nuevo. The article discusses Máscaras as an example of a trans‐genre/transgenericidad: the novel demonstrates how postmodern symptoms such as self‐awareness and metanarrativity, deviant from the archetypal crime genre, reinforce and inform notions of fluid and performative representations of bodies and sexualities in Cuba
Loose Canons: Readers, Authors and Consumption in Helen Simpson's 'The Festival of the Immortals'
No full textHelen Simpson’s “The Festival of the Immortals” satirizes the contemporary phenomenon of the author event, peopling a literary festival with dead authors from the English literary canon. However, Simpson tempers the satire with an affectionate portrait of two elderly festival-goers for whom the cult of the author represents an emotional investment in the act of reading. The article draws on Bakhtinian theory in order to examine Simpson’s ambivalence towards public forms of literary consumption, which may be compared with other examples of female consumerism in her previous stories. In this story and elsewhere, Simpson address the silencing of female voices and the marginalizing of women’s experience. Using Derek Attridge’s concept of an “idioculture” we may understand the interconnected activities of reading and writing as a means of accessing “otherness”, and defend the legitimacy of reading texts through an imagined figure of the author
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