153 research outputs found
Abstract 5074: Elevated serum free light chains and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the subtype follicular lymphoma in a prospective cohort study
No full textAbstract
Background: Serum free light chains (FLC) are plausible biomarkers associated with risks of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or its subtypes.
Methods: We investigated the relationship between free light chains and the risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with a particular focus on two major subtypes - diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) using samples from the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Kappa and lambda free light chains were analyzed in 292 incident NHL cases [including 62 DLBCL, 45 FL and 122 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) cases] and 292 controls individually-matched to cases on age, sex, race, study center, and date of baseline blood draw. Conditional logistic regression was performed to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Impact of follow-up time from blood collection to case diagnosis was evaluated by stratifying on 1-4 and 5-10 years of follow-up in cases and the matched controls.
Results: Elevated kappa and/or lambda FLC above the upper limit of normal (ULN) were found to be significantly associated with risks of overall NHL [OR(95% CI): 1.74(1.04-2.90)]. Further analysis on risk of NHL by FLC divided into quartiles based on the distribution in controls showed a stronger dose-response relationship with lambda FLC (ptrend=0.034, adjusted for kappa FLC) than kappa FLC (ptrend=0.15, adjusted for lambda FLC). Lambda FLC also showed a stronger relationship with risk of NHL in 5-10 follow-up years [OR(95% CI): 3.11(1.26-7.66) and 3.58(1.36-9.40) for the second highest and the highest vs. lowest quartile, respectively, ptrend=0.0097, adjusted for kappa FLC] in contrast to 1-4 years (ptrend=0.95, adjusted for kappa FLC). Though the clinical definition of abnormal level did not show an association with FL, likely due to small numbers, there was a strong dose-response relationship between quartiles of lambda FLC and risk of FL [OR(95% CI) for highest vs. lowest quartile: 14.51(2.58-81.54), ptrend=0.0054]. No significant associations were observed between FLC and DLBCL. We also found that elevated kappa FLC was associated with CLL/SLL [OR(95% CI) for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.92(0.85-4.35), ptrend=0.019], consistent with findings from a previous report from this study.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that immune activation precedes development of clinically apparent FL.
Citation Format: Wei Hu, Ola Landgren, Bryan Bassig, Mark Purdue, Eric Engels, Qing Lan, Nathaniel Rothman. Elevated serum free light chains and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the subtype follicular lymphoma in a prospective cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5074. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-507
Home kitchen ventilation, cooking fuels, and lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort of never smoking women in Shanghai, China
No full textExamining Progress Toward Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities for Healthy People 2020 Objectives Using Three Measures of Overall Disparity
No full textThis report examines changes in health disparities over time by race and ethnicity for HP2020 objectives using three measures of disparity
Examining Progress Toward Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities for Healthy People 2020 Objectives Using Three Measures of Overall Disparity
No full textThis report examines changes in health disparities over time by race and ethnicity for HP2020 objectives using three measures of disparity
Alterations in leukocyte telomere length in workers occupationally exposed to Benzene
No full textExposure to benzene, a known leukemogen and probable lymphomagen, has been demonstrated to result in oxidative stress, which has previously been associated with altered telomere length (TL). TL specifically has been associated with several health outcomes in epidemiologic studies, including cancer risk, and has been demonstrated to be altered following exposure to a variety of chemical agents. To evaluate the association between benzene exposure and TL, we measured TL by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR in 43 workers exposed to high levels of benzene and 43 age and sex-matched unexposed workers in Shanghai, China. Benzene exposure levels were monitored using organic vapor passive dosimetry badges before phlebotomy. The median benzene exposure level in exposed workers was 31 ppm. The mean TL in controls, workers exposed to levels of benzene below the median (≤31 ppm), and above the median (>31 ppm) was 1.26±0.17, 1.25±0.16, and 1.37±0.23, respectively. Mean TL was significantly elevated in workers exposed to >31 ppm of benzene compared with controls (P=0.03). Our findings provide evidence that high levels of occupational benzene exposure are associated with TL
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Healthy belting for the classically trained singer
No full textThis treatise explores the history of belting, the differences in types of belting, belting registers, exploring a methodology of healthy, and stylistically correct belt. The ability to sing musical theatre style has become high in demand from both Broadway and Opera companies. About more than half of Young Artist Programs, pay to sings, and apprenticeships put on at least one musical theater show a season. Those on the audition panel now ask in the audition requirements for at least one musical theatre piece to perform for them. Having the knowledge of how to properly belt will help the performer have more opportunities than other singers who only know how to sing bel canto style.
