11 research outputs found
Mineralogía del prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, Catamarca, Argentina
No full textGimeno Torrente D., Carrazana Di Lucia A., Bruna Novillo J., Fernandez–Turiel J. L. Mineralogía del prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, Catamarca, Argentina. Macla, ISSN 2659-9864, 2011, 15, 99-100.[ES] El objeto de este trabajo es la definición por vez primera de las asociaciones minerales (menas productivas y paragénesis de alteración hidrotermal) del llamado Prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, de cara a la realización de una primera valoración de su interés; este trabajo se ha realizado tanto mediante mapeo y muestreo superficial como tras el estudio (mineralógico y geoquímica) de unos 2800 m de sondeos realizados a testigo continuo.Empresa Minera Alumbrera Ltd.Peer reviewe
Mineralogía del Prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, Catamarca, Argentina
No full textEl objeto de este trabajo es la definición por vez primera de las asociaciones minerales (menas productivas y paragénesis de alteración hidrotermal)del llamado Prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, de cara a la realización de una primera valoración de su interés; este trabajo se ha realizado tanto mediante mapeo y muestreo superficial como tras el estudio (mineralógico y geoquímica)de unos 2800 m de sondeos realizados a testigo contínuo
Mineralogía del Prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, Catamarca, Argentina
No full textEl objeto de este trabajo es la definición por vez primera de las asociaciones minerales (menas productivas y paragénesis de alteración hidrotermal)del llamado Prospecto Bajo Agua Tapada, de cara a la realización de una primera valoración de su interés; este trabajo se ha realizado tanto mediante mapeo y muestreo superficial como tras el estudio (mineralógico y geoquímica)de unos 2800 m de sondeos realizados a testigo contínuo
Where Should I Submit My Work for Publication? An Asymmetrical Classification Model to Optimize Choice
No full text[EN] Choosing a journal to publish a work is a task that involves many variables. Usually, the authors' experience allows them to classify journals into categories, according to their suitability and the characteristics of the article. However, there are certain aspects in the choice that are probabilistic in nature, whose modelling may provide some help. Suppose an author has to choose a journal from a preference list to publish an article. The researcher is interested in publishing the paper in a journal with a rank number less than or equal to k. For this purpose, a simple classification model is presented in order to choose the best journal from the list, from which some fundamental consequences can be deduced and simple rules derived. For example, if the list contains 100 journals and is ordered using 2-year impact factor, the rule "send to the journal at the k - 10 position" is adequate.Ferrer Sapena, A.; Calabuig, JM.; García-Raffi, LM.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2020). Where Should I Submit My Work for Publication? An Asymmetrical Classification Model to Optimize Choice. Journal of Classification. 37:490-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-019-09331-7S49050837Althouse, B.M., West, J.D., Bergstrom, C.T., Bergstrom, T. (2009). Differences in impact factor across fields and over time. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 60(1), 27–34.Black, S. (2012). How much do core journals change over a decade? Library Resources and Technical Services, 56, 80–93.Bradshaw, C.J., & Brook, B.W. (2016). How to rank journals. PloS One, 11 (3), e0149852.Ferrer-Sapena, A., Diaz-Novillo, S., Sánchez-Pérez, E.A. (2017). Measuring time-dynamics and time-stability of Journal Rankings in Mathematics and Physics by Means of Fractional p-Variations. Publications, 5(3), 21.Ferrer-Sapena, A., Sánchez-Pérez, E.A., González, L.M., Peset, F., Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2015). Mathematical properties of weighted impact factors based on measures of prestige of the citing journals. Scientometrics, 105(3), 2089–2108.Ferrer-Sapena, A., Sánchez-Pérez, E.A., González, L.M., Peset, F., Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2016). The impact factor as a measuring tool of the prestige of the journals in research assessment in mathematics. Research Evaluation, 25(3), 306–314.Gastel, B., & Day, R.A. (2016). How to write and publish a scientific paper. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.Gibbs, A. (2016). Improving publication: advice for busy higher education academics. International Journal for Academic Development, 21(3), 255–258.Grabisch, M.M., Marichal, J.L., Mesiar, R., Pap, E. (2009). Aggregation functions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Haghdoost, A., Zare, M., Bazrafshan, A. (2014). How variable are the journal impact measures?. Online Information Review, 38, 723–737.Hol, E.M. (2013). Empirical studies on volatility in international stock markets. Berlin: Springer.Kelly, J.L. Jr. (2011). A new interpretation of information rate. Manuscript. Reprinted in: The Kelly capital growth investment criterion: theory and practice (pp. 25–34).Klement, E.P., Mesiar, R., Pap, E. (2000). Triangular norms. