493 research outputs found
Changes in the nitrogen compound transformation processes of typical chernozem depending on the tillage systems and fertilizers
No full textSaabunud / Received 15.12.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 18.06.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 18.06.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Andrii Butenko ; [email protected] analysis of efficiency’s research of interrelation between soil’s biomass and tillage systems and fertilizers is done. The number of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds and their state in typical black soil was studied. There is evidence-based scientific and practical research on the effectiveness of these microbiological processes and the improvement of environmental performance through the various fertilizer systems and soil tillage. The use of an organic-mineral fertilizer system increases the total number of soil microorganisms and exponential mobilization processes, compared to the variant without fertilizers. This pattern is clear in the variants of shelf tillage for row crop rotation. The number of microorganisms that absorb mineral compounds of nitrogen decreased by 24%, bacteria ammonification by 1.5–5.7% compared to plough tillage. The ratio between the number of microorganisms accounted for the nutrient laboratory solutions for organic-mineral fertilizer system, compared to variants without fertilizers, is greater by 20–26% for differentiated and 14–35% for shallow tillage
Biological activity of chernozems typical of different farming practices
No full textSaabunud / Received 21.10.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 07.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 08.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Andrii Butenko [email protected] study aimed to determine the impact of different farming practices (organic and intensive) on the dynamics of potential biological activity of typical chernozem (mollisol). Comparative-profile-genetic, microbiological and mathematical-statistical methods were used for the research. The data obtained during the study of soil biological activity for 2018–2020 were analyzed. The highest popu-lation density of Collembola was observed in the variant of fallow soil in the layer of 10–20 cm (111 indiv. dm3 –1) with the lowest amount of Oribatida (32 indiv. dm3 –1). Under conditions of agrogenic use of soils, the predominance of Oribatida over Collembola was recorded. When using green manure in a soil layer of 0–10 cm, the number of Oribatida is 125 indiv. dm3 –1, while Collembola – 50 indiv. dm3 –1. Agrogenic use of chernozems reduces the number of microscopic fungi. The intensive farming system is the reason for the decrease in the number of all ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the 0–10 cm layer while increasing their number in the layer of 20–30 cm. Variants of the organic system of agriculture, especially with the use of green manure, contribute to the increase in the number of actinomycetes and amylolytic microbiota, as well as a short-term sharp increase in the number of oligonitrophilic microbiota. Agricultural use of soils reduces the activity of enzymes such as invertase, protease, dehydrogenase and cellulase. However, the activity of urease and catalase – increases in the soils of the organic system of agriculture. Discriminant analysis of biological activity identified three groups of soils, corresponding to different farming systems. This confirms the possibility of using the studied indicators for soil biodiagnostics
Economic efficiency of Camelina sativa growing with nutrition optimization under conditions of Precarpathians of Ukraine
No full textSaabunud / Received 28.09.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 07.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 08.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Andrii Butenko [email protected] results of research conducted during 2015–2018 in a field experiment on sod-podzolic soils while studying the effect of different fertilizers on productivity of Camelina sativa and oil-bearing crops and, accordingly, economic efficiency and competitiveness of this crop growing have been presented. The dependence of elements of productivity and yielding capacity on the application of mineral fertilizers has been revealed. It has been found that the application of mineral fertilizers had a significant impact on the productivity of Camelina sativa seeds and the cost index and profitability of Camelina sativa seeds, accordingly. Depending on the studied elements in growing technology of little-known in Ukraine crop of Camelina sativa, the main indices of economic efficiency were determined. It has been found that with optimization of plant nutrition, regardless of the increase in cultivation costs, conditionally net profit and profitability level increased. This was facilitated by foliar fertilization with modern restrictive preparations or complex micro fertilizers in critical periods of crop vegetation. Depending on the variant of the experiment, the average conditionally net profit during growing years ranged from 471.78 to 688.48 € ha–1 (1 UAH = 0.032 €), and profitability level ranged from 178.8 to 222.0%
Influence of fertilizing and tillage systems on humus content of typical chernozem
