1,354,064 research outputs found
Fatty acids and idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis
No full textClinical and experimental investigations seem to underline the important role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria, a well-known risk factor for lithogenesis. To evaluate the relationships between the previously reported increase in plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid level and the factors responsible for calcium metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, a best-fit model was constructed. This new statistical application shows a causal relationship between plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid content, intestinal calcium absorption, biochemical markers of bone turnover, urinary calcium excretion and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. This model suggests that a defect in the phospholipid fatty acid composition could represent the primary event responsible for the mosaic of metabolic and clinical alterations that are distinctive features of renal stone formers, such as kidney, intestine, and bone calcium metabolism, and several forms of idiopathic hypercalciuria
Genetic approach to the study of cellular ion transport anomalies in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.
No full textGenetic approach to the study of cellular ion transport anomalies in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis
No full textDietary fatty acid supplementation modulates the urinary excretion of calcium and oxalate in the rat. Insight into calcium lithogenesis
No full textAn anomalous plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid composition has been reported in calcium nephrolithiasis, and was proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria, well-known risk factors for lithogenesis. Methods: To confirm this hypothesis, we administered rats three different diets rich in coconut, soybean and fish oils, and evaluated their effect on plasma urinary calcium and oxalate excretion, since the quality of fatty acids represents an important factor able to influence the activity of delta-6-desaturase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of highly unsaturated fatty acids. Results: In comparison with coconut and fish oil, dietary supplementation with soybean oil increased plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid and serum 1,25-vitamin D-3 values, as well as renal tissue calcium content and urinary excretion of sodium, oxalate and calcium. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the quality of fatty acids may modify the urine excretion of calcium and oxalate, confirming our previous hypothesis of a pathogenetic link between cellular membrane phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and calcium nephrolithiasis. In addition, our study provides new in-sights into the relationship between dietary, environmental factors and renal stone diseas
Renal involvement in subjects with peripheral atherosclerosis.
No full textBACKGROUND: Ischemic nephropathy is an important cause of renal failure in western countries. Subclinical renal function abnormalities may exist in patients with extrarenal atherosclerosis, and may precede the onset of overt ischemic nephropathy.
METHODS: To assess the impact of extrarenal atherosclerosis on the kidney, we evaluated renal function in 89 subjects with differing degrees of peripheral atherosclerosis, without manifest clinical or laboratory signs of ischemic nephropathy and renovascular hypertension. All laboratory testing, ultrasonography with Doppler analysis for the localization of peripheral vascular disease (carotid and lower limb arteries), and non-invasive evaluation of renal function by radionuclide studies of renal plasma flow (MAG3 clearance) and glomerular filtration (DTPA clearance), as well as total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined; smoking habit was recorded. By combining sonographic data on arterial tree stenosis (ATS), the subjects were grouped according to the atherosclerotic vascular damage (ATS involvement).
RESULTS: Despite no change in plasma creatinine and DTPA clearance (from 91.58+/-26.53 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 93.47+/-24.82), MAG3 clearance progressively declined with the severity of vascular damage (from 244.86+/-60.60 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 173.59+/-58.74). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that MAG3 clearance was best explained by ATS involvement (standardized beta coefficient -0.40; p<0.001), smoking habit (-0.34; p= 0.004), and serum LDL-cholesterol (-0.24; p<0.035).
CONCLUSIONS: The renal hemodynamic profile in atherosclerotic patients might constitute functional evidence of the silent phase of ischemic renal disease. The findings suggest that renal function should be carefully assessed in patients with extrarenal atherosclerosis, particularly in those with classic cardiovascular risk factors
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