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Klement, E.P., Mesiar, R., Pap, E. (2001). Uniform approximation of associative copulas by strict and non-strict copulas. Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 45 (4), 1393–1400.Lawrence, P.A. (2003). The politics of publication. Nature, 422(6929), 259–261.Lu, J., Wu, D., Mao, M., Wang, W., Zhang, G. (2015). Recommender system application developments: a survey. Decision Support Systems, 74, 12–32.Mansilla, R., Köppen, E., Cocho, G., Miramontes, P. (2007). On the behavior of journal impact factor rank-order distribution. Journal of Informetrics, 1, 155–160.Murtagh, F., Orlov, M., Mirkin, B. (2018). Qualitative judgement of research impact: Domain taxonomy as a fundamental framework for judgement of the quality of research. Journal of Classification, 35, 5–28.Neff, B.D., & Olden, J.D. (2010). Not so fast: inflation in impact factors contributes to apparent improvements in journal quality. BioScience, 60(6), 455–459.Nelsen, R.B. (1999). An introduction to copulas. New York: Springer.Pajić, D. (2015). On the stability of citation-based journal rankings. Journal of Informetric, 9, 990–1006.Shannon, C.E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379–423. Reprinted in: ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 5(1)(2001), 3-55.Xu, H., Martin, E., Mahidadia, A. (2014). Contents and time sensitive document ranking of scientific literature. Journal of Informetrics, 8, 546–561
Modifiable Risk Factors and Trends in Changes in Glucose Regulation during the First Three Years Postdelivery: The St Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Cohort
No full textAuthor Contributions: M.A.-R., A.B., A.L.C.-P., A.D., P.M.-M., M.A.R., P.d.M., J.A.D., L.d.V., V.M., J.V., I.R., M.P. and R.M.O. were involved in conceptualization and design, data curation, analysis, and interpretation of data. A.L.C.-P. was responsible for funding acquisition. A.L.C.-P., C.F., I.M., I.J., M.A.-R., M.J.T., M.M.-N., M.P., A.D., P.d.M., A.B., L.d.V., V.M., J.V. and R.M.O. were involved in supervision, validation, and visualization of researched data, and contributed to discussion and investigation. M.C., M.P., P.M.-M., M.A.-R. and M.A.R. were involved in data research and reviewed and edited the manuscript. Writing—original draft: A.L.C.-P., M.A.-R., V.M., I.R. and P.M.-M. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Writing—review & editing: M.A.-R., A.L.C.-P., P.M.-M., V.M., and I.R. A.L.C.-P. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Objective: Evaluation of the influence of potential risk factors (RFs) on glycemic changes at 3 years postpartum. Methods: The glycemic status of 1400 women, in absence of a new pregnancy, was evaluated at 3 months (3 m) and 3 years (3 y) postpartum, after participation in the St. Carlos Gestational Study (2228 normoglycemic pregnant women followed from before gestational week 12 to delivery, from 2015–2017). Abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL and/or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% and/or 2 h 75 g OGTT glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL. In total, 12 modifiable and 3 unmodifiable RFs were analyzed. Results: 3 m postpartum, 110/1400 (7.9%) women had AGR; 3 y postpartum, 137 (9.8%) women exhibited AGR (110 with 3 m normal glucose tolerance [NGT]); 1263 (90.2%) had NGT (83 with 3 m AGR). More women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) progressed to AGR at 3 y (OR: 1.60 [1.33–1.92]) than women without GDM. Yet, most women with 3 m and/or 3 y AGR had no GDM history. Having ≥2 unmodifiable RFs was associated with increased risk for progression to AGR (OR: 1.90 [1.28–2.83]) at 3 y postpartum. Having >5/12 modifiable RFs was associated with increased progression from NGT to AGR (OR: 1.40 [1.00–2.09]) and AGR persistence (OR: 2.57 [1.05–6.31]). Pregestational BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 0.59 [0.41–0.85]), postdelivery weight gain (OR: 0.53 [0.29–0.94]), and waist circumference > 89.5 cm (OR: 0.54 [0.36–0.79]) reduced the likelihood of NGT persisting at 3 y. Conclusions: 3-month and/or 3-year postpartum AGR can be detected if sought in women with no prior GDM. Modifiable and unmodifiable RF predictors of AGR at 3 y postpartum were identified. Universal screening for glycemic alterations should be considered in all women following delivery, regardless of prior GDM. These findings could be useful to design personalized strategies in women with risk factors for 3 y AGR.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches.
