1,721,077 research outputs found
Biomass production, arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil plant-available P under water stress in native perennial grasses
No full textSeveral studies have demonstrated that mycorrhizal associations play vital role in plant nutrition. They greatly increase the efficiency of nutrient and water uptake, enhance resistance to pathogens, and buffer plant species against several environmental stresses and drought resistance. Mycorrhizae also improve plant growth and survival in soils contaminated by heavy metals. This book emphasizes the biotechnological application of mycorrhizae to promote the production of food while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems.Fil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Bolletta, Andrea Ivana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; Argentin
Physiological traits on Osmorhiza depauperata, a biodiversity component in the Nothofagus forests of Southern Patagonia
No full textMost silvicultural prescriptions to stimulate tree natural regeneration mainly open the canopy to modify light availability and soil moisture at the understory level. Both are major factors affecting growth and survival for tree seedlings and understory species. The survival of understory species after wood harvesting depends on the acclimation to the new microclimatic conditions...Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Arena, Miriam Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin
Improvement in conservation value of insect communities in South Patagonian forests managed with variable retention
No full textCompared with higher plants and mammals, conservation of insect diversity was rarely included in ecosystem management planning. This is usually because insects are considered unpleasant and dangerous for human beings. However, insects play unique ecological roles (e.g., pollinators, food chains lower levels, maintenance and improvement of soil quality, and plague control). In addition, loss of insects is rarely appreciated due to their small individual size and usually large populations.Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin
Legume Diversity in the Extra Andean Patagonia
No full textPatagonia is one of the few cold temperate semiarid regions of the world. This territory extends from latitude 40 to 55 ֯ and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Andean piedmont in the west, and occupies nearly 786.000 km2 in the southern portion of Argentina. This area can be divided into three main regions: (1) the Andean Region, wich is coincident with the Southern Andean region. This is characterized by forests, glacier lakes, high valleys, and prairies, where large sheep flocks gather in summer...Fil: Stronati, Monica Susana. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Brevedan, Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin
Plant traits contributing to the performance of native and introduced rangeland grasses in arid Argentina
No full textRangelands from central Argentina characterize by insufficient warm-season, palatable perennial grasses to domestic livestock. Two palatable and water-stress tolerant cultivars ("Magnar" and "Trailhead") of Leymus cinereus were introduced into Argentina with the purpose of increasing the warm-season forage offer. Some mechanisms involved in determining defoliation tolerance and competitive ability, and subsequent dry matter production, were investigated in the study genotypes. Studies were conducted within an exclosure to domestic livestock. Two severe defoliation treatments were applied in 2006/07 and 2007/08. Only Pappophorum vaginatum, the native genotype, produced and dispersed seeds. Natural water stress during the second study year advanced phenology of all three genotypes. This advancement, together with the high production of total, reproductive and daughter tillers in P. vaginatum, even under defoliation, might contribute to explain its greater abundance than the other native, warm-season perennial grasses in rangelands of central, arid Argentina. Although plant survival and forage production were lower (p0.05), but not lower, in the introduced than in the native genotype. Future research is needed to substantially improve plant establishment of L. cinereus, genotype which can be seeded by conventional drilling.Fil: Torres, Yanina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, Oscar Alberto. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Giorgetti, Hugo Dosindo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Gustavo Dionisio. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Ithurrart, Leticia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin
Competitive ability and defoliation tolerance in Stipa clarazii, Stipa tenuis y Stipa ambigua
Full text linkMayores valores de tasas de crecimiento, capacidad de proliferación radical, densidad de longitud de raíces y capacidad de absorción de nutrientes se han asociado con un aumento en la adquisición de nutrientes en las gramíneas perennes, y contribuirían por ello a su capacidad competitiva y tolerancia a la defoliación (Bedunah y Sosbee, 1995).Fil: Saint Pierre, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin
Water stress and temperature effects on germination and early seedling growth of Digitaria eriantha