No full textSaabunud / Received 19.04.2023 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 30.06.2023 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 15.08.2023 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author Andrii Butenko ; [email protected] study aimed to measure the effect of tillage and
fertilizing systems in short crop rotation on the content, and сomposition
of humuse’s substances in soil’s type as typical chernozem of the zone
Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The highest humus content was determined in
the variant with the application of 11.5 t ha–1 of organic fertilizers +
N27P38K45 kg ha–1. The humus content in the 0–10 cm layer against the
background of shallow tillage without a moldboard was 4.25%, with
moaldboard-subsurface tillage – 4.23%. These tillage systems have the
most favourable effect on the formation and humus matter (t ha–1). The
humus storage in the variant of shallow subsurface tillage was 41.4 t ha–1,
i.e. 1.3 t less than in differentiated tillage. The use of soil without
fertilizing led to significant humus losses and deterioration of the
compound of humus substances due to mineralization processes that
prevail over immobilization processes. When applying 11.5 t of organic
fertilizers and (N27P38K45) mineral fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation
area, the number of humic substances increased significantly and the
amount of fulvic acids in the top layer decreased. The ratio of HA (Humic
acids) to FA (Fulvic acids) is 2.48. The type of humus formation is humus-
fulvatic
Economic efficiency of sweet corn growing with nutrition optimization
No full textSaabunud / Received 13.02.2022 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 06.04.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 06.04.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Andrii Butenko ; [email protected] efficiency of sweet corn production for grain has been studied; economic advantages of cultivation in comparison with other crops have been highlighted. The article presents the results of research on issues of improving the economic efficiency of technology elements for growing sweet corn of the variety Moreland F1 under conditions of Precarpathians of Ukraine. Taking into account the production strategy, have been outlined cost-effective resource-saving and intensive technologies which provide the stable yielding capacity of early-ripening hybrid of sweet corn under conditions of Precarpathians at the level of 4.99–6.65 t ha–1 accordingly with the profit of 370–500 € ha–1 and grain production profitability 112–135%. It is established that under the conditions of application of mineral fertilizers at the dose of N135P90K125 + N60 + N30 in two stages the grain yield of corn increases compared to the absolute control (by 2.26 t ha–1, or 30.3%) with increasing costs per 1 ha of sown area 68.23 €, or 26.4%). In proportion to the increase in yield, the amount of profit, which is 192.42 € ha–1, also increased significantly
The Worlds of travelling by Andrii Bludov
No full textСтаттю присвячено аналізу серії полотен "Сицзан" відомого сучасного художника Андрія Блудова. Зустрівшись із культурою Сходу (Тибет), митець по-новому інтерпретує пластичні прийоми, які
властиві його стилістиці. Проте чари медитації повною мірою не захопили свідомості Блудова, він
наполягає на необхідності динамічного життя. Автора не можна назвати митцем однієї інтелектуальної та пластичної теми, оскільки у його доробку – експерименти різних видів і технік мистецтва.
Художник визначає власну творчість як «прикордонну», що існує на межі абстракції та внутрішнього реалізму. У творах Блудова існують архетипові образи-знаки, що мандрують з одного полотна
на інше. Андрій Блудов маніфестує ідеї благочестя та мудрості в час, коли соціальний активізм захопив свідомість більшості українських художників. Повна художня та інтелектуальна інформація
полотен Блудова відкривається, якщо глядач готовий сприйняти її на чуттєвому та розумовому рівнях.This article analyzes the series of paintings “Sytszan” by famous contemporary artist Andrii Bludov.
Faced with the culture of the East (Tibet), he interprets this theme in new plastic techniques within his style.
But the spell of meditation did not fully capture Bludov’s consciousness; he insisted on the necessity of
a dynamic life. The author cannot be called an artist of a particular style. Different plastic and intellectual
themes occur in his works of different types. He experiments in techniques of art.
In the compositions of the author, a devoted meditation is shown as the basic idea of religious life in Tibet.
Bludov riches a difficult task to depict spatial emptiness not as nature but as a spiritual and psychological
phenomenon. In the series “Sytszan”, metaphor reaches the limit of expressiveness and credibility. The metaphor
arises as a need of the artist in a short period of time (time constraints film, performances, and art).
In the same compositions. the painter depicts the world of human relations and cultural situations, a large
reservoir of life. Then he turns to the images-metaphors for installation. Metaphor is a working tool in the
works of Andrii Bludov. It meets the needs of modern outlook on the parallel introduction of countervailing
information into a single structural artwork unit.