No full textSandy coastal beaches are an important nesting habitat for marine turtles and a known sink for plastic pollution. Existing methodologies for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of abundance and composition of plastic are, however, disparate. We engaged a global network of marine turtle scientists to implement a large-scale sampling effort to assess microplastic abundance in beach sediments on marine turtle nesting beaches. Sand samples were collected from 209 sites spanning six oceans, microplastics (1-5 mm) were extracted through stacked sieves, visually identified, and a sub-sample verified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastics were detected in 45 % (n = 94) of beaches and within five ocean basins. Microplastic presence and abundance was found to vary markedly within and among ocean basins, with the highest proportion of contaminated beaches found in the Mediterranean (80 %). We present all data in an accessible, open access format to facilitate the extension of monitoring efforts and empower novel analytical approaches.The authors thank the UK Global Challenges Resource Fund (GCRF) (Grant number: NE/V005448/1) and the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant number: NE/V009354/1) which has enabled this international collaboration. We also thank and are grateful to everyone who assisted in the collection and shipment of the samples. We thank Dr. Jennifer Lynch from the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) for collecting and processing of the Hawaiian beach samples. José C. Báez was financially supported by the project ‘Plan Complementario de I + D + i en el área de Biodiversidad (PCBIO),’ funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan – NextGenerationEU, by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and by the Regional Government of Andalusia. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a ‘Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The manuscript was improved as a result of the input of the editor and two anonymous reviewers
Strengthening reading comprehension in second grade boys and girls, through the development of executive functions.
No full textEl presente documento tiene como finalidad determinar si el desarrollo de las Funciones Ejecutivas contribuye al fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora en niños y niñas de segundo grado; para cumplir con el objetivo se adopta una metodología que implica una investigación de tipo descriptivo, explicativa y experimental, con un enfoque mixto donde se combina el análisis cualitativo con el cuantitativo.
Los resultados obtenidos son concordantes con otros estudios donde se evidencia que efectivamente existe una relación entre las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) y la comprensión lectora, pues el fortalecimiento de los procesos ejecutivos como la atención, el cambio de atención, la supervisión, la inhibición de respuesta y el establecimiento de secuencias, contribuyen a mejorar la capacidad del estudiantes para comprender un texto de forma literal, hacer inferencias de lo leído y analizar críticamente lo que el autor quiso trasmitir. Bajo este contexto para el caso el mejoramiento en la comprensión lectora fue del 38%, gracias al uso de juegos que permitieron fortalecer las FE.Instituto Tecnico De OrienteMagister en Tecnologías de la Información aplicadas a la EducaciónMaestríaThe purpose of this document is to determine if the development of Executive Functions contributes to the strengthening of reading comprehension in second grade boys and girls; To meet the objective, a methodology is adopted that involves descriptive, explanatory and experimental research, with a mixed approach where qualitative and quantitative analysis are combined.
The results obtained are consistent with other studies where it is evidenced that there is indeed a relationship between Executive Functions (EF) and reading comprehension, since the strengthening of executive processes such as attention, change of attention, supervision, inhibition of response and the establishment of sequences, contribute to improve the ability of students to understand a text literally, make inferences from what is read and critically analyze what the author wanted to convey. Under this context, for the case, the improvement in reading comprehension was 38%, thanks to the use of games that made it possible to strengthen the FE
Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study
No full textBackground Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged >= 18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients' preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARR(adj)). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT01865513.Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22 803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7.6%] of 21 694); ORadj 1.86, 95% CI 1.53-2.26; ARR(adj) -4.4%, 95% CI -5.5 to -3.2). Only 2.3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.49; ARR(adj) -2.6%, 95% CI -3.9 to -1.4) and the administration of reversal agents (1.23, 1.07-1.41; -1.9%, -3.2 to -0.7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1.03, 95% CI 0.85-1 center dot 25; ARR(adj) -0.3%, 95% CI -2.4 to 1.5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 or more (1.03, 0.82-1.31; -0.4%, -3.5 to 2.2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes.Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications
Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018
No full textEl modelo de Estado Social de Derecho se adopta bajo el marco de la Constitución de 1991 y es asumido como una concepción jurídica que busca la garantía de los derechos, privilegiando aquellos relacionados con la protección a la vida y los bienes de los ciudadanos. Es por esto que surge la necesidad de garantizar el derecho a la seguridad, término que ha variado con el correr de los tiempos y el desarrollo de las sociedades humanas, especialmente, como consecuencia del conflicto armado.
