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Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region
No full textBruno Rossaro, Carlotta Casalegno (2001): Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 7: 1-2
FIGURE 1 in Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region
No full textFIGURE 1. Ventral view (sternite) on the left, dorsal view (tergite) on the right. 1.1: O. marchettii: tergite III with anterior, median, posterior and apical point fields; 1.2: O. pedestris: tergite III with anterior, median, posterior and apical point fieldsPublished as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius dentifer Brundin 1947
No full textOrthocladius dentifer Brundin, 1947 Orthocladius dentifer Brundin, 1947: 21 Orthocladius sp. indet. oblidens sensu Langton, 1984: 154, nec Walker, 1856 (Langton, pers. comm.) Orthocladius Pe 4 Langton, 1991: 186 (Langton, pers. comm.) DESCRIPTION: See Langton (1984, 1991) and Langton & Cranston (1991). COMMENTS. Langton (1984) described this species as if it was the pupal exuviae of O. oblidens Walker, but Langton himself (1991) denied it, naming it Orthocladius Pe 4. Cranston & Langton (1991) keyed this species near to O. rubicundus, because of the presence of well separated point fields on abdominal tergites. Now (Langton, pers. comm.) it is known as the pupa of O. dentifer.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius glabripennis Goetghebuer 1921
No full textOrthocladius glabripennis Goetghebuer, 1921 O. glabripennis Goetghebuer, 1921 O. atripluma Kieffer, 1923 (Langton & Cranston 1991) O. mitisi Goetghebuer, 1938 (Langton & Cranston 1991) Orthocladius Pe 5 Langton, 1984 (Langton 1991: 188; Langton & Cranston 1991) DESCRIPTION. Similar to O. marchettii, except for light colour of all abdominal segments. Median points band not well separated from the posterior band and of similar size and shape. Apical setae on anal lobes straight, anal lobes always without (never with reduced or colourless) apical taeniate extensions of cuticle. COMMENTS. The species can be separated from O. marchettii thanks to the colour of abdomen, its area of distribution (CENTRAL EUROPE, BELGIUM, GREAT BRITAIN, HUNGARY) and its ecology (O. glabripennis is restricted to lentic waters, O. marchetti lives in running waters). O. glabripennis never has any apical extension of cuticle on anal lobes; specimens with small and colourless taeniate extensions of cuticle (Cranston & Langton 1991) should belong to other species (O. ticinoi for example).Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius ruffoi Rossaro & Prato 1991
No full textOrthocladius ruffoi Rossaro & Prato, 1991 Orthocladius ruffoi Rossaro & Prato, 1991 Rheorthocladius sp. A Thienemann, 1944 (Rossaro & Prato 1991) Orthocladius Pe 1, Langton, 1984: 149 (Rossaro & Prato 1991) DESCRIPTION. See Thienemann (1944: 598), Langton & Cranston (1991, Fig. 1 e, 2 b, 4 a) and Rossaro & Prato (1991, Fig. 2, 3). Thoracic horn 250350 m long. Pedes spurii B absent. Tergites with median points always well separated from posterior ones on TIIVI, sometimes continuous laterally on T IIIV. T IIIII with lateral points well reduced in size with respect to median ones. Very long dorsal and ventral setae on segments VIIVIII. Abdominal segment VII with 3 and segment VIII with 5 strong lateral setae. Pedes spurii A present on S IVVI. Taeniate extensions of cuticle present on anal lobes, in addition anal lobes with a lateral fringe of thin, short setae. Anal macrosetae not hooked at tip, 275340 m long, anal lobes 300375 m long and 400480 m wide. COMMENTS. The pupal exuviae was described by Thienemann (1944, p. 598) and labelled Rheorthocladius sp. A, and by Langton (1984, p. 149) and labelled Orthocladius (s. str.) Pe 1. MATERIAL EXAMINED: ITALY: PIEMONTE: Acqualba stream, 7 / 7 / 1976, 2 Pex. LOMBARDIA: Lambro river, Asso; 27 / 12 / 1977,1 male pupa; a creek, tributary of Oglio river near Vezza, 5 / 8 / 1979, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Po river, Caorso (PC), 19 / 5 / 1981, 1 Pex. MARCHE: Potenza river, Castel Raimondo, 8 / 4 / 1986, 1 Pex. LAZIO: Velino river, 11 / 3 / 1990, 1 Pex. ABRUZZO: Sangro river, PNA, st. 4 (Pescasseroli), (SS 84 Km 41), 21 / 5 / 1978, 1 Pex; PNA, st. 13 (Profluo, prato Piano), 21 / 5 / 1978, 1 Pex; PNA, st. 14 (Scontrone), 11 / 11 / 1988, 1 Pex; Vera spring, 12 / 3 / 1988, 1 Pex; 3 / 5 / 1989,1 Pex; 3 / 6 / 1989,1 Pex.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius pedestris Kieffer 1909
