87,022 research outputs found
Corrigendum to “long-term prognostic role of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. insights from the mecki score database” [int j cardiol. 2020 oct 15; 317: 103–110. pmid: 32360652]
No full textThe authors regret that the Author Dr. Bussotti Maurizio appears with the following affiliation: Unità Operativa Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy. But that was a mistake, the right affiliation of Dr. Bussotti Maurizio is instead: Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Milano, Italy. The authors kindly ask you to correct this affiliation also with all abstracting partners as PubMed. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article:
Kepler's Astronomy: an Interplay between Kinematics and Dynamics
No full textWithin the research that I am developing on the transition from a merely kinematic approach to a dynamical one in the history of astronomy and physics, Kepler plays a notable role. He is mainly known for his three planetary laws. However, Kepler did not only try to determine the kinematics of the solar system, he also developed a theory on the causes of the planetary motions. Kepler's theory of forces is not satisfactory, but his idea to provide a dynamical treatment of astronomy is revolutionary. Thus, I will first briefly analyse Kepler's kinematics, later on his basic dynamical ideas. Finally, I will concisely comment on his conceptions
The challenge of Mediterranean sclerophyllous vegetation under climate change : from acclimation to adaptation
No full textForecasting models for climate change in southern Europe differ from those proposed for central and northern regions mainly with regard to precipitation. In fact, a strong reduction in average rainfall, mainly caused by decrease frequency of rainy events, is believe to occur in the Mediterranean basin in the forthcoming hundred years. Increased frequency of drought events will be paralleled and exacerbated by warming. Differently from areas where plant growth is limited by sub-optimal temperature (i.e. boreal and most temperate forests) and where warming has been reported to increase carbon assimilation and growth, plants growing in the Mediterranean basin are currently near their temperature optimum, and warming may contribute (e.g. with drought) to impair photosynthesis and depress growth and survival. Rising atmospheric CO2 has been found to increase growth, photosynthesis water use efficiency, and may partially alleviate the deleterious effects of warming and drought. However, in areas where severe and prolonged drought episodes occur, severe photoinhibition and metabolic limitation to photosynthesis may prevent Mediterranean sclerophylls to take advantage of higher atmospheric CO2, and may slow down recovery after the end of the dry season. The most sensitive forest types consist in tree species which are, in the Mediterranean basin, at the southernmost limit of their distribution range. In contrast, thermophilous trees are expected to have a greater diffusion both in southern and central Europe, as winter cold stress will be reduced by warming. Yet due to great variability of ecological features, the alleged substitution of tree species can follow a natural pattern from south to north and from low to high altitudes, without considering obstacles deriving from urbanization. For these reasons, research on the performance and ecologic plasticity of different genotypes, on species selection, and on planting and management techniques can have strategic importance for adaptive forest management
Trees in the urban environment : response mechanisms and benefits for the ecosystem should guide plant selection for future plantings
No full textIt is well known that, at present, more than a half of the world population live in the built-up areas (in Europe almost 80%) and the urbanization trend will continue as the population increases and more people will live in large cities. In this scenario arboriculture and urban forestry should have a main role in the effort to manage urbanization and to create livable cities and it is certain that all green areas, starting from the single tree specimens to periurban forests which, in some way, recall the "concept of nature", can fulfil a paramount function in improving life quality and in reaching the minimal threshold for human well-being. What is going to happen next - over 10-15 years - will obviously be of the greatest interest to all people concerned with urban environment. This latter poses some constraints to tree growth and survival: drought, poor soil quality and compaction, pollutants, salinity, pathogens, light heterogeneity, and conflicts with human activities often cause premature plant death or limit plant growth, thus reducing the net benefit by urban green areas. It is therefore important to better understand the dynamics leading to tree decline in the urban environment, and to develop strategies and techniques aimed at improving the horticultural tolerance (i.e. the capacity to provide benefits, not only to survive, under stressful conditions) of urban trees. These include nursery pre-conditioning techniques and post-planting management techniques, but a key role is played by species selection. Hundreds of species are used in the urban environment, but selection criteria are frequently based upon aesthetics and whether the species are native or not, rather than on the tolerance to typical stresses imposed by the built environment and on the capacity to provide substantial benefits therein