En este orden de ideas, el Estado, al tener como eje principal la protección de la vida propende por un orden público democrático que, elimine todo tipo de amenazas a la población y garantice la protección de los derechos y las libertades de los ciudadanos.
Es así que el Estado colombiano frente a los retos que implica el cambio en las formas de violencia y de los actores que las llevan a cabo, y teniendo en cuenta la dicotomía existente entre conflicto armado interno y la urgencia de desarrollar una política pública de seguridad ciudadana con enfoques en seguridad en orden público, se ha dotado de herramientas para cumplir, total o parcialmente, con su función de buscar mecanismos de protección ante la violencia social en procura de garantizar el goce de los derechos de los ciudadanos.
Ahora bien, para hacer efectivo el cumplimiento de los derechos de los ciudadanos se acogió y adaptó la concepción de seguridad ciudadana; que constituye una de las dimensiones de seguridad humana que, en términos de Charles-Phillipe David (2008), se define de la siguiente manera:
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Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar
derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
La seguridad humana se distingue esencialmente [de la seguridad estatal o clásica] por el hecho de que tiene por objeto la protección del individuo y no la protección del Estado, y por el hecho de que las amenazas provienen al mismo tiempo del exterior y del interior de los Estados (p. 62)
Por otra parte, el concepto de seguridad ciudadana se orienta a preservar la tranquilidad individual y colectiva de la sociedad ante peligros que pudieran afectarla, garantizando el ejercicio de los derechos y libertades de los ciudadanos, es preciso señalar entonces que, la seguridad ciudadana no solo constituye la lucha contra el crimen, sino que además propende por la creación de un ambiente propicio y adecuado para la convivencia pacífica de las personas, es decir, procura la consolidación de procesos que mejoren las relaciones entre la comunidad y las instituciones encargadas oficialmente de brindar seguridad.
De tal forma, dada la amplitud y complejidad de un tema como la seguridad ciudadana, se requiere para su regulación del diseño e implementación de políticas públicas, concepto que para fines de este documento, se adoptó del autor Roth (2017) quien las concibe como: (…) un conjunto de medios y acciones que son tratados, por lo menos parcialmente, por una institución u organización gubernamental con la finalidad de orientar el comportamiento de actores individuales o colectivos para modificar una situación percibida como insatisfactoria o problemática‖. ( p.27) El anterior concepto permite esclarecer el fenómeno de la política pública, tal y como lo señala el autor, haciendo referencia a toda acción que desarrolle el Estado para alcanzar los fines u objetivos ante situaciones consideradas como problemáticas o insatisfactorias, a fin de armonizar y/o afrontar falencias. Esto indica que el Estado, una vez vislumbrada la necesidad de proteger al individuo y el libre ejercicio de sus derechos y libertades, a partir de la garantía de la
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Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar
derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
seguridad de los ciudadanos, acoge las políticas públicas en materia de seguridad ciudadana como mecanismo para el cumplimiento de su fin. No obstante, la seguridad ciudadana, entendida bajo la perspectiva de Carranza (1995), involucra un concepto verdaderamente amplio y completo, que: Concibe la seguridad de los habitantes, no solamente como la tranquilidad de no ser víctima de hechos delictivos sino, también, de vivir en un Estado constitucional de derecho y de participar de los beneficios del desarrollo en materia de salud, educación, vivienda, y todos los ámbitos del carácter social (p. 21).
