1,819 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-tej-10.1177_20417314211032488 – Supplemental material for Biopreservation of living tissue engineered nerve grafts
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-tej-10.1177_20417314211032488 for Biopreservation of living tissue engineered nerve grafts by Robert B Shultz, Kritika S Katiyar, Franco A Laimo, Justin C Burrell, Kevin D Browne, Zarina S Ali and Daniel K Cullen in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
Erratum: Hoover, K.D. 2020. The Discovery of Long-Run Causal Order: A Preliminary Investigation. <i>Econometrics</i> 8: 31
No full textThe author would like to make the following correction to the article by Kevin D [...
Intercountry Adoption on the Internet
No full textThis study by Shihning Chou, Kevin Browne and Melanie Kirkaldy investigated whether inter-country adoption agencies on the internet upheld the principles of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) and the Hague Convention (1993). A systematic search on the UK-based Google search engine was carried out. The search yielded 2,383 hits, of which 116 were adoption agencies. All 116 agencies were registered in the USA and 37 per cent of the agency websites clearly stated that potential adoptive parents are allowed to select a child they wish to adopt, with 34 per cent offering the option to apply online. The average total fee for intercountry adoption per child was US273.97. The majority of websites displayed photographs of children: 9.5 per cent showed photos of named children who had been adopted, 25 per cent displayed photos of named children currently available for adoption and 50 per cent of websites displayed general photographs of children with no identifiers. Furthermore, 18.1 per cent of agencies used terminology that promoted children as a commodity rather than as individuals in need. There was a positive correlation between agencies using such terminology and those displaying photographs with personal information. If these views are accepted, it means that it can be estimated that at least 38 per cent of the agencies were in breach of the UNCRC and the Hague Convention
The relationship over time between international adoption and institutional care in Romania and Lithuania
No full textInternational adoption is seen by some as a solution to the large number of children in institutional care. However, our previous findings did not support the notion that international adoption contributes to the deinstitutionalisation of children (Browne and Chou, 2008; Chou and Browne, 2008). As our previous study was cross‐sectional, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship over time in a country that has banned international adoptions (Romania) and a country that has continued the practice (Lithuania). The numbers of children in care and the numbers of adoptions were obtained from government websites and by contacting government departments. A positive correlation was found between institutional care and international adoption in Romania between 1997 and 2012. The findings for Romania indicated that stopping international adoption was not accompanied by an increase in the number of children in institutional care. A reduction in institutional care in Romania only occurred after the ban on international adoption. However, no correlation was found for Lithuania as both practices remained constant between 2000 and 2012. The findings for Lithuania showed that continued international adoption was not accompanied by a reduction in institutional care
La revisión emocional del encuentro médico-terapéutico en M. Balint, P. Freeling y K. Browne (1957-1967)
No full textThe emotional perspective of the doctor-patient relationship and the trust inherent in this interrelation are analysed through medical narratives published in the 1960s by Michael Balint, Kevin Browne and Paul Freeling. Balint promoted the so-called ‘Balint Groups’ in the Tavistock clinic (London), in which Browne and Freeling participated. Their publications are part of the psychoanalytic and psychosomatic approach, that updated the consideration of the person as a whole and showed the meaning of emotions in illness. Balint, Browne and Freeling highlighted the therapeutic nature of the doctor-patient relationship and underlined the subjectivity and participation of both the professional and the patient in the doctor-patient encounter. The Balint movement and within this framework, the work of Browne and Freeling, joined others that led to promoting the integration of the psychological and the social environment in the definition of the disease and in the practice of medicine at that time. The article also focusses the contrasts between the proposals of Michael Balint and those raised by the American Psychosomatic Society, and other psychoanalytic movements, regarding the doctor-patient relationship.Se analiza la perspectiva emocional de la relación médico-paciente y la confianza propia de esta interrelación, a través de publicaciones y relatos médicos de Michael Balint, Kevin Browne y Paul Freeling, aparecidos en la década de 1960. Balint promovió en la clínica Tavistock (Londres) los llamados ‘Grupos Balint’ en los que participaron Browne y Freeling. Sus publicaciones se enmarcan en la aproximación psicoanalítica y psicosomática, enfoque que actualizó la consideración de la persona como un todo y mostró el significado de las emociones en la enfermedad. Balint, Browne y Freeling destacaron el carácter terapéutico de la relación médico-paciente y subrayaron la subjetividad y la participación tanto del profesional como del paciente, en el encuentro médico-paciente. El movimiento Balint y en ese marco, la obra de Browne y Freeling, se sumó a otras que llevaron a promover la integración de lo psicológico y el entorno social en la definición de la enfermedad y en la práctica de la medicina de ese tiempo. El artículo pone de manifiesto los contrastes entre las propuestas de Michael Balint y las planteadas por la Escuela Psicosomática norteamericana y otros movimientos de origen psicoanalítico, respecto a la psicogenia y a la relación médico-paciente
Productivity in Higher Education/ Kevin Stange, Kevin Strange, Caroline M. Hoxby.