No full textOrthocladius pedestris Kieffer, 1909 O. pedestris Kieffer, 1909 O. tubicola Kieffer, 1909 (Langton & Cranston 1991, a questionable synonym) Orthocladius Pe 10 Langton, 1984: 158 (Langton 1991: 191; Langton & Cranston 1991) O. rhyacobius Kieffer, 1911 sensu Langton, 1984: 158 (Langton & Cranston 1991) DESCRIPTION. See Potthast (1915: 271272), Langton & Cranston (1991, Fig. 1 c, 2 c, 4 c). Frontal warts often greatly developed, frontal setae present on small cephalic tubercles. Thorax heavily rough. Thoracic horn 360450 m long, with strong spines and clearly bent at apex. Apical part of abdominal segments with large brown blotches on sternites and on tergites extended laterally to apical points (Fig. 1.2), “Die Intersegmentalstreifen sind mit dunklen, runden Flecken betupft (Fig. 26). Dieses etwa mosaikartige Aussehen ist besonders auffallend an den ventralen und den spitzenfreien dorsalen Streifen” (Potthast 1915: 272). Fields of points very extended on T IIVI, well beyond the anterolateral adhesion marks, grading in size from posterior and central to anterior and lateral areas. S IVII with "Gruppenshagreen". Abdominal segment VIII with five strong lateral setae. Anal lobes with 2 or more taeniate extensions of cuticle, with the shape of brown and sturdy chitinised spurs, often fused at base; one or more lighter extensions also often present, simulating a small fringe of lateral setae. Anal macrosetae 160210 m long, hooked at tip, anal lobes 300360 m long, 375430 m wide. COMMENTS. The examination of type material (a female pupal exuviae) deposited at the Zoologische Staatssammlung (München) showed that O. pedestris is identical with specimens collected in Italy in northern Apennines and it is quite different from specimens collected in other European rivers (Loira, Garonna, Ticino, Brembo etc.) which were (erroneously) assigned to pedestris. These specimens belong to O. obumbratus or to O. ticinoi. O. pedestris can be easily separated from O. obumbratus because of the presence of large brown blotches on the apical part of abdominal segments IIIVI. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype, GERMANY Westfalia, ZSM (Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerische State, München). ITALY: EMILIA ROMAGNA: Tributary of Taro river, Bedonia, 15 / 5 / 2001, 12 Pex; Case Nicola, 24 / 4 / 2001, 1 Pex; Taro river, Borgo val di Taro, 3 / 5 / 2000, 2 Pex; Reno river, P.te della Venturina, 4 / 4 / 1987, 4 Pex.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius ticinoi Rossaro & Prato 1991
No full textOrthocladius ticinoi Rossaro & Prato, 1991 O. ticinoi Rossaro & Prato, 1991 Orthocladius Pe 7 Langton, 1984: 155 (Langton 1991: 190 a tentative synonym) nec O. glabripennis Goetghebuer, 1921, sensu Rossaro 1991 DESCRIPTION. See Rossaro & Prato (1991, Fig. 17, 18). Colour pale transparent. Frontal warts not developed. Thoracic horn slender at apex, 240420 m long, with points less developed than in O. obumbratus. Thorax moderately rough. Pedes spurii B developed. On T II only posterior point field present. TIII with posterior points not extended laterally beyond apical points. Points on TIIIVI limited to a central trapezoidal area; there is a sudden drop in point size to anterolateral points. Posterior points on TIIIVI and apical points on TIIIV more developed than the anterior ones, onT IV VI anterior points more developed than the median ones. SIIIV with more or less extended fields of very small grouped points. Pedes spurii A present on S IVVII. Lateral setae: 1 on segment I, 3 on segments IIVI, 4 on segment VII and 5 on segment VIII. Anal lobes with small colourless apical taeniate extensions of cuticle, at most 30 m long, with the shape of small colourless teeth (Fig. 2.3), laterally in addition very small