En términos generales, el Estado ha enfrentado retos a través de la implementación de normatividad e imposición de la fuerza pública, e instituciones encargadas de la seguridad a través de la delegación de funciones, aspecto que se contempló desde la Constitución de 1991 en el artículo 314, que facultó a los alcaldes llevar a cabo el ejercicio de la seguridad, por ser considerados como la primera autoridad de policía. Posteriormente, con la Ley No 62, 1993 se determinó que, tanto alcaldes como gobernadores, junto con la Policía Nacional, deberían diseñar y desarrollar planes integrales de seguridad para las entidades territoriales, conocidos estos como Planes Integrales de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana (PISCC), que resultan de un proceso interinstitucional para el fortalecimiento de la garantía de la seguridad ciudadana. En tiempos más recientes, con la Ley No 1801, 2016 que establece el Código Nacional de Policía, se reglamenta en su artículo 5, capítulo II la convivencia, entendida como ―la interacción pacífica, respetuosa y armónica entre las personas, con los bienes y con el ambiente, en el marco del ordenamiento jurídico‖.
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Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar
derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
Sin embargo, a pesar de que el Estado colombiano, es un Estado Social de Derecho, que goza de amplia normatividad e institucionalidad, aún se evidencia y de manera cotidiana en los medios de comunicación masiva, una alteración en el goce de los derechos de los ciudadanos en materia de seguridad ciudadana, contrarrestando o menoscabando lo estipulado tanto en la ley, como en las políticas públicas que han sido diseñadas para tal fin.
Lo anteriormente expuesto lleva a formular la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo en su calidad de políticas públicas, los planes de desarrollo del período 2012-2018, han incidido y contribuido a garantizar el derecho a la seguridad ciudadana?
El fundamento de la problemática radica en la necesidad que el Estado busque mecanismos para el cumplimiento de los fines que democráticamente le fueron impuestos, pues el fortalecimiento del orden social, no solo se consolida con la eliminación de factores que puedan desequilibrar a la comunidad, sino con los mecanismos que se impartan para tratarla.
Sin embargo, como una posible respuesta a la pregunta planteada se observa que, si bien es cierto, las políticas públicas generan un impacto directo en el bienestar de la sociedad, con el transcurrir de los años y con los índices que se reflejan en los medios de comunicación no se evidencian avances significativos en materia de seguridad ciudadana, respecto a las políticas públicas implementadas para el manejo de la seguridad ciudadana, persistiendo falencias en el sistema.
Por tanto, no se ven reflejados en la población, avances significativos en el tema de seguridad ciudadana, en relación al ámbito social, es decir, en el libre goce de los derechos y libertades, por ello, los planes de desarrollo como política pública que regulan el ámbito de la
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Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar
derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
seguridad se han limitado y no han incidido de manera tal, que den una respuesta positiva frente a la seguridad ciudadana.
Ahora bien, para dar respuesta a la pregunta planteada, se tiene como objetivo general i. Estudiar las políticas públicas entre los periodos 2002 a 2018, en materia de seguridad ciudadana, e identificar las líneas de acción y su continuidad en el tiempo. Así mismo, se contemplan como objetivos específicos ii. Conceptualizar las políticas públicas e identificar sus fases y contextualizar la seguridad ciudadana, y también iii. Identificar las herramientas para llevar a cabo el cumplimiento de las políticas, respecto a la seguridad ciudadana. Una vez analizado lo anterior, se tendrá un diagnóstico para esclarecer qué aporte o influencia han tenido los planes de desarrollo, como políticas públicas, en la garantía de los derechos de los ciudadanos, en materia de seguridad ciudadana. De modo tal, que una vez esté recopilada la totalidad de la información y el contenido, respecto al tema objeto de análisis, se podrá dar respuesta a la pregunta formulada.
De manera que, para la construcción de una respuesta sólida a la pregunta planteada en este documento, fue necesario concebirla haciendo uso del método cualitativo, dado que se aborda un fenómeno con sus principales problemáticas, y cuyo propósito es la descripción del objeto que se estudia distinguiendo sus características. Igualmente se acudió al método histórico lógico que permite ver el progreso, desarrollo y evolución de las instituciones y normas jurídicas precisando transformaciones de un fenómeno socio jurídico. Por último, la respuesta se halla con apoyo de la dimensión jurídica, teniendo en cuenta que corresponde a la línea del derecho que como conjunto de preceptos conforman un sistema estructurado, con coherencia, y cuya finalidad
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Análisis de la política de seguridad ciudadana y su aporte como herramienta para garantizar
derechos a los ciudadanos mediante los planes de desarrollo 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
radica en encausar y organizar las relaciones sociales con técnicas de control y mediación, regulando y coordinando la coexistencia de la continuidad de la sociedad.