No full textIn English.How do the benefits of higher education compare with its costs, and how does this comparison vary across individuals and institutions? These questions are fundamental to quantifying the productivity of the education sector. The studies in Productivity in Higher Education use rich and novel administrative data, modern econometric methods, and careful institutional analysis to explore productivity issues. The authors examine the returns to undergraduate education, differences in costs by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty and of outcomes, the effects of online education on the higher education market, and the ways in which the productivity of different institutions responds to market forces. The analyses recognize five key challenges to assessing productivity in higher education: the potential for multiple student outcomes in terms of skills, earnings, invention, and employment; the fact that colleges and universities are "multiproduct" firms that conduct varied activities across many domains; the fact that students select which school to attend based in part on their aptitude; the difficulty of attributing outcomes to individual institutions when students attend more than one; and the possibility that some of the benefits of higher education may arise from the system as a whole rather than from a single institution. The findings and the approaches illustrated can facilitate decision-making processes in higher education.Hoxby, Caroline M. / Stange, Kevin -- Staiger, Douglas -- Hoxby, Caroline M. -- Minaya, Veronica / Scott-Clayton, Judith -- Riehl, Evan / Saavedra, Juan E. / Urquiola, Miguel -- Altonji, Joseph G. / Zimmerman, Seth D. -- Courant, Paul N. / Turner, Sarah -- Vlieger, Pieter De / Jacob, Brian / Stange, Kevin -- Deming, David J. / Lovenheim, Michael / Patterson, Richard -- Carrell, Scott E. / Kurlaender, Michal -- Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction / 1. What Health Care Teaches Us about Measuring Productivity in Higher Education / 2. The Productivity of US Postsecondary Institutions / 3. Labor Market Outcomes and Postsecondary Accountability: Are Imperfect Metrics Better Than None? / 4. Learning and Earning: An Approximation to College Value Added in Two Dimensions / 5. The Costs of and Net Returns to College Major / 6. Faculty Deployment in Research Universities / 7. Measuring Instructor Effectiveness in Higher Education / 8. The Competitive Effects of Online Education / 9. Estimating the Productivity of Community Colleges in Paving the Road to Four- Year College Success / Contributors -- Author Index -- Subject Index1 online resource (392 p.)