apical extensions may be present. Anal macrosetae 225265 m long, anal lobes 325420 m long, 350490 m wide. COMMENTS. The species can be easily separated from O. obumbratus, in which well sclerotized extensions of cuticle at the tips of anal lobes, resembling spurs, are observed. Rossaro (1991) synonymized O. ticinoi with O. glabripennis (= Orthocladius Pe 5), because of the presence of small and colourless teeth (Langton & Cranston 1991), but apical taeniate extensions of cuticle apparently are always absent in O. glabripennis and there is no variation within the species in this respect, O. glabripennis is a lentic species, O. ticinoi is restricted to running waters besides this. The conclusion is that specimens with small colourless apical taeniate extensions of cuticle do not belong to O. glabripennis, but to O. ticinoi, which is a separated species. According to Langton (1991) description, O. ticinoi be identical with Orthocladius Pe 7 Langton 1984: 155. MATERIAL EXAMINED: FRANCE: GARONNE river, 10 / 3 / 1997, 1 Pex. ITALY: LOMBARDIA: Brembo river, 26 / 2 / 2001, 1 Pex; Serio river, Ricengo, 18 / 2 / 2001, 1 Pex; 23 / 3 / 2000, 1 Pex; Ticino river, Oleggio, 16 / 2 / 1995, 1 Pex; Boffalora, 11 / 1 / 1981, 1 Pex, 25 / 1 / 1981, 1 Pex, 1 / 5 / 1981, 1 Pex, 11 / 2 / 1993, 1 Pex; Castelletto, 14 / 2 / 2001, 9 Pex; 5 / 3 / 2001, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Po river, Caorso, 12 / 4 / 1977, 1 Pex; 13 / 12 / 1983, 1 Pex; Chiavenna stream, tributary of Po river, 10 / 4 / 1979, 1 Pex. ABRUZZO: Aterno river, Coppito, 28 / 2 / 1992, 1 Pex.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius frigidus
No full text<p> <i>Orthocladius frigidus</i> (Zetterstedt, 1838)</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. Thienemann (1944: 597), Soponis (1977) and Langton <i>&</i> Cranston (1991, Fig. 1 g, 4g) gave descriptions of this species. Well marked anterior and lateral dark band on abdominal segments. Posterior segments darker. Thorax wrinkled, not rough. Thoracic horn very long and slender, about ten times long as large, with the basal part chitinised and the distal part transparent, easily damaged in collected specimens. Pedes spurii B present on segment <i>II</i>, but not well developed. Points of T <i>II</i> reduced to a well developed posterior field, median field absent or present. Posterior field of points stronger than anterior and median fields on T <i>III­VI</i> <i>,</i> where only a narrow anterior and lateral field is generally free of points. Points on apical fields strong on T <i>III­V</i>. In some specimens points are very extended on T <i>II ­III</i>. Points present on S <i>II­III­VI­VII­VIII</i>, particularly extended on <i>SVII</i> <i>.</i> Pedes spurii A on S <i>IV­VI</i>. Anal lobes convex externally, narrow in the distal part, without taeniate extensions of cuticle at tips. Three lateral setae on segments <i>II­VII</i>, four­five on segment <i>VIII</i>. Anal macrosetae 195­220 m long, anal lobes 320­440 m long and 375­ 500 m wide.</p> <p>REMARKS. There are specimens with more extended points, especially on T <i>II­III</i>. These specimens appear quite similar to <i>O. vaillanti</i>, but lack the fringe of setae on anal lobes.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED: <b>ITALY</b>: PIEMONTE: Acqualba stream, 5 / 1976, 1 male pupa. LOMBARDIA: Varese lake, Gallavesa stream, 12 / 11 / 1977, 1 male pupa; Lambro river, 10 / 2 / 1977, 1 Pex; 16 / 11 / 1977, 1 Pex; 22 / 12 / 1995, 1 Pex; Oglio river, 4 / 1978, 1 male/Pex/Lex; 25 / 3 / 1978, 1 Pex; 16 / 8 / 1978, 1 Pex; 24 / 8 / 1978, 1 male pupa /Lex; Passo dello Stelvio, 14 / 8 / 1977, 1 Pex. TRENTINO: Ortles glacier, 14 / 8 / 1977, 1 Pex; Coredo lake, 7 / 7 / 1996, 1 male pupa; spring near Sella pass, Dolomiti, 6 / 8 / 1988, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Bidente stream, 27 / 3 / 1979, 1 Pex; a creek near Cisa pass, 6 / 3 / 1981, 1 female /Pex. MARCHE: Aso stream, 17 / 4 / 1980, 1 Pex. ABRUZZO: Parco Nazionale Abruzzo (PNA), 20 / 5 / 1978, 1 male pupa; Vera spring, 24 / 3 / 1988, 1 female /Pex/Lex.</p>Published as part of <i>Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7</i> on page 5, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4618447">10.5281/zenodo.4618447</a>