The artist defines his own work as «border» on the verge of abstraction and internal realism in the sense
of mystical realism. In the works of Bludov, archetypes are images of characters that travel from one canvas
to another. The full artistic and intellectual information of Andrii Bludov’s paintings will open if the viewer
is ready to accept them on the sensory and mental levels
Effect of seed pre-treatment with plant growth compound regulators on seedling growth under drought stress
No full textSaabunud / Received 28.10.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 10.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 11.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Andrii Melnyk [email protected] experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different compound regulators on the germination rate, seedling morphology of two mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars ('Felicia' and 'Prima') under simulated drought stress with PEG-6000. The eight commercial growth compound regulators (ALBIT, VERMISTIMD, ANTISTRESS, AGRINOS, REGOPLAN, BIOFOGE, STIMULATE, and FAST START) were pretreated seeds at recommended doses. The application of growth regulators promoted the growth of seedlings under drought stress but had no obvious effect on the germination rate of the two varieties. The root fresh weight, total root length, leaf area, stem length, and stem volume in 'Felicia' significantly increased with ANTISTRESS treatment by 24.28, 3.30, 24.70, 19.40, and 30.90%. In addition, the number of lateral roots reached the maximum with AGRINOS and REGOPLAN treatment compared with plants without regulators under drought conditions, which were 135.55 and 121.20%, respectively. For 'Prima', the application of FAST START had a remarkable effect on root fresh weight, total root length, lateral root number and primary root length, root surface area, leaf area, and stem volume by 17.62, 18.12, 211.20, 53.75, 28.57, 15.90, and 32.30%, respectively
Quasispin models in quantum physics
No full textTitle: Quasispin models in quantum physics Author: Andrii Zymin Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Stránský, Ph.D., Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Abstract: The use of symmetries in quantum physics helps in a deeper understanding of physical systems and simplifies numerical calculations. This thesis studies models based on the SU(2) algebra, which, in spite of their apparent simplicity, show rather rich behavior and describe a wide spectrum of physical phenomena. We review various realizations of the SU(2) algebra (namely the spin, boson, and fermion realization) and present the most general quantum hamiltonian with one- and two-body interactions, constructed from the SU(2) generators. We perform the classical limit of the hamiltonian and show a numerical study of several particular examples. Keywords: dynamical symmetries, Lipkin model, su(2) algebra, quasispi
Role of surface defects in ceria-based catalysis
No full textTitle: Role of surface defects in ceria-based catalysis Author: Andrii Tovt Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. Mgr. Josef Mysliveček Ph.D., Department of Surface and Plasma Science Abstract: This work concentrates on the analysis of fundamental physicochemical properties of Pt-CeOx, single-atom Pt1 /CeOx, and inverse CeOx/Cu(111) catalysts. Preparation method for stabilized atomically-dispersed Pt2+ ions on ceria was developed and adsorption sites for Pt ions were thoroughly studied using advanced surface science techniques supported by theoretical methods. The mechanism of Pt2+ stabilization on ceria steps was revealed and the step capacity towards Pt2+ ions was estimated. Also, the preparation method for well-ordered cerium oxide ultrathin films with different stoichiometry and ordering of surface oxygen vacancies was developed, and the Ceria/Cu(111) interaction was investigated. Key words: heterogeneous catalysis, model systems, single-atom catalysis, platinum ions, cerium oxide
Kvazispinové modely v kvantové fyzice
No full textNázev práce: Kvazispinové modely v kvantové fyzice Autor: Andrii Zymin Katedra: Ústav částicové a jaderné fyziky Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Mgr. Pavel Stránský, Ph.D., Ústavčásticové a jaderné fyziky Abstrakt: Využití symetrií v kvantové fyzice pomáhá k hlubšímu porozumění fyzikálních systémů a zjednodušuje numerické výpočty. Tato práce studuje modely založené na algebře SU(2), které i přes zdánlivou jednoduchost vykazují velmi bohaté chování a popisují široké spektrum fyzikálních jevů. Jsou shrnuty různé realizace algebry SU(2) (spinová, bosonová, fermionová). Je předložen nejobecnější tvar kvantového hamiltoniánu zkonstruovaného z generátorů SU(2), který zahrnuje všechny jednočásticové a dvoučásticové interakce, a jeho klasická limita. Několik konkrétních přikladů hamiltoniánu je detailně prezentováno numericky. Kličová slova: dynamické symetrie, SU(2) algebra, kvazispin, klasická limitaTitle: Quasispin models in quantum physics Author: Andrii Zymin Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Stránský, Ph.D., Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Abstract: The use of symmetries in quantum physics helps in a deeper understanding of physical systems and simplifies numerical calculations. This thesis studies models based on the SU(2) algebra, which, in spite of their apparent simplicity, show rather rich behavior and describe a wide spectrum of physical phenomena. We review various realizations of the SU(2) algebra (namely the spin, boson, and fermion realization) and present the most general quantum hamiltonian with one- and two-body interactions, constructed from the SU(2) generators. We perform the classical limit of the hamiltonian and show a numerical study of several particular examples. Keywords: dynamical symmetries, Lipkin model, su(2) algebra, quasispinÚstav částicové a jaderné fyzikyInstitute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic
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