3,909 research outputs found
Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes
No full textSim, Kathrin A., Buddle, Christopher M., Wheeler, Terry A. (2014): Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 3884 (2): 169-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.
FIGURE 2 in Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes
No full textFIGURE 2. Box plots (heavy line = median; box = quartiles; dashed line = range) of genitalic characters of Nearctic Pardosa lapponica and P. concinna. The mean size of all characters is significantly larger in P. concinna (grey boxes), but the size range overlaps between the two species. l.—length; M.—median; w.—width.Published as part of Sim, Kathrin A., Buddle, Christopher M. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2014, Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 169-178 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/495160
FIGURE 2 in Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes
No full textFIGURE 2. Box plots (heavy line = median; box = quartiles; dashed line = range) of genitalic characters of Nearctic Pardosa lapponica and P. concinna. The mean size of all characters is significantly larger in P. concinna (grey boxes), but the size range overlaps between the two species. l.—length; M.—median; w.—width.Published as part of Sim, Kathrin A., Buddle, Christopher M. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2014, Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 169-178 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/495160
FIGURE 3 in Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes
No full textFIGURE 3. Variation within the epigynes of female Pardosa lapponica and P. concinna specimens: a) P. lapponica specimen from Dempster Hwy, hood low and short septal ridge; b) P. lapponica from Dempster Hwy, hood low and septal pocket irregular; c) P. lapponica from Churchill, hood malformed and septal ridge completely exposed; d) P. concinna from North Battleford, hood high and septal pocket smooth; e) P. concinna from Yellowknife, hood malformed with exposed septal ridge; and f) P. lapponica from Churchill, straight and curved spermathecae. White arrows indicate the hood. The black arrows indicate the septal pockets. The dashed arrows indicate the copulatory tubes, curved in d) and straight in e).Published as part of Sim, Kathrin A., Buddle, Christopher M. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2014, Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 169-178 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/495160
FIGURE 4 in Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes
No full textFIGURE 4. Apical division of the male pedipalp: a) Pardosa concinna from Yellowknife; b) P. concinna from Yellowknife; and c) P. lapponica from Dempster Hwy. The white arrow indicates the position of the protrusion on the palea, present in a) and absent in b) and c). Black arrows indicate the conductor, protruding past the lower limit of the terminal apophysis in c). The conserved shape of the embolus can be seen in b) and c). Inter-specific variation in the terminal apophysis can be seen between a), b) and c).Published as part of Sim, Kathrin A., Buddle, Christopher M. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2014, Species boundaries of Pardosa concinna and P. lapponica (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the northern Nearctic: morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 169-178 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/495160
Book Review: Grimwood, M and McHanwell, S. (2024) Evidencing Teaching Achievements in Higher Education. Critical Publishing.
No full textBook Review: Grimwood, M and McHanwell, S. (2024) Evidencing Teaching Achievements in Higher Education. Critical Publishing.
Christopher Little
Manchester Metropolitan University
Corresponding author: [email protected]
A Mixed-Method Approach for Quantifying Illegal Fishing and Its Impact on an Endangered Fish Species
No full textIllegal harvest is recognized as a widespread problem in natural resource management. The use of multiple methods for quantifying illegal harvest has been widely recommended yet infrequently applied. We used a mixed-method approach to evaluate the extent, charac- ter, and motivations of illegal gillnet fishing in Lake Hovsgol National Park, Mongolia and its impact on the lake’s fish populations, especially that of the endangered endemic Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens). Surveys for derelict fishing gear indicate that gillnet fishing is widespread and increasing and that fishers generally use 3–4 cm mesh gillnet. Interviews with resident herders and park rangers suggest that many residents fish for subsistence during the spring grayling spawning migration and that some residents fish commercially year-round. Interviewed herders and rangers generally agree that fish population sizes are decreasing but are divided on the causes and solutions. Biological monitoring indicates that the gillnet mesh sizes used by fishers efficiently target Hovsgol grayling. Of the five species sampled in the monitoring program, only burbot (Lota lota) showed a significant decrease in population abundance from 2009–2013. However, grayling, burbot, and roach (Rutilus ruti- lus) all showed significant declines in average body size, suggesting a negative fishing impact. Data-poor stock assessment methods suggest that the fishing effort equivalent to each resident family fishing 50-m of gillnet 11–15 nights per year would be sufficient to over- exploit the grayling population. Results from the derelict fishing gear survey and interviews suggest that this level of effort is not implausible. Overall, we demonstrate the ability for a mixed-method approach to effectively describe an illegal fishery and suggest that these methods be used to assess illegal fishing and its impacts in other protected areas.Peer reviewe
Teacher formative assessment: the missing link in response to intervention
No full textResponse to Intervention (RtI) focuses on the assessment, intervention, and progress monitoring of student academic performance and social behavior. Despite requiring highly-qualified personnel for successful implementation, the implementation of Rtl has not focused on applying its foundational principles towards promoting teacher effectiveness through assessment, intervention, and progress monitoring of teacher classroom practice. Compounding this problem is the lack of availability of reliable and valid teacher assessments to apply in an Rtl model for teacher professional development. This chapter provides a rationale for applying RtI principles to teacher professional development and how teacher formative assessment can improve educator effectiveness, student learning, and social behaviors. The Classroom Strategies Scale (CSS, Reddy & Dudek, 2014), a new multidimensional assessment of instructional and behavioral management practices is discussed as an example of one promising tool for promoting teachers professional development within an Rtl model. We offer a synthesis of the theory, research, and evidence of reliability and validity of the CSS. The application of teacher formative assessment in job-embedded professional development/coaching models for schools is discussed. Finally, implications for practice and research are outlined.Peer reviewe