The Effectiveness of 3-D Compared to 2-D Signage on Recycling Behaviour
No full textUsing 3-D objects as examples, rather than 2-D icons on signs, to help people learn recycling categories has shown mixed results in observational studies, so an online experimental study was conducted to attempt to clarify the findings. The main hypothesis was that participants would perform faster and more accurately if they learned the recycling categories through images of 3-D objects rather than by 2-D icons. Furthermore, several exploratory hypotheses were suggested: Participants given both types of signage—3-D + 2-D—would perform better than the 3-D and 2-D conditions on their own, and subjective workload and user engagement would predict differences in performance between conditions. An ANOVA found no differences between any of the three conditions in terms of accuracy of sorting performance, subjective workload, or user engagement. However, the 3-D + 2-D condition demonstrated a significant, small-to-medium sized increase in sorting speed when compared to the other two conditions, suggesting that combined 3-D + 2-D signage speeds up decision making without negatively impacting accuracy. One possible explanation is that redundancy of information in the combined condition reduced uncertainty and led to increased speed. However, replication of this result is required because of some limitations inherent to the current study
Stigmatopora narinosa Browne & Smith 2007, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Stigmatopora narinosa</i> sp. nov. <p>Figures 2–5. Tables 1, 2.</p> <p> Figured as <i>Stigmatopora olivacea</i> Castelnau, 1872: Gulf Pipefish in Kuiter (2000): 199: figs A–D. Note that female in fig. C is <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i>. In contradiction to the captions these images were taken at Edithburgh, South Australia (Kuiter, pers. com).</p> <p> Holotype: male, SAM F 10190, 150 mm TL, South Australia, Edithburg Pool, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 31 Dec 2003. Hand netted at 10.30 am while scuba diving 30 m offshore at 2-m depth MLWS, in an open bed of mixed <i>Posidonia</i> sp. and <i>Zostera</i> sp. sea-grasses, with brown algae, on a sandy rubble substrate.</p> <p>Paratypes: South Australia: SAM F 10186, 135 mm TL, Edithburgh Pool, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 29 Dec 2004. SAM F10194, 60 and 64 mm TL, Magazine Bay, Pt. Turton, 34°55'S, 137°20'E, 18 Jan 2004. SAM F 10195, 72 mm TL, Port Victoria, 34°29'S, 137°28'E, 7 Jan 2004. NMV A 29230 -001, 143, 130, 122, 131 mm TL, Edithburg Pool, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 22 Oct 2005. NMV A 29231 -001, 141, 117, 141, 128, 130 mm TL, Port Hughes Jetty, 34°04'S, 137°32'E, 30 Oct 2005.</p> <p> <i>Other material examined.</i> SAM F 7458, 122 and 94 mm TL, Edithburgh Jetty, 35°05'S, 137° 45’E, 13 Apr 1992. SAM F 7550, 95 mm TL, Edithburgh Jetty, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 15 Mar 1994. SAM F 7551, 73 mm TL, Edithburgh Jetty, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 13 Apr 1992. SAM F 10159, 90 mm TL, Seacliff, 35°02'S, 138°31'E, 5 Mar 2003. SAM F 10160, 92 mm TL, Seacliff, 35°02'S, 138°31'E, 5 Mar 2003. SAM F 10171, 114 mm TL, Port Hughes Jetty, 34°04'S, 137°32'E, 18 Mar 1994. F 10186, 135 mm TL, Edithburgh Pool, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 29 Dec 2004. SAM F 10191, 74 mm TL, Port Vincent, 34°46'S, 137°52'E, 1964. SAM F 10192, 70 mm TL, Seacliff, 35°02'S, 138°31'E, 5 Mar 2003. SAM F 10193, 65 mm TL, Edithburgh Jetty, 35°05'S, 137°45'E, 1981. F10194, 60 and 64 mm TL, Magazine Bay, Pt. Turton, 34°55'S, 137°20'E, 18 Jan 2004. F 10195, 72 mm TL, Port Victoria, 34°29'S, 137°28'E, 17 Jan 2004.</p> <p> Specimens of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> sp. nov. (n = 7) for statistical meristic and morphometric comparison were SAM F 7458, SAM F 7550, SAM F 7551, SAM F10159, SAM F10160, SAM F10171. Comparative material of <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> (SAM F10185, n = 10) used for statistical comparison was collected at O’Sullivans Beach Marina (35°02'S, 138°31'E). Other comparisons were with Dawson (1982).</p> <p> P for <i>t-</i> test. NS = not significant, Dorsal = dorsal ray count; Pectoral = pectoral ray count; SDTR = sub-dorsal trunk rings ngs; SDTAR = sub-dorsal tail rings; SDR = total sub-dorsal rings. Values are expressed as means ± SD, range.</p> <p>SD = snout depth, least vertical dimension posteriad of mouth; SnL = snout length; SW = snout width; HL = head length; TrL = trunk length, length from posterior of operculum to vent. Values are expressed as means ± SD, range.