Orthocladius rubicundus
No full textOrthocladius rubicundus (Meigen, 1818) O. rubicundus (Meigen, 1818) O. saxicola Kieffer, 1911 (Langton & Cranston 1991) Orthocladius curtiseta Saether, 1973 (Langton & Cranston 1991) DESCRIPTION. See Thienemann (1944: 598, sub saxicola), Langton & Cranston (1991, Fig. 2 d, 4 i). Thoracic horn 250280 m long. Pedes spurii B very developed. Median point band of T IIIVI generally transverse, that is well separated from posterior band, sometimes joined to it laterally or medially, but usually distinct. Armament of tergites very variable, e.g. TIII usually has a narrow irregular transverse median band, but occasionally the points cover all the tergite except for bare anterior and posteromedian areas. TIIV normally with a posterolateral patch of rings (=granules) extending the hook row of TII and the apical bands of TIIIVI to the tergite margin. Ventrally on caudal margin of SIVII (rarely reduced to SIIIII), another patch of granules is present, well developed on S IIIVI, in dark individuals within a brownblack coloured transverse band. Granulation may be complete on SIV across the sternite, or medially broken. In some specimens granules are very reduced to a small ventral, lateral field. Pedes spurii A present on S IVVI ("bei saxicola auf VII VIII fehlend", Potthast, 1915: 268, sub saxicola). Apical taeniate extensions of cuticle resemble broken setae “die wie abgebrochene Borsten aussehen“ (Thienemann 1944: 598). Anal macrosetae 140190 m long, anal lobes 260320 m long, 315350 m wide. MATERIAL EXAMINATED: ITALY: PIEMONTE: Acqualba stream, 15 / 5 / 1976, 1 Pex; Po river, Trino Vercellese, 9 / 5 / 1968, 1 Pex; Agogna river, Novara, 31 / 3 / 1987, 1 Pex; Briga e Gozzano, 12 / 6 / 1993, 1 Pex; Pallanza, 15 / 11 / 1978, 1 Pex, spring near Cameri, Novara, 10 / 4 / 1995, LOMBARDIA: Po river, Pieve Porto Morone, 3 / 5 / 1980, 1 Pex; Varese lake, Cassinetta, 14 / 5 / 1996, 1 Pex; Pioverna stream, 19 / 2 / 1976, 1 Pex; Gallavesa stream, 12 / 8 / 1976, 1 Pex; Brembo river, 23 / 5 / 1980, 2 Pex; 23 / 4 / 2000, 1 Pex, 12 / 6 / 2000, 1 Pex; Serio river, Ricengo, 24 / 5 / 1999, 1 Pex; 28 / 6 / 1999, 1 Pex, 27 / 9 / 1999, 1 Pex, 23 / 1 / 2000, 1 Pex, 18 / 2 / 2000, 1 Pex, 23 / 3 / 2000, 1 Pex; 1 Pex; Lambro river, Asso, 27 / 12 / 1977, 1 Pex;, 28 / 6 / 1978, 1 Pex; p.te Lambro, 12 / 10 / 1995, 1 Pex; 9 / 11 / 1995, 1 Pex; Ticino river, Oleggio, 2 / 2 / 1995, 1 Pex; 16 / 2 / 1995, 1 Pex; Boffalora, 11 / 11 / 1978,1 Pex, 21 / 11 / 1978, 1 Pex, 1 / 4 / 1979, 1 Pex, 11 / 1 / 1981, 1 Pex, 29 / 3 / 1985, 1 Pex, 1 / 5 / 1985, 1 Pex, 11 / 2 / 1993, 1 Pex, 4 / 3 / 1993, 1 Pex; Turbigo, 14 / 1 / 1978, 1 Pex; 14 / 1 / 1979, 1 Pex; Chiese river, 14 / 4 / 1994, 1 Pex; Noce river, Stavel, 11 / 9 / 1990, 1 Pex; Bacchiglione river, 11 / 7 / 1977, 1 Pex. LIGURIA: Danè stream, Savona, 25 / 11 / 1998, 1 Pex; Trexenda stream, Savona, 19 / 9 / 1998, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Po river, Corso (PC), 10 / 3 / 1975,1 Pex, 18 / 1 / 1976, 1 Pex, 6 / 2 / 1976, 1 Pex, 9 / 2 / 1976, 1 Pex, 27 / 3 / 1976, 1 Pex; Nure stream, 29 / 2 / 1980, 1 Pex; Tributary of Taro river, Bedonia, 15 / 5 / 2001, 1 Pex; Bidente stream, 27 / 3 / 1979, 1 Pex. MARCHE: Potenza river, S. Severino, 8 / 3 / 1986, 1 Pex; Aso stream, 28 / 3 / 1979, 1 Pex. ABRUZZO: Sangro river, Pescasseroli, 21 / 5 / 1978, 1 Pex; Scontrone, 1 / 11 / 1987,1 Pex, 11 / 11 / 1988, 1 Pex. LAZIO: Mignone stream, 26 / 2 / 1981, 1 Pex.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
Orthocladius van der Wulp 1874