Para concluir, gracias al empleo de las metodologías anteriormente señaladas, se puede establecer cuál es el aporte de las políticas públicas, desde su formulación e implementación a una política en materia de seguridad ciudadana, y cómo se ha podido garantizar.The model of the Social State of Law is adopted under the framework of the 1991 Constitution and is assumed as a legal concept that seeks the guarantee of rights, privileging those related to the protection of life and property of citizens. That is why the need arises to guarantee the right to security, a term that has varied over time and the development of human societies, especially as a result of the armed conflict.
In this order of ideas, the State, having as its main axis the protection of life, tends for a democratic public order that eliminates all kinds of threats to the population and guarantees the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.
In this way, the Colombian State faces the challenges implied by the change in the forms of violence and the actors that carry them out, and taking into account the existing dichotomy between internal armed conflict and the urgency of developing a public security policy citizen with security approaches in public order, has provided tools to fully or partially comply with its function of seeking mechanisms of protection against social violence in order to guarantee the enjoyment of the rights of citizens.
However, in order to enforce the fulfillment of the rights of citizens, the conception of citizen security was accepted and adapted; which constitutes one of the dimensions of human security that, in terms of Charles-Phillipe David (2008), is defined as follows:
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Analysis of citizen security policy and its contribution as a tool to guarantee
rights to citizens through the development plans 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
Human security is distinguished essentially [from state or classical security] by the fact that it is aimed at the protection of the individual and not the protection of the State, and by the fact that the threats come simultaneously from outside and inside of the States (p. 62)
On the other hand, the concept of citizen security is aimed at preserving the individual and collective tranquility of society against dangers that could affect it, guaranteeing the exercise of the rights and freedoms of citizens, it is necessary to point out that, citizen security not only It constitutes the fight against crime, but also promotes the creation of a favorable and adequate environment for the peaceful coexistence of people, that is, it seeks to consolidate processes that improve relations between the community and the institutions officially responsible for providing security.
Thus, given the breadth and complexity of an issue such as citizen security, it is required for its regulation of the design and implementation of public policies, a concept that was adopted by the author Roth (2017) for the purposes of this document, who conceives them as : (...) a set of means and actions that are treated, at least partially, by a government institution or organization in order to guide the behavior of individual or collective actors to modify a situation perceived as unsatisfactory or problematic problem. (p.27) The previous concept allows to clarify the phenomenon of public policy, as indicated by the author, referring to any action that the State develops to achieve the ends or objectives in situations considered as problematic or unsatisfactory, in order to harmonize and / or face shortcomings. This indicates that the State, once envisioned the need to protect the individual and the free exercise of their rights and freedoms, from the guarantee of the
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Analysis of citizen security policy and its contribution as a tool to guarantee
rights to citizens through the development plans 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
citizen security, welcomes public policies on citizen security as a mechanism for the fulfillment of its purpose. However, citizen security, understood from the perspective of Carranza (1995), involves a truly broad and complete concept, which: conceives the safety of the inhabitants, not only as the peace of mind of not being a victim of criminal acts but, also, to live in a constitutional state of law and to participate in the benefits of development in health, education, housing, and all areas of social character (p. 21).
In general terms, the State has faced challenges through the implementation of regulations and enforcement of the public force, and institutions responsible for security through the delegation of functions, an aspect that was contemplated since the 1991 Constitution in article 314 , which empowered the mayors to carry out the exercise of security, for being considered the first police authority. Subsequently, with Law No. 62, 1993, it was determined that both mayors and governors, together with the National Police, should design and develop comprehensive security plans for territorial entities, known as Integral Plans for Coexistence and Citizen Security (PISCC) , which result from an inter-institutional process to strengthen the guarantee of citizen security. In more recent times, with Law No. 1801, 2016 that establishes the National Police Code, coexistence is regulated in article 5, chapter II, understood as ―the peaceful, respectful and harmonious interaction between people, with property and with the environment, within the framework of the legal system‖.
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Analysis of citizen security policy and its contribution as a tool to guarantee
rights to citizens through the development plans 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
However, despite the fact that the Colombian State is a Social State of Law, which enjoys broad regulations and institutions, it is still evident and on a daily basis in the mass media, an alteration in the enjoyment of the rights of the citizens in matters of citizen security, counteracting or undermining what is stipulated both in the law and in the public policies that have been designed for this purpose.