</p> <p>P for t-test, NS = not significant.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. In contrast to other described species of <i>Stigmatopora</i>, trunk and tail ridges, and particularly lateral trunk ridge, indistinct in fresh specimens. Lateral trunk ridge terminates 1.5 body rings posterior to anal ring. Short, wide and slightly elevated snout. 9 sub-dorsal tail rings. Distinct banded pattern in both live and preserved specimens.</p> <p> <i>Description</i>. STR and STAR continuous, ITR and ITAR continuous. LTR not confluent with LTAR, LTR terminating about 1.5 body rings posterior to anal ring (fig. 2). Meristic and morphometric values given in Tables 1, 2. The opercular ridge longitudinal and angled little dorsally, prominent in juveniles, reduced in adults (fig. 5). Brood pouch (fig. 4) under the anterior portion of tail, extends for 15 to 18 rings from anal ring; pouch plates absent or vestigial, brood protected by well-developed pouch folds which develop from the inferior tail ridges and touch or overlap at ventral midline within length of 1 ring.</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i>., DO 6.5, D 40, P 13, A 4, TR 18, TAR 68, SDTR 11.5, SDTAR 7.5, SDR 19, SD/SnL 0.14, SW/SnL 0.15, HL/TrL 0.64, SnL/TrL 0.37, SnL/HL 0.62.</p> <p> <i>Colouration</i>. Base color variably brown, red, yellow and grey-green, tending to fade to cream, brown and red in preservative. Adults mainly grey-green above with reddish-brown or dark brown markings. Red dominates toward tip of tail with the tip frequently only bright red. Pattern of dark transverse bands on each ring with the pattern changing along length of body and varying between individuals and possibly also with age. Anterior and dorsal margins of each ring dark brown or reddish brown, distinct or smudged, form a transverse band at each joint. Bands broaden ventrally, with only thin pale line remaining in middle of rings, resulting in appearance of a series of inverted saddles. Central part of bands sometimes pale resulting in double bands. Elongated spots sometimes present in these double dark bands or bands broken, further disrupting banded pattern and giving spotted or scribbled appearance. Banding often obscured, especially on the anterior half of trunk (figs 2, 4). Similar spotting sometimes under head. Juveniles often brown or golden yellow.</p> <p> <i>Reproduction</i>. When compared to the other <i>Stigmatopora spp</i>. the most distinguishing characteristics of the reproduction of <i>S. narinosa</i> are a lack of dorso-ventral compression in females, a specialized reproductive morphology, the number and size of the young. Sexual dimorphism characteristic of <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i>, and <i>S</i>. <i>macropterygia</i> is the dorso-ventral compression of the trunk which is exaggerated in the females during courtship. Female <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> also display bright red banding on the ventral surface during courtship.</p> <p> <i>S. narinosa</i> has a distinctive brood pouch and potentially a greater number of brooded eggs than its congeners <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> or <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i>. The brood pouch is under the anterior portion of the tail and extends for 15–18 rings from the anal ring; pouch plates are absent or vestigal, and well-developed pouch folds meet on the ventral midline. The eggs of <i>S. narinosa</i> are deposited in two layers, a basal layer and then an external layer. In the specimen with the greatest recorded number of eggs there were 3 staggered rows of 64 basal membranous egg compartments on the tail, with this basal layer of eggs covered by a membrane with matching rows of egg pouches; a 2nd layer with 34 eggs within the brood pouch folds resulted in a total of 98 eggs. The total lengths of <i>S. narinosa</i> larvae at hatching are 18 mm, those of <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> 13 mm, and those of <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> 32 mm. Male <i>S. narinosa</i> have extended brood patches from December to March, and juveniles <90 mm seen from December to March. Males of <i>S. narinosa</i> can mature at 113 mm. The maximum recorded brood of <i>S. narinosa</i> of 98 eggs was far greater than that recorded by Dawson (1982) of approximately 25 for <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> and 41 for <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> (IFG 2007).