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Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses to increasing concentrations of trivalent chromium in the Andean crop species Chenopodium quinoa Willd
Get PDFQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), an ancient Andean seed crop, exhibits exceptional nutritional
properties and resistance to abiotic stress. The species' tolerance to heavy metals has, however, not yet
been investigated nor its ability to take up and translocate chromium (Cr). This study aimed to investigate
the metabolic adjustments occurring upon exposure of quinoa to several concentrations (0.01–
5 mM) of CrCl3. Young hydroponically grown plants were used to evaluate Cr uptake, growth, oxidative
stress, and other biochemical parameters three and/or seven days after treatment. Leaves accumulated
the lowest amounts of Cr, while roots and stems accumulated the most at low and at high metal concentrations,
respectively. Fresh weight and photosynthetic pigments were reduced only by the higher Cr
(III) doses. Substantially increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and proline levels were observed
only with 5 mM Cr(III). Except for a significant decrease at day 7 with 5 mM Cr(III), total polyphenols
and flavonoids maintained control levels in Cr(III)-treated plants, whereas antioxidant activity
increased in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum polyamine accumulation was observed in 1 mM
CrCl3-treated plants. Even though α- and γ-tocopherols also showed enhanced levels only with the 1 mM
concentration, tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT, EC 2.6.1.5) activity increased under Cr(III) treatment in a
dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, results suggest that polyamines, tocopherols, and
TAT activity could contribute to tolerance to 1 mM Cr(III), but not to the highest concentration that,
instead, generated oxidative stress
Cocomerina pear: an old and rare fruit with red pulp. Analysis of phenolic content and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity.
Get PDFThe study evaluated the phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity (1,1-diphenyl-
2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, and 5ʹ-lipoxygenase assay, respectively), and oxygen radical absorbance
capacity (ORAC), in Cocomerina pear, an old and rare variety of Pyrus communis. There are two
cultivars of this pear that ripen in August and October, both of which are nowadays cultivated only
in a small area of central Italy. Significant differences in polyphenolic content were observed
between these cultivars, with a 30–40% increase in the late ripening cultivar relative to the early
ripening one. Anthocyanin concentration was also strongly affected by the period and stage of
maturation. In particular, it was 126-fold higher in fruits that ripen in October as compared to those
that ripen in August. Ripe fruits of the late cultivar also exhibited higher antioxidant and antiinflammatory
activities. These findings suggest that this ancient pear variety should be recovered
and considered in the framework of biodiversity conservation
Total polyphenol content, in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activities of callus cultures from Inula crithmoides L.
No full textEssential oil composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Grindelia robusta from central Italy
No full textThe chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Grindelia robusta aerial parts from central Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 45 components were identified. Borneol (15.2%), α pinene (10.3%), trans-pinocarveol (7.0%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), limonene (4.3%) were the main components. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH and 5 lipoxygenase tests
Antioxidant activity of crude extracts from Rubus ulmifolius callus cultures and in vitro micropropagated plantlets
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