103,945 research outputs found
Driving into the sunset: Supporting cognitive functioning in older drivers
No full textCopyright @ 2011 Mark S. Young and David Bunce - This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.The rise in the aging driver population presents society with a significant challenge-how to maintain safety and mobility on the roads. On the one hand, older drivers pose a higher risk of an at-fault accident on a mile-for-mile basis; on the other hand, independent mobility is a significant marker of quality of life in aging. In this paper, we review the respective literatures on cognitive neuropsychology and ergonomics to suggest a previously unexplored synergy between these two fields. We argue that this conceptual overlap can form the basis for future solutions to what has been called "the older driver problem." Such solutions could be found in a range of emerging driver assistance technologies offered by vehicle manufacturers, which have the potential to compensate for the specific cognitive decrements associated with aging that are related to driving.Support was received from the Leverhulme Trust, UK
Pioneer personal history, Robert G. Bryant
No full textTypescript of answers by Robert G. Bryant for a questionnaire filled out for Utah Works Progress Administration\u27s "Pioneer personal history" survey. He was born in Kentucky in 1863, and worked his way west, as a miner and in other jobs, from 1876 to 1896 when he arrived in Moab. He recounted experiences from various parts of the West, including an incident involving Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce tribe, and a train robbery in Grand County in 1900. Typed by Winford Bunce of Moab in 193
Protecting the Bunce legacy: lessons learned from safeguarding long-term ecological survey datasets in Great Britain
No full textRescued data helps to strengthen ecological understanding of biodiversity change. This paper presents experience from safeguarding long-term strategic ecological surveys established by the late Professor Robert Bunce and colleagues in the 1970s: the Great Britain Countryside Surveys, and various related and complementary surveys in the period 1969 to the mid-1990s, including woodland surveys, and regional surveys for Cumbria and Shetland. These surveys are valuable data sources - especially considering national and global ecological restoration targets to address the biodiversity crisis - providing evidence to explore and understand ecological changes in the British countryside over time. For these kinds of data to be useful, usable and used, it is essential they are accessible and well managed, but many important ecological data sets are at risk of loss. A decade of work to protect the Bunce surveys has resulted in a structured five-step approach that can benefit other data rescue and safeguarding initiatives as well as scientists planning new ecological monitoring projects. The steps involve identifying available resources, processing datasets, assembling metadata, producing outputs and publishing. Valuable lessons learnt in the process include: (1) the growing appreciation and relevance of historic ecological data; (2) the importance of adequate resourcing and recognition of data rescue activity; (3) the value of engaging with the originators; (4) the need to identify and understand potential users and uses of the data. The Bunce legacy of strategic ecological surveys in the UK is now protected and the data available for repeat survey and further analysis
The relative dependence of Spanish landscape pattern on environmental and geographical variables over time
No full textThe analysis of the dependence of landscape patterns on environment was carried out in order to investigate the landscape structure evolution of Spain. The underlying concept was that the dependence between landscape spatial structure and environmental factors could be gradually decreasing over time. Land cover data were recorded from aerial photo interpretation of 206 4 x 4 km(2) samples from three different years: 1956, 1984 and 1998. Geographical variables were taken into consideration together with the purely environmental ones. General Linear Models of repeated measures were then used to segregate environmental from geographical effects on the pattern of the land cover patches of the samples. Aridity, lithology and topography were the environmental factors used to analyse structural indices of landscape. Landscape composition has a higher dependence on environment than configuration. Environmental variables showed higher correlations with landscape composition and configuration than geographical variables. Ail-long them, overall the climatic aridity and topography significantly accounted for more variation than did lithology. There was a high degree of stability in land cover composition over time, with some significant exceptions. Nevertheless, the registered increase of fragmentation over time has demonstrated that configuration measures are needed to fully assess landscape change
Reconnection in a rotation-dominated magnetosphere and its relation to Saturn's auroral dynamics