</p> <p> <i>Comparisons</i>. The dorsal fin origin of <i>S. narinosa</i> is similar to that of <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> at the 5th to 7th trunk ring but contrasts with other <i>Stigmatopora</i> which have the dorsal fin origin at the 9th to 13th trunk ring. However, <i>S. narinosa</i> sp. nov. is easily distinguished from <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> in having 9, rather than 6 sub-dorsal tail rings. Other distinguishing characteristics of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> when compared to <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> are a greater number of dorsal rays, total sub-dorsal rings; and ratios of snout depth and snout width to snout length, lower ratios of snout length to trunk length and head length (Tables 1, 2).</p> <p> <i>S. narinosa</i> has a distinct banded pattern in both live and dead specimens. <i>S. nigra</i> and <i>S. argus</i> also both have banding. The banding on <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> on the dorsal surface consists of dark bars between the ventral rings on the trunk and extending to the tail. Dark bands on the ventral surface of the trunk are wider than on the dorsal surface. There may be no banding on the dorsal surface of the trunk of <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> or the bands may appear as narrow dark or pale bars on the trunk and anterior 3rd of the tail. <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> has inverted saddle-like dark transverse bands on each ring, broadening ventrally, with only thin pale line remaining in middle of rings. The anterior and tip of tail of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> is frequently colored red to yellow with those of <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> green. A further distinguishing feature of <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> are dark spots or ocelli on the dorsal trunk.</p> <p> <i>S. nigra</i> and <i>S. argus</i> have elongated narrow and shallow snouts (fig. 6). However, the snout of <i>S. narinosa</i> is short, wide and slightly elevated. The brood pouch of <i>S. narinosa</i> extends 15–18 rings from the anal ring (fig. 3). In <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> the brood pouch extends 14–24 tail rings, in <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> 12–16 tail rings, and in <i>S</i>. <i>macropterygia</i> 21–24 tail rings.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: <i>S. narinosa</i> “naris, Latin nostril; narinosus, broadnosed” (Brown, 1954) is named after the wide and distinctive spatulate shape of its snout (fig. 2). Kuiter (2000) gives this species as <i>S</i>. <i>olivacea</i>, and the common name ‘Gulf Pipefish’. Because this common name is used for the North American <i>Syngnathus scovelli</i> (Evermann and Kendall, 1896), for <i>S. narinosa</i> we adopt the common name ‘Southern Gulf Pipefish’.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. <i>S. narinosa</i> is currently known only from South Australia along 200 km of inshore habitat from Seaciff (35°02'S, 138°31'E) on the southeastern coast of the Gulf St. Vincent, along the south-western shore of the Gulf St. Vincent from Pt. Vincent (34°46'S, 137°52'E) south to the Edithburgh Jetty (35°05'S, 137°45'E), and along the south-eastern shore of Spencer Gulf from Pt. Hughes Jetty (34°04'S, 137°32'E), at Pt. Victoria (34°29'S, 137°28'E), and south to Magazine Bay, Pt. Turton (34°55'S, 137°20'E) (fig. 7). Photographs appearing to be <i>S. narinosa</i> were taken at Pt. Hughes (2003) and Edithburgh Jetty (35°05'S, 137°45'E) and by Kuiter (2000) at Edithburg (in Kuiter, 2000, image title from Cape Jarvis, Kuiter pers. com.) and Pt. Victoria (34°29'S, 137°28'E). All specimens of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> have been collected or photographed in sheltered shallow open water of 1–5 m depth over a substrate of a mosaic of patches of brown algae, with <i>Posidonia</i>, or <i>Zostera</i>. The only hand-netted specimen of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> was sampled at Stansbury (34°53'S, 137°49'E) at low tide. Deeper water trawl surveys offshore from locations inhabited by <i>S. narinosa</i> have yielded no specimens. Deeper SCUBA surveys have not found <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i>. Therefore, <i>S. narinosa</i> appears to have a very limited inshore distribution along patches of moderate energy coastlines with low turbidity and a broken vegetation pattern of sea-grass and brown algae.