This treatise will include a new methodology that will address a belting technique through the lens of a classically trained singer and how to transfer elements from bel canto technique into a belting technique. The questions that will be addressed in this treatise are as follows: 1. What quality and stylistic elements does belting require? 2. What is the difference between the contemporary commercial music methodology (CCM) and musical theatre methodology on belting? 3. Why is it important to learn how to belt as a classical singer? The author will answer these questions by providing information from sources of both professional teachers in the classical singer industry as well as professional teachers in the musical theater industry. Proper vocal exercises with detailed instructions are also provided to help the classically trained singer navigate their voice in belting.
The relevance of this topic is very strong right now, this is a need that people are trying to educate themselves by watching Youtube tutorials, reading inaccurate literature on belting, and trying to do it on their own with no proper knowledge on the subject. If belting improperly, a singer is susceptible to injuring their voice. It is time to break the myths and cautions on belting and make it known that there is a healthy and stylistically appropriate way to belt.Musi
Sleep Duration across the Adult Lifecourse and Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study in Xuanwei, China
No full textSufficient sleep duration is crucial for maintaining normal physiological function and has been linked to cancer risk; however, its contribution to lung cancer mortality is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between average sleep duration in various age-periods across the adult lifecourse, and risk of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei, China. An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted in 42,422 farmers from Xuanwei, China. Participants or their surrogates were interviewed in 1992 to assess average sleep hours in the age periods of 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, and ≥71 years, which were categorized as ≤7, 8 (reference), 9, and ≥10 hours/day. Vital status was followed until 2011. Sex-specific Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer mortality in 1994-2011, adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, medical, and household characteristics. J-shaped relationships were found between average sleep duration and lung cancer mortality. The patterns were consistent across sex, age periods, and fuel usage. Compared with sleeping 8 hours/day on average, ≤7 hours/day was associated with significantly increased HRs ranging from 1.39 to 1.58 in ages ≥41 years in men, and 1.29 to 2.47 in ages ≥51 years in women. Furthermore, sleeping ≥10 hours/day was associated with significantly increased HRs ranging from 2.44 to 3.27 in ages ≥41 year in men, and 1.31 to 2.45 in ages ≤60 years in women. Greater and less than 8 hours/day of sleep in various age-periods may be associated with elevated risk of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei, China. Cancer Prev Res; 10(6); 327-35. ©2017 AACR
Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality and years of life lost in Nanjing, China
No full textThe deteriorating air quality in Chinese cities is attracting growing public concern. We conducted analyses to quantify the associations between daily changes in ambient air pollution and mortality in Nanjing, China. Daily mortality, air pollution, and meteorological data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 were collected. Over-dispersed Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the risk of daily non-accidental mortality and years of life lost (YLL) from exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM10) and gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2). Stratified analysis was conducted to indentify the modifying effect of individual-level factors on the association between air pollutants and mortality. We found that interquartile range (IQR) increases in the two-day average of PM10, NO2 and SO2 were significantly associated with 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI):0.7%-2.6%], 2.9% (95% CI: 1.7%-4.2%) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.2%-3.6%) higher rates of non-accidental mortality; and related to YLL increases of 20.5 (95% CI: 6.3-34.8), 34.9 (95% CI: 16.9-52.9) and 30.3 (95% CI: 12.2-48.4) years, respectively; Associations between air pollution and mortality were more pronounced in the warm season than in the cool season. We conclude that the risks of mortality and YLL were elevated corresponding to an increase in current ambient concentrations of the air pollutants, and season may modify the effects of outdoor air pollution in Nanjing
Abstract 5315: Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women: a hospital-based case-control study in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China
No full textAbstract
Xuanwei and Fuyuan are rural counties in China that have the highest lung cancer rates in the country among non-smoking women. This alarming public health burden has been attributed to the combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal for heating and cooking, which can produce carcinogenic emissions such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Previous studies found that green leafy vegetables could absorb PAHs through air and direct soil contamination. Further, oral ingestion of PAHs was found be to associated with pulmonary adenoma development in animal feeding studies. Therefore, we investigated the associations between lung cancer risk and dietary intake of specific green leafy vegetables and other foods in non-smoking women of this farming region.
