1,720,962 research outputs found
Plasma levels of enteroglucagon(EG) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) following the construction of a pelvic reservoir
No full textEnteroglucagon (EG) and peptide Y-Y (PYY) response after construction of pelvic reservoir in humans.
No full textTissue levels of prostanoids in Crohn's ileitis:correlation with disaease activity and p.o. recurrence.
No full textWhat happens to the rectal muscular cuff? An experimental study in dogs
No full textAbstract
The anatomy and histology of the rectal muscular cuff was studied in 15 dogs with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Eight channel, three-dimensional anal manometry showed normal maximal squeeze presure (128 ± 20mm Hg) compared to a control group (135 ± 4 mm Hg). The rectal muscular cuff showed complete absence of the cuff in three cases. In 12 dogs, the rectal cuff was retracted to a length of less than 1 cm, the muscle fibers were degenerated and fibrotic. The results in the canine model and the clinical results of patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with a cuff demonstrated that a rectal muscular cuff is not essential to maintain continence after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
Enteroglucagon (EG) and peptide Tyrosin-Tyrosin (PYY) plasma levels after total proctocolectomy pouch construction in dog.
No full textImmunocytochemical study of endocrine cells in pelvic ileal reservoirs
No full textAbstract
The distribution and morphology of intestinal endocrine cells was investigated in the mucosa of pelvic ileal reservoirs using immunocytochemical methods. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from 15 patients after the construction of a modified J-pouch. The mucosa of the reservoir showed a variable degree of colonic metaplasia in all cases. No relevant quantitative variations of gut endocrine cells were detected, as revealed by immunostaining for the general marker, chromogranin, compared with normal ileal mucosa. Immunostaining for different peptide-containing cells resulted in normal number and morphology of serotonin, enteroglucagon, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and somatostatin-containing cells. Neurotensin cells were less numerous than in normal mucosa. The role played by gastrointestinal hormones in the adaptive response of the intestine to pouch construction is, presently, unclear. Further studies involving measurements of fasting and meal-stimulated levels of gut hormones in pouch patients might clarify this aspect
Enteroglucagon and peptide Y-Y response after construction of a pelvic reservoir in humans
No full textAbstract
The results of an investigation on plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in patients after the construction of a pelvic reservoir are reported. Enteroglucagon (EG) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), two hormones believed to play a relevant role in the adaptive response of bowel resection, were investigated using a specific radioimmunoassay in basal conditions and after a standard meal. Pouch patients showed a statistically significant increase in basal levels of both enteroglucagon and PYY compared with control subjects (P < 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). The response of enteroglucagon to food ingestion, evaluated by means of the total integrated response, was similar in patients and controls. Conversely, the response of PYY was significantly increased in pouch patients compared with control cases (P < 0.02). Results of this investigation suggest that gut hormones may be involved in mediating the adaptive response of the intestine to pouch construction. Changes of gut peptides may explain, at least in part, the functional results observed after pouch construction
Neuroendocrine innervation of the hepatic vessels in the rat and in man
No full textAbstract
An extensive array of nerve fibers ramify around the afferent blood vessels of the liver and the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary pathways, and are thought to be involved in regulation of blood flow. Although the role of sympathetic innervation is established, little is known about the location or role of regulatory peptidergic innervation in the liver. We examined the anatomic distribution of a wide variety of regulatory peptides and several neural antigens by in situ immunohistochemistry in the rat and in man. A rich peptidergic plexus of nerve fibers and ganglion cells was observed around the arterial vessels in both species, with intense immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. S-100 protein immunoreactivity was seen principally in large nerve bundles, suggesting that the majority of nerves in this area were unmyelinated. In contrast, the portal vessels revealed very little peptidergic innervation. No staining was observed with antibodies directed against insulin, glucagon, gastrin, serotonin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, cholecystokinin, or growth hormone. These findings indicate the presence of a rich, although selective, peptidergic plexus surrounding afferent hepatic blood vessels. This plexus may play an important role in regulation of hepatic blood flow
Intestinal endocrine cells in radiation enteritis
No full textAbstract
In this study, the intestinal endocrine cells were investigated in 13 surgical specimens affected by radiation enteritis. Endocrine cells were studied by means of Grimelius' silver staining and immunostaining for chromogranin, a general marker of endocrine cells. Positively stained cells were quantified by counting their number per unit length of muscularis mucosa. Results in radiation enteritis were compared with matched control specimens by using Student's t test. Chromogranin immunostaining showed a statistically significant increase of endocrine cells in radiation enteritis specimens compared with controls both in small and large intestine (ileum, 67.5 ± 23.5 cells per unit length of muscularis mucosa in radiation enteritis versus 17.0 ± 6.1 in controls; colon, 40.9± 13.7 cells per unit length of muscularis mucosa in radiation enteritis versus 9.5 ± 4.1 in controls - p < 0.005 in both instances). Increase of endocrine cells was demonstrated also by Grimelius' staining; however, without reaching statistically significance. It is not clear whether or not the increase of endocrine cells in radiation enteritis reported in this study is caused by a hyperplastic response or by a sparing phenomenon. We should consider that increased endocrine cells, when abnormally secreting their products, may be involved in some of the clinical features of radiation enteropathy. In addition, as intestinal endocrine cells produce trophic substances to the intestine, their increase could be responsible for the raised risk of developing carcinoma of the intestine in long standing radiation enteritis
- …
