2,003 research outputs found
Differential induction of interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha may account for specific patterns of leukocyte recruitment in the brain
No full textIn peripheral tissue, IL-1beta has been shown to induce TNFalpha expression and vice versa, resulting in mixed neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment to the site of injury. This has led to the concept of crosstalk in peripheral cytokine signalling pathways. In the brain parenchyma, however, restricted patterns of leukocyte recruitment following the focal injection of pro-inflammatory agents into the brain are observed. This study investigates the expression of the principal pro_inflammatory cytokines-IL-1beta and TNFalpha-in the brain after IL-1beta, TNFalpha, NMDA or endotoxin injection into the brain parenchyma of rats. Each of these agents gives rise to a distinct pattern of acute leukocyte recruitment at 24 h. We found that IL-1beta induces de novo synthesis of additional IL-1beta but not TNFalpha, as determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, and TNFalpha does not induce either itself or IL-1beta. Injection of NMDA results in IL-1beta, but not TNFalpha up-regulation. Injection of IL-1beta or NMDA is associated with neutrophil recruitment whereas injection of TNFalpha is associated with mononuclear cell recruitment. Following injection of endotoxin, both TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels are elevated and neutrophils and mononuclear cells are recruited to the brain. These data suggest that the signalling pathways that are present in the periphery are modified in the brain and that differential induction of TNFalpha and IL-1beta may have a role in the atypical pattern of leukocyte recruitment observed in the brain
Hepatic CC chemokines control the magnitude of the inflammatory response within the injured rodent brain
No full textHepatic CXC chemokines, behaving as acute phase proteins, regulate neutrophil mobilisation and recruitment following focal IL-1h-mediated inflammation to the rat brain. To determine whether this response was specific to CXC chemokines or whether it represented a more generalised response to acute brain inflammation, we examined brain and liver production of MCP-1, a CC chemokine, when rats were microinjected with TNF-a into the brain. As early as 2h after the TNF-a challenge, MCP-1 mRNA and protein were observed in the liver by Taqman RT-PCR and ELISA. The serum MCP-1 level was also elevated between 2 and 4 h, which was consistent with maximal mobilisation of leukocytes into the blood. Monocyte recruitment was most marked in the liver after 6 h, but was delayed in the brain until 24 h. Elevated hepaticand serum chemokines are implicated in the control of leukocytosis and leukocyte recruitment to the brain and liver, since dexamethasone pretreatment attenuated the hepatic MCP-1 response, modulated leukocyte mobilisation and reduced monocyte entry not only to the brain but also to the liver. Thus hepatic chemokine production controls and amplifies the CNS response to inflammation by controlling the rate, timing, magnitude and composition of leukocyte recruitment to the damaged brain
Review of Historical Events (pg.7)
No full textDr. A.G. Rudovic's description of the history of the Red Army invasions of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania and what occured when the Soviet Union forcebly incorporated masses of innocent people into Soviet GULAGS and Soviet laour camps by means of mass deportatio: as well as the loss of church spiritual leaders and forbidden church services.2.0 Imanta, 2.1.7 Baltic Nations, 2.1.3 Current Latvian Histopry in Europe ( Pre-Post WWII
Central nervous system injury triggers hepatic CC and CXC chemokine expression that is associated with leukocyte mobilization and recruitment to both the central nervous system and the liver
No full textThe administration of interleukin-1ß to the brain induces hepatic CXC chemokine synthesis, which increases neutrophil levels in the blood, liver, and brain. We now show that such hepatic response is not restricted to the CXC chemokines. CCL-2, a CC chemokine, was released by the liver in response to a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- challenge to the brain and boosted monocyte levels. Furthermore, a clinically relevant compression injury to the spinal cord triggered hepatic chemokine expression of both types. After a spinal cord injury, elevated CCL-2 and CXCL-1 mRNA and protein were observed in the liver by TaqMan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as early as 2 to 4 hours. Simultaneously, we observed elevated levels of these chemokines and circulating leukocyte populations in the blood. Leukocytes were recruited to the liver at this early stage, whereas at the site of challenge in the central nervous system, few were observed until 24 hours. Artificial elevation of blood CCL-2 triggered dose-dependent monocyte mobilization in the blood and enhanced monocyte recruitment to the brain after TNF- challenge. Attenuation of hepatic CCL-2 production with corticosteroids resulted in reduced monocyte levels after the TNF- challenge. Thus, combined production of CC and CXC hepatic chemokines appears to amplify the central nervous system response to injury