Full text linkThis study focused on the two major processes critical for plant establishment: Seed germination and seedling survival. We determined the effects of (1) water stress and temperature on the germination, and (2) water stress on early seedling growth of Digitaria eriantha cv ‘Irene’. Seeds harvested in 2007 were used for temperature studies, and those coming from 2006 and 2007 for water stress studies. In 2009, viability decreased by 65.4% from 2006 to 2007. During the first twenty-four hours, germination was more than 50% at constant (30 or 35°C) than alternating (10/30 or 10/35°C) temperatures, although total germination was about 80% for all temperature treatments. Polyethylene glycol 8000 was used to impose water stress conditions. Germination percentages and coefficients of velocity decreased with decreasing water potentials. Early seedling growth was smaller at lower water potentials. D. eriantha cv ‘Irene’ appeared to germinate within a wide range of temperatures, but it varied greatly in germination response to water potentials. Results suggest that this species could be planted in late spring-early summer, when seedbed temperatures are increasing and soil moisture might still be adequate.Fil: Brevedan, Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Fioretti, M. N.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Toribio, M. B.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Baioni, S. S.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Yanina Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Osvaldo Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Giorgetti, H. D.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Bentivegna, Diego Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Entío, J.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Ithurrart, Leticia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, O.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Mujica, M. de las M.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, G.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios. Chacra Experimental de Patagones; ArgentinaFil: Tucat, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentin
Effects of precipitation changes on the dynamics of sparse elm woodland in Northeastern China
Full text linkElm (Ulmus pumila L.) is the dominant tree species in the sparse elm woodland, the original vegetation in the Horqin Sandy Land. The effects of changes in precipitation on U. pumila trees have not been fully studied. We determined a dynamic model by considering the five stages in the U. pumila life cycle, i.e. seed, seedling, and juvenile, mature and over-mature tree stages. The effects of changes in precipitation on population density and age structure were then evaluated. Population density, after averaging all study developmental morphology stages, ranged from 16.67 individuals/m2 to 25.01 individuals/m2 under a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 80% to 120%, respectively. This suggests that population density could increase as MAP also increased. The proportion of seedlings, and juvenile, mature and over-mature trees were 95.23%, 4.58%, 0.19% and 0.01%, respectively, under all precipitation levels. Thisindicates that precipitation had little effects on the developmental stages of the studied U. pumila populations in the Horqin Sandy Land. Additional water supply might be provided in addition to the natural rainfall that occurs in theregion, for contributing to maintain U. pumila population density in the Horqin Sandy Land.Fil: Tang, Yi. Liaoning University. School of Life Science; ChinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentin
Use of the pressure chamber and thermocouple psychrometers to determine the water relations of plant tissues
Full text linkEn este trabajo se discuten las ventajas, desventajas y precauciones en la utilización de la cámara de presión y los psicrómetros a termocupla para medir el potencial hídrico y las presiones, osmótica y de turgencia, de tejidos vegetales. La comparación de los resultados obtenidos con los dos instrumentos puede ser afectada por la técnica utilizada en el muestreo, el grado de consistencia en el muestreo y en el procedimiento de medición, y errores inherentes al método mismo. Las mediciones de potencial hídrico bajo condiciones de campo en las plantas o en el suelo con psicrómetros a termocupla son probablemente inútiles, o aún peor, pueden ser falsas. El uso de los psicrómetros a termocupla está estrictamente limitado a condiciones de laboratorio, donde se puede trabajar bajo condiciones isotérmicas. El método a utilizar para determinar las relaciones hídricas de los tejidos vegetales debe elegirse de acuerdo al material vegetal y al propósito de la investigación.Advantages, disadvantages and precautions of using the pressure chamber and thermocouple psychrometers for determinations of plant water potential, and osmotic and turgor pressures are discussed. Comparison of results obtained with both instruments will be influenced by the sampling technique, consistency in both sampling and measurement procedures, and errors inherent to the method itself. In-situ readings of either plant or soil water potential with thermocouple psychrometers are perhaps worthless, or worse (they may even be misleading). Use of thermocouple psychrometers is strictly limited to the laboratory where isothermal conditions can be obtained. The method to determine the water relations of plant tissues should be chosen according to the plant material and the research objectives.Fil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin
Pigments and photosynthesis of understory grasses: Light irradiance and soil moisture effects
Full text linkPhleum alpinum and Poa pratensis are major forage species that often grow in various environments in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. To investigate how these species acclimate to the different irradiance of the microenvironments where they grow we performed a greenhouse experiment. Both grass species were exposed to three levels of incident irradiance (I4: 4%; I26: 26%, or I64: 64% of ambient sunlight) and two levels of soil moisture content (M30: 30-50% or M60:60-80% of field capacity) under greenhouse conditions. As irradiance levels increased, the contents of chlorophyll per unit surface area and fresh weight basis increased, and the relationships chlorophyll a/b and carotenoids/chlorophyll also increased. Maximum photosynthetic rate and light compensation point increased as light availability also increased. Values for these variables varied with time. However, the relationship of these values between the irradiance treatments was not modified in P. alpinum. Contrarily, temporal changes of those variables determined that the maximum photosynthetic rate was similar to that in March in all treatments in P. pratensis. Results indicated that P. alpinum and P. pratensis were able to acclimate to the various study environments.Fil: Selzer, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin
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