The effects of harvesting and decaying logs on oribatid (acari: oribatida) mite assemblages in eastern Canadian mixedwood boreal forest
No full textEcosystem-based management (e.g. partial cut harvesting) retains some components of natural forest structure such as downed woody material (DWM) and may have less impact than clear cutting on forest floor fauna. I tested how partial cut harvesting affects oribatid mite assemblages and explored the spatial influence of decomposing logs on oribatids on the forest floor at the sylviculture et aménagement forestiers écosystémique (SAFE) research station in Abitibi, Québec. The importance of determining the extraction duration of the specific apparatus used in biodiversity studies was also demonstrated. In June 2006, litter and soil were sampled in mixedwood boreal forest where the following treatments were replicated three times: clear cut harvest, 1/3 partial cut harvest, 2/3 partial cut harvest, controlled burn (after harvest) and uncut control. As well, six decayed logs were sampled at three distances each: directly on top of the log (ON), directly beside the log (ADJ) and at least one metre away from the log and any other fallen wood (AWAY). Samples ON logs consisted of a litter layer sample, an upper wood sample and an inner wood sample. Samples at the ADJ and AWAY distances consisted of litter samples and soil cores. Eight years after harvest, clear cutting appears to have had a homogenizing effect on oribatid species composition, and partial cuts had more similar species composition to the uncut control within their respective blocks. In litter, diversity decreased with increasing harvesting intensity but in soil it increased. In the burn, species richness was significantly different from the other treatments, and there was some change in species-specific abundance. The highest species richness was collected ON logs, and logs harboured a distinct oribatid species composition compared to the forest floor. There were species-specific changes in relative abundance with increasing distance away from DWM, and each layer (litter, wood and soil) exhibited a uniquL'aménagement écosystémique (e.g. coupe partielle) permet de conserver certains éléments structuraux tel les débris ligneux grossiers et pourrait avoir pour effet de minimiser l'impact de la récolte sur la pédofaune. J'ai évalué l'effet de la coupe partielle et l'influence spatiale du bois mort au sol sur les assemblages d'oribates (Acarina) dans le dispositif expérimental SAFE (sylviculture et aménagement forestier écosystémique) en Abitibi, Québec. L'importance de déterminer la période d'extraction appropriée selon l'équipement utilisé a aussi été démontrée. Des échantillons de sol et de litière ont été récoltés en juin 2006 en forêt boréale mixte où les traitements suivants ont été répliqués trois fois: coupe totale, rétention de 33% des tiges, rétention de 66% des tiges, brûlage dirigé après coupe et peuplement témoin. Aussi, des échantillons ont été prélevés à trois distances de six troncs en décomposition: sur le tronc (ON), immédiatement à côté (ADJ) et à une distance minimale de 1 m de tout débris ligneux (AWAY). Les échantillons ON étaient formés d'un échantillon de litière, d'un échantillon de bois superficiel et d'un échantillon de bois d'intérieur. Les échantillons ADJ et AWAY étaient formés d'échantillons de litière et de sol. Huit ans après la récolte, la coupe totale semble avoir homogénéisé la composition spécifique des assemblages d'oribates, alors que celles trouvées dans les traitements de coupe partielle restent plus semblables aux témoins. Dans la litière, la diversité diminue avec une plus haute intensité de récolte alors que l'inverse est vrai pour le sol. Suite au brûlage dirigé, la richesse spécifique est différente des autres traitements, et certains changements ont été observés au niveau de l'abondance de certaines espèces. La plus haute richesse spécifique a été observée dans les échantillons ON, et ces troncs abritaient un composition spéci
Community structure of an assemblage of Northern flies (Diptera) among varying spatial scales
No full textThis thesis explores the ecological and evolutionary dynamics shaping northern Canadian Diptera assemblages. Despite their significance in Arctic ecosystems, research on northern flies is limited due to taxonomic challenges. Molecular tools, such as the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) universal animal barcode fragment and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), provide a solution for studying fly community structure. Real Diptera BIN datasets were used in this thesis to explore fly community assembly. Understanding why groups of species are found at one location but not another requires consideration of their physiological requirements/limitations, dynamics with other species and abiotic environment, and evolutionary history. These processes act as successive sieves at the regional and local scale: evolutionary and biogeographic processes create the species pool; dispersal and physiological tolerances decide species presence; biotic and abiotic interactions operate at individual and species levels. Two popular metrics used to measure “community assembly” are the standard effect size of mean nearest taxon distance (ses.MNTD) and mean pairwise distance (ses.MPD), which compare local samples to the regional species pool. The first study assesses the reliability of calculating ses.MNTD and ses.MPD while subsampling a Diptera dataset from Churchill, Manitoba. Results suggest high sample percentages are necessary for accurate calculations, with optimal subsampling strategies depending on goals. The second study had a continental focus and investigates muscid fly ecology and phylogenetic structure across ecoclimatic zones in the Canadian North using 15,675 Muscidae individuals across 207 BINs. Unique patterns in assemblage composition and evolutionary structure were revealed, highlighting the influence of environmental factors on regional species pools. The third study had a local focus and examined the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of brachyceran Diptera in Churchill, Manitoba. 1,066 Brachycera individuals were collected, and 910 were successfully barcoded and grouped into 146 BINs. Distinct assemblages were found in boreal forest and tundra habitats and larger species were favored in the tundra, suggesting habitat-specific trait selection. Overall, this thesis highlights the complex interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes in shaping fly assemblages in the Canadian North, which is crucial knowledge for informing conservation and ecosystem management strategies in the face of climate change
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