No full textSubgenus Orthocladius van der Wulp, 1874. DESCRIPTION OF PUPAL EXUVIAE. Colour variable from transparent to dark, with tones from yellowgold to brownblack. Pigmentation is often differently distributed on abdominal segments. There is some variation within species, but in some case different pigmentation has taxonomic value. Frontal setae on frontal apotome on small cephalic tubercles; frontal warts (Saether 1980; Langton 1991) present, more developed in O. pedestris Kieffer, 1909, but less developed in O. rubicundus (Meigen, 1818). Thoracic horn elongated, usually with small points, length varying from 200 to 500 m, very long, slender and unarmed in O. frigidus (Zetterstedt, 1838) and in O. vaillanti Langton & Cranston, 1991 (Caldwell 1998), enlarged in the middle in O. wetterensis, more or less rounded or pointed to apex in other species. Often the thoracic horn appears to be bent at apex, but this shape does not always have taxonomic value because it can be influenced by mounting position. In some species (e.g. O. pedestris) it appears clearly bent in all the examined specimens. Posterior rows of hooks always present on T II, relative width of hooks area with differences in species, narrower in O. oblidens (Walker 1856) than in O. obumbratus Johannsen, 1905. Adhesion (=muscle) marks present on tergites: 2 oblique marks are in the posteromedian area and 25 less visible marks in the anterolateral area. Five dorsal setae (D IV) are present on tergites, three ventral setae (S IIII) on sternites. TIIV with very small points forming an area (=point patch), which may be divided into an anterior, median, posterior and apical field, continuous with (O. obumbratus) or well separated from (O. rubicundus) each other. T VI with only an anterior, median and posterior field, but T VIIVIII without point fields. The fields of points are more or less developed and extended laterally, and often very small points may be observed extending to the anterolateral corner of abdominal tergites, beyond the adhesion marks. Point patches are present also on sternites (especially S IIIII); the points often joined into groups of 23 ("Gruppenshagreen"). The small points on the anterolateral corner of tergites are variable in extension. Attention must be given to distinguish them from similar points on sternites in specimens mounted in dorsoventral position. The number of anterolateral adhesion marks and the position of seta D I have low taxonomic value because they are variable characters. The different size of anterior, median, posterior and apical field of points on tergites is emphasised as an easily observable character without substantial variation within species, and thus is a good candidate to be used in taxonomic keys and useful for separating many species. Usually very small blotches are present at the base of apical points on tergites, but in only one species (O. pedestris) are there large brown blotches extending laterally to the apical point area of tergites and posteromedially on sternites. Pedes spurii B present on segment II (absent in O. ruffoi and reduced in O. frigidus). Pedes spurii A present on S IV VII, but reduced on S VII in some species. Five (occasionally four) lateral setae are present on abdominal segment VIII, with variation within species, very well developed in some species (e.g. O. ruffoi Rossaro & Prato 1991), sometime the anterior and/or the posterior one bifid, with variation within species. Anal lobes with 3 anal macrosetae, usually strongly hooked at tip, but straight in O. ruffoi, straight or gently curved in O. dentifer Brundin, 1947. Tips of anal lobes with or without taeniate extensions of the cuticle; when present they have different consistence and have taxonomic value; they can vary from very small, colourless light extensions (O. ticinoi), to broken setae (O. rubicundus), teeth (Langton & Cranston 1991), spiniferous processes (Saether et al. 2000) or well sclerotised chitinous spurs (Soponis 1977) (O. obumbratus, O. pedestris). Additional small taeniate extensions, sometime appearing as a weak fringe of short setae, may be present (obumbratus, pedestris): a well developed fringe of setae or hairlike teeth (Langton & Cranston 1991) is present only in O. vaillanti, a less developed one in O. ruffoi. ALR varying around 1; the ratio between the length of anal macrosetae and anal lobes has taxonomic value.Published as part of Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno, 2001, Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 7 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.461844
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