Moscow doctor A.G. Dreytser – author of "The Notes of an Ambulance physician"
No full textWe have attempted to present the scientific biography of Alexander Grigorievich Dreytser, the author of "The Notes of an Ambulance physician" – a popular documentary work on the life of Moscow and Muscovites during the Great Patriotic War. We have reconstructed the main points of life and activities of A.G. Dreytser and discovered a number of facts in his biography related to his studying at Strasbourg University (1911–1914) and Imperial Moscow University (1915–1917), participation in the First World War and activities in 1918–1941. The analysis of the materials stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, as well as the personal archive of the Dreytser family, allowed us to clarify many points related to Dreytser's life and activities during the time prior to the creation of The Notes. This article is based upon the results of a comparative analysis of the texts of The Notes and A.G. Dreytser's Ph.D. dissertation "The Material on the Question of Sudden Death: According to the Data of Morgues, Moscow City Emergency Stations and the Department of Clinical Examination of the Central Polyclinic of the People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR". This article considers the hypothesis of the unity of the events that took place in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War and were described in the dissertation and The Notes. More complete historical and biographical data on A.G. Dreytser allowed us to prove the documentary nature of The Notes, expand the scope of known facts about the organisation of medicine during the war and clarify some circumstances of the history of Russian medicine as a whole
A modified Rayleigh conjecture for static problems
No full textAbstractA modified Rayleigh conjecture (MRC) in scattering theory was proposed and justified by the author [A.G. Ramm, Modified Rayleigh conjecture and applications, J. Phys. A 35 (2002) L357–L361]. The MRC allows one to develop efficient numerical algorithms for solving boundary-value problems. It gives an error estimate for solutions. In this paper the MRC is formulated and proved for static problems
The influence of steady blowing and roughness on transitional separated boundary layers
No full textThis paper presents the results of a study between two types of forcing, namely steady blowing and a tripwire, on the control of laminar separated boundary layers. The analysis focuses on the differences in the transition process between these two types of forcing. This effect will be studied using direct numerical simulation. The main differences consists in the coherent structures formed during transition and the overall kinetic energy growth
Andries Vierlingh, Tractaet van dyckagie (eds. J. de Hullu en A.G. Verhoeven)
No full textTranscriptie uit 1920 van het manuscript van Andries Vierlingh uit 1579 over het ontwerp en de aanleg van dijken. Zijn werk is hoofdzakelijk uitgevoerd in West Brabant. De publicatie uit 1920 is later heruitgegeven door de VBKO (Vereniging van Waterbouwers)
Aquatic Substrate Library - Fitzroy River Estuary 2003
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: asNeededStatement: This dataset is part of the NSD Aquatic Spectral Library<b>Purpose</b><br/>Application of spectral data to plant physiology studies, geological sciences, soil sciences, limnology, oceanography and atmospheric chemistry, and other research.Record for source data hosted in the National Spectral Database (NSD) Aquatic Library<br/><br/>Citation:<br/>Dekker, A.G., Brando, V.E., Anstee, J.M., Marks, A., Phinn, S., Roelfsema, C. Scarth, P., (2005). Final Report – Fitzroy Estuary and Port Curtis Remote Sensing Tasks (FE2 and PC2). Dekker, A.G. and Phinn, S (eds), Published by the CRC for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia.<br/><br/>For further information and instructions to access the database go to the following URL:<br/>https://cmi.ga.gov.au/data-products/dea/643/australian-national-spectral-databas
Review of Historical Events
No full textA review of historical events regarding the Latvian Nation in Europe and the present day need to honour the Latvian people and maintain pride in their country.1.0 Imanta, 2.1.3 Current Latvian history in Europe ( Pre & Post WW II), 2.1.7 Baltic Nation
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