Leaf morphology and macronutrients in broadleaved trees in central Italy
No full textAs part of an intensive monitoring programme (MON.I.TO, Intensive Monitoring of Forests in Tuscany), a 3-year survey was carried out, which included three tree species (beech, Fagus sylvatica L.; Turkey oak, Quercus cerris L.; holm-oak, Quercus ilex L.) located at six different sites. Leaves were sampled annually and analysed for nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium) and morphological parameters (leaf area, dry weight, leaf mass per area, leaf thickness and leaf density). Results indicated considerable interannual variation of all the parameters. Differences between sampling sites indicated that, of all parameters measured, leaf mass per area could explain best the differences in field performance under conditions of stress. In fact, leaf mass per area was greater in the drier sites or when sea salt deposition occurred. Nevertheless, the variation of leaf mass per area over the 3 years did not reflect the differences in rainfall. Higher leaf mass per area was accompanied by lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, which could be a dilution effect due to an increase of structural carbon compounds in sclerophyllous leaves, as revealed by the total foliar content of these elements. Leaf mass per area as a measure of sclerophylly reached very high values among mesophile vegetation. Long-range transport of sea salt from coastal areas to mountain areas was mirrored in sodium concentrations of leaves
"Ut Virtus pictura et poesis". Forme della virtù tra Arcadia e Accademia di San Luca (1702-1716)
No full textL’intervento ricostruisce i contatti e le reciproche influenze tra l’Arcadia e l’Accademia romana di San Luca, dal 1702 al
1716, indagando il legame tra la pittura e la poesia nelle forme di espressione della virtù. L’occasione è offerta dai testi poetici
arcadici recitati nelle accademie Clementine, che vedono promotrice e protagonista l’Accademia di San Luca sotto il patrocinio
di Clemente XI. Le sillogi poetiche, che raccolgono i versi di G. Crescimbeni, P. J. Martello, S. Maffei, G. B. Zappi, e
che esaltano la «virtù» e il «merito», permettono di esaminare parte della storia del rapporto tra le due accademie e tra gli
Arcadi e i Quirini a seguito dello scisma del 1711. L’intento è quello di mostrare il modo in cui viene data forma alla virtù
all’interno del quadro variegato e complesso delle reti accademiche e dei sodalizi primo settecenteschi, anche in forza dello
scenario storico-politico e dell’ attenzione attorno alla tragedia maturata negli stessi circuiti a inizio secolo
Design of marine protected areas in a human-dominated seascape
No full textConservation of the Mediterranean marine ecosystems is particularly challenging; high biodiversity is combined with high human population densities and a long history of resource exploitation. Residents and users of coastal areas often perceive marine conservation and management as limiting factors to economic development. Under these conditions, the creation of comprehensive systems of marine protected areas (MPAs) can be problematic. We selected a stretch of coast in southern Italy as a representative example of a Mediterranean coastline and nearshore marine ecosystems, featuring a complex matrix of vulnerable habitats in a landscape fragmented by multiple human activities and associated stressors. Through the use of site-selection algorithms, we investigated how human activities constrain MPA planning. Rather than assuming that patches of the same habitat found at different locations are interchangeable, we considered the scenario of a heterogeneous landscape of human impacts creating high variability in habitat quality. Despite widespread human influence, identification of portions of habitats to be protected from direct human disturbance as core no-take areas is still possible using the inclusion of 10 and 30% of low and high priority habitat, respectively, in reserves as a conservation target. Implementation of MPAs with a limited protection scheme that also include several small no-take areas could represent a feasible strategy for the conservation of Mediterranean coastal marine habitats. Moreover, MPAs could be combined with coastal zoning of activities as a means of further controlling effects over broader areas and allowing for recovery of degraded areas. Site-selection algorithms are invaluable tools for conservation planning. However, careful consideration of the potential constraints imposed by local human activities and future research aimed at filling existing gaps in understanding the ecology are crucial for making this approach useful in marine conservation planning
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