The foregoing leads us to ask the following question: How, in your quality as public policies, have the development plans for the 2012-2018 period influenced and contributed to guaranteeing the right to citizen security?
The basis of the problem lies in the need for the State to seek mechanisms for the fulfillment of the ends that were democratically imposed, since the strengthening of the social order is not only consolidated with the elimination of factors that can unbalance the community, but with the mechanisms taught to treat it.
However, as a possible answer to the question posed, it is observed that, although it is true, public policies generate a direct impact on the well-being of society, with the passing of the years and with the indexes that are reflected in the media of communication there are no significant advances in citizen security, regarding the public policies implemented for the management of citizen security, persisting flaws in the system.
Therefore, significant advances in the issue of citizen security are not reflected in the population, in relation to the social field, that is, in the free enjoyment of rights and freedoms, therefore, development plans as a public policy that regulate the scope of the
11
Analysis of citizen security policy and its contribution as a tool to guarantee
rights to citizens through the development plans 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
security have been limited and have not affected in such a way that they give a positive response to citizen security.
However, in order to answer the question posed, it has as a general objective i. Study public policies between 2002 and 2018, in terms of citizen security, and identify the lines of action and their continuity over time. Likewise, they are contemplated as specific objectives ii. Conceptualize public policies and identify their phases and contextualize citizen security, and also iii. Identify the tools to carry out the compliance of the policies, regarding citizen security. Once analyzed the above, there will be a diagnosis to clarify what contribution or influence the development plans have had, such as public policies, in guaranteeing the rights of citizens, in terms of citizen security. Thus, once all the information and content have been compiled, regarding the subject under analysis, the question asked can be answered.
So, for the construction of a solid answer to the question posed in this document, it was necessary to conceive it using the qualitative method, given that a phenomenon with its main problems is addressed, and whose purpose is the description of the object being studied distinguishing its characteristics. Likewise, the logical historical method that allows to see the progress, development and evolution of the institutions and legal norms was required, requiring transformations of a socio-legal phenomenon. Finally, the answer is supported by the legal dimension, taking into account that it corresponds to the line of law that, as a set of precepts, forms a structured system, with coherence, and whose purpose
12
Analysis of citizen security policy and its contribution as a tool to guarantee
rights to citizens through the development plans 2002-2018.
Bertha Lucía Moreno Martínez
It lies in prosecuting and organizing social relations with control and mediation techniques, regulating and coordinating the coexistence of the continuity of society.
To conclude, thanks to the use of the aforementioned methodologies, it is possible to establish what the contribution of public policies is, from its formulation and implementation to a citizen security policy, and how it has been guaranteed.Magister en Derecho Públicohttp://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.coMaestrí
Methodological proposal for the implementation of green supply chain management in marketing and distribution companies of mass consumption products of processed foods
No full textEsta investigación busca trascender la manera tradicional de orientar la cadena de suministro en el contexto de las empresas comercializadoras y distribuidoras de alimentos de consumo masivo, adoptando la sostenibilidad como un componente clave para el progreso empresarial, todo esto por medio de una propuesta metodológica para la implementación de la cadena de suministro verde. En esta propuesta se entrega: identificación y descripción de criterios y subcriterios específicos para la implementación de GSCM, también se plantearon las partes interesadas tanto internas como externas, se construyeron indicadores de desempeño basados en los fundamentos de los procesos de GSCM y marketing verde, evaluando el desempeño de las empresas en términos de sostenibilidad; ambiental, social y económica. Esto al final constituye una propuesta que busca trazar un camino practico y atractivo para que las empresas del sector se adentren en GSCM y adopten la sostenibilidad como pilar importante de su identidad.This research seeks to transcend the traditional way of orienting the supply chain in the context of mass consumption food marketing and distribution companies, adopting sustainability as a key component for business progress, all this through a methodological proposal for the implementation of the green supply chain. This proposal delivers: identification and description of specific criteria and sub-criteria for the implementation of GSCM, also internal and external stakeholders were raised, performance indicators were built based on the fundamentals of GSCM and green marketing processes, evaluating the performance of companies in terms of sustainability; environmental, social and economic. This ultimately constitutes a proposal that seeks to outline a practical and attractive way for companies in the sector to enter into GSCM and adopt sustainability as an important pillar of their identity