We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 1,074 female lung cancer patients and 977 frequency-matched controls from Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China in 2006-2013. Dietary intake was self-reported on questionnaires and categorized as never, several times/year, several times/month, several times/week, and every day. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lung cancer in relation to intake of specific green leafy vegetables (i.e. lettuce, cabbage, fennel, spinach, hollow vegetables), corn, buckwheat, carrots, tomatoes, dried and fresh chili, pickled vegetables, bean curd, mushrooms, and preserved meats. Models were adjusted for age, county, first-degree relative with lung cancer, passive smoke exposure, education, lifetime smoky coal tonnage, respiratory disease history, time spent indoors, and menopausal status. Separate models were fitted for each dietary factor.
We found that increased consumption of several green leafy vegetables was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Eating hollow vegetables every day was associated with 2.50 (95% CI: 1.18, 5.27) times the odds of lung cancer compared to never. Similarly, eating lettuce (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.21) and cabbage (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.69) every day was associated with increased risks compared to several times a year or less. Conversely, eating bean curd (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.72) several times a week was associated with decreased risk compared to several times a year or less; while eating buckwheat (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.89) several times a week was associated with decreased risk compared to never. No significant associations were found for fennel, spinach, and other foods.
Our findings suggest that increased consumption of a variety of green leafy vegetables may be related to elevated lung cancer risk in non-smoking women from Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China, independent of other risk factors. The increased risk may be due to environmental contamination of crops from coal combustion. Conversely, frequent consumption of bean curd and buckwheat was found to be protective.
Citation Format: Jason Y. Wong, Bryan A. Bassig, Wei Hu, Jinming Zhang, Wei Jie Seow, Neil E. Caporaso, Bu-tian Ji, Robert S. Chapman, George S. Downward, Jihua Li, Jun He, Kaiyun Yang, Yunchao Huang, Roel Vermeulen, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan. Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women: a hospital-based case-control study in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5315</jats:p
Abstract 2297: Household stove improvement and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: a cohort study
No full textAbstract
Background: In Xuanwei County, China, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rates are over twice the national average. Patients with COPD have higher risks of both lung cancer and poor treatment outcomes after lung cancer diagnosis. In a prior retrospective cohort study (1976-1992), household stove improvement was found to be associated with decreased COPD incidence among lifetime smoky (bituminous) coal users. However, whether the protective effects persist over time is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the associations between risk of COPD, and vented and portable stove use with extended follow-up (1976-2011).
Methods: The study population comprised 22,833 residents who were born between 1917 and 1951 and lived in Xuanwei as of January 1, 1976. Participants were followed retrospectively from 1976 to 1992, and then followed prospectively through 2011. We conducted two surveys in 1992 and 2011. During each survey, we collected comprehensive information on household stove type, fuel use, family size and number of rooms in each residence during the lifetime, smoking, education, age started cooking food and time spent indoor from each subject. Participants were also asked to report any medically diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema, age and place of diagnosis, which we combined into a single category of COPD. COPD cases diagnosed before January 1, 1976 were excluded. Sex-specific time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of stove improvement for COPD incidence among lifetime smoky coal users.
Results: The analysis was restricted to lifetime smoky coal users. A significant reduction in COPD incidence was found after change to vented stoves (Men’s model: HR=0.66, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.59-0.75; Women’s model: HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.55-0.72) and portable stoves (Men’s model: HR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88; Women’s model: HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74). There was a downward trend of COPD incidence over time after change to vented stove or portable stove (p-trend&lt;0.01). Similar findings were noted in both men and women.
Conclusion: Consistent with prior research, our findings suggest that household stove improvement was associated with a substantially decreased risk of COPD, a strong risk factor for lung cancer. Domestic smoky coal use and unvented coal combustion are important risk factors for COPD. Our findings support the need for replacing smoky coal with less carcinogenic fuels in areas where domestic coal use is common for cooking and heating, especially in the developing countries.
Citation Format: Jinming Zhang, Bryan A. Bassig, Roel Vermeulen, Wei Jie Seow, Jason Y.Y. Wong, Wei Hu, Bofu Ning, George S. Downward, Hormuzd A. Katki, Bu-Tian Ji, Nathaniel Rothman, Robert S. Chapman, Qing Lan. Household stove improvement and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: a cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2297. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2297</jats:p
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