</p> <p> The northern sections of both the Gulf St. Vincent and Spencer Gulf are low energy coastlines with typically dense <i>Posidonia</i> sea-grass beds extending from low tide mark to considerable depths. They lack an open patchy mosaic of brown algae, <i>Posidonia</i>, and <i>Zostera</i> on sand and probably do not offer suitable habitat for <i>S. narinosa.</i> Both <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> generally inhabit sea-grass beds, with the larger <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> (TL 254 mm; Dawson, 1982) preferring the long (~ 60 cm) and wide (~ 1 cm) <i>Posidonia sp</i>. beds, and the smaller <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> (TL 162 mm, Dawson, 1982) inhabiting the short (~ 5-14 cm) and narrow (~ 2-4 mm) <i>Zostera sp</i>. sea-grass. Both <i>S</i>. <i>argus</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>nigra</i> are colored green to grey-green. The generally reddish/brown colour of <i>S</i>. <i>narinosa</i> would provide better camouflage among its apparently preferred habitat of mixed sea-grass and brown algae. Seasonal water temperatures at one site inhabited by <i>S. narinosa</i> (Edithburgh Pool; 35°05'S, 137°45'E) ranged from 12–20°C.</p> <p> This restricted inshore habitat of <i>S. narinosa</i> may be particularly vulnerable to pollutants or exotic marine species. On the other hand, the readily accessible inshore distribution of <i>S. narinosa</i> could facilitate the monitoring and investigation of its populations and contribute to conservation measures. The finding of a new <i>Stigmatopora</i> species in shallow inshore sites adjacent to populated areas indicates the potential for other novel species of pipefish to be discovered across southern Australia.</p>Published as part of <i>Browne, Robert K. & Smith, Kevin, 2007, A new pipefish, Stigmatopora narinosa (Syngnathidae) from South Australia, pp. 1-6 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64</i> on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8064996">http://zenodo.org/record/8064996</a>
Teleliteracy in the neighborhood:Seeking an educative pedagogical framework andfinding an encoded praxis of mutual humanization in"Mister Rogers Talks about Learning"
No full textLiteracy education today involves more than the development of reading and writing proficiencies; literacy today also requires the augmentation of skills needed to read many forms of audiovisual text. Finding a conceptual framework for all of the different kinds of media in which people engage today, however, presents a daunting challenge to the field; seeking and finding this conceptual framework seems urgent considering that young people especially tend to draw heavily from popular music, television, film, and internet sites in their struggles to understand themselves and their world. This study focuses specifically on teleliteracy education. While good teleliteracy pedagogical frameworks exist, significant advancements in teleliteracy education seem to be mired in problems. Most notably, members of the field debate the value of engaging young people in controversial television content. Some scholars claim that this engagement "dumbs-down" learning and diminishes life; others claim that it promotes learning and enriches life when the engagement occurs in democratic learning spaces. Another problem is that existing teleliteracy frameworks seem to concentrate on helping learners to become more critically minded but perhaps overly cynical of the television content in which they engage. In an attempt to strengthen existing teleliteracy frameworks, this study presents an analysis of "Mister Rogers Talks about Learning" (1992), a theme of the Mister Rogers' Neighborhood series comprised of five one-half hour programs. In the study, the author critiques Rogers' work through a theoretical framework that merges Dewey's (1938) and Freire's (1993/1970) philosophies of what constitutes an educative experience within a mutually humanizing praxis. The author also employs Guba and Lincoln's (1989) articulation of constructivist inquiry as a theoretical framework for his methodology, drawing from Freire's (1993/1970) ideas on deconstructing a coded situation and Carby's (1993) work on decoding media text that has pedagogic intent and didactic tone. From the analysis, the author suggests that Rogers' educative and humanizing pedagogy provides insights on how young people might be invited to integrate their learning experiences into their everyday lives in order to navigate positively and confidently, but not cynically, the popular media in which they engage more broadly the challenging issues of a growingly complex world
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