1,720,980 research outputs found
Institutions, Famine and Inequality. Working Paper No. 121, Dipartimento di Economia Università Roma Tre, 2010
No full textTo Be or Not to Be a Member of a Primary Co-operative in Brazil: Any Difference in Household Decision-Making and Gender Equality?
No full textThe paper investigates the effect of co-operative membership on people's capability to participate in household decision-making and on domestic gender relations. Our hypothesis is that the democratisation process activated in genuine co-operatives, authentic member-owned forms of business, may then be transferred to the household. We tested this in the "Coppalj" co-operative in Brazil, where we collected primary data. Both the techniques employed, regression and propensity score matching, support our hypotheses in a number of life domains. Though results vary slightly according to the domain and the outcome indicator, they show that members of the co-operative have a statistically significant higher capability to participate in decision-making and to share their decisions with partners than non-members (the control group). We then triangulated these quantitative outcomes with qualitative ones: the latter confirm an improvement in gender relations between co-operators and their partners, highlighting the fundamental role of Coppalj in fostering gender equality. © 2014 Oxford Department of International Development
Reducing Children’s Food Insecurity through Primary Education for Rural Mothers: The case of Mozambique
No full textA Human Development and Capability Approach to Food Security: Conceptual Framework and Informational Basis
No full textThis paper has a twofold objective: (a) to make a comprehensive review of different approaches to food security;
(b) to develop a human development and capability approach to
food security following the pioneering works of Amartya Sen and
Jean Dréze. To our best knowledge, no paper has yet provided a
systematic survey of the major approaches to food security.
Starting from the analysis of food production, we highlight the
value added provided by the capability approach and the human
development paradigm. Then, we propose a methodology of
analysis of food security through this approach, entailing three
basic steps: (1) analysis of food entitlements; (2) analysis of basic
nutritional capabilities; (3) analysis of the capability to be food
secure. This way, it is possible to move beyond income-,
entitlement-, or livelihoods-related frameworks, and to identify
the root causes of food insecurity: food insecurity can be the
result of lack of education, health or other basic capabilities that
constitute people’s wellbeing. Therefore, it allows to situate the
study within the broader topic of wellbeing, agency and freedom.
Finally, we briefly discuss the role of food security for human
development
Education for Rural People and Food Security: A Cross-Country Analysis
No full textFood insecurity is at the heart of the international movement to overcome hunger and poverty. The first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sets as its target the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, with a target of halving the incidence of poverty and hunger by 2015. This research contributes to that process, by analysing the connections among rural poverty, hunger and education for rural people. The paper focuses on rural people, because they are among those groups suffering the most from extreme hunger. Using household-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 48 low-income countries, the study examines through visual and statistical means the co-variation between hunger and lack of education. The study finds that hunger is highly correlated with educational deprivation. Moreover, the correlations are highest at the primary level, decreasing in strength with higher levels of education. In coherence with the Capability Approach, which stresses education’s active role in developing people’s capabilities, these results suggest that to fight food insecurity, governments, international organizations and civil society should invest more in the education sector, especially primary education for rural people. Greater investment in quality primary education is likely to make substantive progress possible towards achievement of MDGs 1
and 3, 2.1 Our results suggest, for example, that if a low-income country such as Mali, among those with the lowest levels of education, could double access to primary education by rural people, it could substantially reduce rural food insecurity, by around 25 percent. Given the concentration of population and poverty in rural areas in most low-income countries, education for rural people can be seen as a key factor for promoting overall national food security. Increasing educational participation will require substantially greater investments of resources and a mobilization of political will at international, national, and local levels. This paper aims at raising awareness primarily among policy makers outside education of the central role of education in fighting hunger and poverty
Which Dimensions Should Matter for Capabilities? A Constitutional Approach
No full textMultidimensional theories of well-being are locked into a debate about value judgment. They seek to settle which dimensions should matter for measurement and policy, and, more importantly, on what grounds to decide what should matter. Moreover, there is a gulf between theory and practice, given that measurement and policy are rarely rooted in a coherent ethical framework. Our paper engages in the debate concerning the legitimate grounds for selecting dimensions. Combining Amartya Sen's capability approach and John Rawls’ method of political constructivism, we explore whether the constitution and its public culture can be used as an ethically sound informational base for selecting dimensions, and if so, why. We apply this ‘constitutional approach’ to the Italian case with the aim of deriving a set of publicly justifiable dimensions of well-being. It is a long-standing Constitution with broad public consultation at its base, which still enjoys a wide consensus. We seek to show why there is a need for more ethically sound methodological approaches to measuring well-being, pointing out the advantages of the constitutional approach, and how it may enrich the work of practitioners engaged in the policies of well-being
Axillary block of the brachial plexus and peripheral paresthesia: a technique to refuse at the outset? Clinical experience]. FT Il blocco del Plesso Brachiale per via ascellare e ricerca delle parestesie periferiche: una tecnica da rifiutare in partenza? Esperienza clinica.
No full textThe axillary brachial plexus blockade by means of stimulating paresthesia and single local anesthetic injection was examined during one year long routine activity in a plastic surgery division. Two-hundred-five blocks were performed evaluating the success percentage, the execution mean time, a sedation utility and the sequelae incidence. The technique was confirmed usefull, easy to perform, well tolerated from the patients. The technique validity, versus the suspiciousness considered by several Authors, is confirmed
[TPS vs propofol in electroshock therapy: neuroendocrine changes]. FT TPS vs propofol in ESK-terapia: variazioni neuroendocrine.
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