No full textpeer reviewed[1] The first extended series of observations of Saturn's auroral emissions, undertaken by the Hubble Space Telescope in January 2004 in conjunction with measurements of the upstream solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) by the Cassini spacecraft, have revealed a strong auroral response to the interplanetary medium. Following the arrival of the forward shock of a corotating interaction region compression, bright auroras were first observed to expand significantly poleward in the dawn sector such that the area of the polar cap was much reduced, following which the auroral morphology evolved into a spiral structure around the pole. We propose that these auroral effects are produced by compression- induced reconnection of a significant fraction of the open flux present in Saturn's open tail lobes, as has also been observed to occur at Earth, followed by subcorotation of the newly closed flux tubes in the outer magnetosphere region due to the action of the ionospheric torque. We show that the combined action of reconnection and rotation naturally gives rise to spiral structures on newly opened and newly closed field lines, the latter being in the same sense as observed in the auroral images. The magnetospheric corollary of the dynamic scenario outlined here is that corotating interaction region- induced magnetospheric compressions and tail collapses should be accompanied by hot plasma injection into the outer magnetosphere, first in the midnight and dawn sector, and second at increasing local times via noon and dusk. We discuss how this scenario leads to a strong correlation of auroral and related disturbances at Saturn with the dynamic pressure of the solar wind, rather than to a correlation with the northsouth component of the IMF as observed at Earth, even though the underlying physics is similar, related to the transport of magnetic flux to and from the tail in the Dungey cycle
Signature of Saturn's auroral cusp: Simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope FUV observations and upstream solar wind monitoring
No full textpeer reviewedModel simulations by Bunce et al. (2005a) have shown that direct precipitation of electrons in Saturn's dayside cusp regions is not capable of producing significant FUV aurora. Instead, they suggested the possibility that the FUV bright emissions sometimes observed near noon are associated with reconnection occurring at the dayside magnetopause, possibly pulsed, analogous to flux transfer events seen at the Earth. Pulsed reconnection at the low-latitude dayside magnetopause when the IMF is directed northward (antiparallel to Saturn's magnetic field lines) is expected to give rise to pulsed twin-vortical flows in the magnetosphere and hence to bipolar field-aligned currents centered in the vortical flows closing in ionospheric Pedersen current. In the case of southward IMF and high-latitude lobe reconnection the model predicts that the vortical flows are displaced poleward of the open-closed field line boundary with reversed field-aligned currents compared with the former case. During January 2004, a unique campaign took place during which magnetic field and plasma instruments on board the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft measured the in situ solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field while the Hubble Space Telescope simultaneously observed the far ultraviolet aurora in Saturn's southern hemisphere. The IMF was highly structured during this interval. The electric potential at Cassini is estimated from solar wind magnetic field and velocity measurements for the case of low-latitude or lobe reconnection. We show that a dayside FUV signature of intense electron precipitation is found poleward of or along the main oval during a period of minor compression period when the dayside reconnection voltage is estimated to be ~30-100 kV. Overall, we find that the conceptual model of Bunce et al. (2005a) provides a good estimate of the UV brightness and power for the case of northward IMF but somewhat underestimates the power for the southward IMF case, except if the speed of the vortical flow is larger than its value in the nominal model
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2D3D2D: a diagnostic approach to textile and fashion research practice
No full textIn the School of Art and Design, at Nottingham Trent University, a range of research methods and practices have developed through PhD and post doctoral study in relation to printed textile design and new technology. Individual research projects have addressed pattern (Bunce 1993); photographic imagery (Briggs 1997); colour (Leak 2001); non-repeating pattern (Carlisle 2003) and 2D/3D (Townsend 2003). Post-doctoral research (Briggs-Goode & Bunce 2001) and Townsend's research into 2D/3D informed a group project and exhibition Transforming Shape (2004). The outcomes created by Gillian Bunce, Amanda Briggs-Goode, Gillian Bunce, Rosemary Goulding and Katherine Townsend explored the relationships between innovative surface imagery and three-dimensional prototypes, based on the simple geometric forms of square, rectangle and circle
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