566 research outputs found
An internal variable constitutive model for the hot working of metals
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.Vita.Bibliography: leaves 161-168.by Stuart Bryan Brown.Ph.D
Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar
No full textGrismer, L. Lee, Wood, Perry L., Thura, Myint Kyaw, Grismer, Marta S., Brown, Rafe M., Stuart, Bryan L. (2018): Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar. Zootaxa 4514 (2): 202-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.
Reading Stuart Elden’s The Birth of Territory
No full textThe Birth of Territory is an outstanding scholarly achievement, a book ‘of remarkable depth and breadth’, as noted by Alec Murphy in his comment, a book that already promises to become a ‘classic’ in geography, together with very few others published in the past decades. But Elden's book is also a difficult one to position within mainstream human geography. Its genealogical engagement with multiple sources/texts in various historical and linguistic contexts is far reaching, and it has very few precedents in the discipline—since it is deliberately inspired by the Cambridge school of contextual history, and the German tradition of Begriffsgeschichte, conceptual history. The Birth of Territory is also methodologically challenging, as its account of territory is carved out of a clear selection of ‘presences and absences’ operated by the author that, like all work of this kind, is open to criticism in relation to the strategies of inclusion/exclusion (of texts, concepts, people) adopted. What follows is a brief account of an Author meets Critics panel on The Birth of Territory held at the AAG Conference held in Tampa in April 2014
Geographic structure of genetic variation in the Parachute Gecko Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale, 1905 across Indochina and Sundaland with descriptions of three new species
No full textGrismer, L. Lee, Wood Jr, Perry L., Grismer, Jesse L., Quah, Evan S. H., Thy, Neang, Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Seateun, Sengvilay, Stuart, Bryan L., Siler, Cameron B., Mulcahy, Daniel G., Anamza, Tashitso, Brown, Rafe M. (2019): Geographic structure of genetic variation in the Parachute Gecko Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale, 1905 across Indochina and Sundaland with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4638 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4638.2.
Liopeltis tiomanica Som & Grismer & Grismer & Wood & Quah & Brown & Diesmos & Weinell & Stuart 2020, sp. nov.
No full textLiopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. Liopeltis tricolor (part): J.L. Grismer et al. 2004: 275; Grismer 2011: 203. Liopeltis tricolour [sic] (part): Grismer et al. 2006: 178. Holotype. LSUHC 5037, adult female (Figs. 2–4), Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang State, Pulau Tioman (= Tioman Island), Gunung Kajang trail, 2.77900°N 104.15703°E (Datum WGS84), 618 m elev., coll. 11 August 2002 by Jesse L. Grismer, Perry L. Wood, Jr., and L. Lee Grismer. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the new species’ type and only known locality on the island of Pulau Tioman. The specific epithet is feminine, in agreement with the gender of the genus (Poyarkov et al. 2019). Diagnosis. A species of Liopeltis having the combination of the nasal scale fused with the internasal scale; preoculars two; ventrals 161; distinct black lateral cephalic stripe extending from rostral through eye to approximately 30 mm behind neck before fading; four longitudinal stripes on dorsum; and venter immaculate, without stripes. Description of holotype (Figs. 2–3). Adult female; head slightly distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal view; snout weakly pointed in lateral view, projecting beyond lower jaw; eye large, pupil round; body slender; tail thin. Rostral wide, clearly visible from above; nasal partially divided, portion anterior to nostril continuous with internasal, portion posterior to nostril with horizontal suture; loreal absent; two preoculars, upper rectangular, approximately 25% size of lower, trapezoidal preocular; two postoculars, squarish or rounded, upper scale slightly larger than lower scale; eight supralabials, 4 th and 5 th in contact with eye, 2 nd– 4 th in contact with lower preocular, 5 th (right side) and 5 th– 6 th (left side) in contact with lower postocular, 7 th largest; eight infralabials, 5 th largest; one elongate anterior temporal; two subequal posterior temporals, shorter than anterior temporal; two internasals; two prefrontals; single frontal, approximately 63% length of parietals, with one supraocular on each side; two large, elongate parietals; anterior pair and posterior pairs of chin shields subequal in length, anterior pair broader; dorsal scales smooth, in rows 15:15:13, apical pits absent; 161 ventrals; cloacal plate divided; 119 paired subcaudals. Scale counts are summarized in Table 2. *Data from Taylor (1922: 164, “No. 940, Bureau of Science Collection;” specimen destroyed during World War II). Color of holotype in life (Fig. 2). Dorsal surface of head bronze-brown (Grayish Horn Color 268); chin, supralabials, and infralabials cream (Cream White 52); black stripe on lateral side of head and neck separates dorsal and ventral coloration, stripe slightly wider than one dorsal scale, extending from rostral though eye to approximately 30 mm posterior to neck, gradually fading; dorsum bronze (Grayish Horn Color 268) with four longitudinal brown (Olive-Brown 278) stripes, two dorsal stripes extending from neck to tail, two lateral stripes extending from area posterior of black head stripe to level of cloacal plate; venter uniform pale cream color (Cream White 52) with small dark spots on ventral scales. Color of holotype in preservative (Fig. 3). Dorsum faded to grayish green (Olive Horn Color 16); dorsal stripes faded to light brown (Clay Color 18). Molecular data. The standard deviation of split frequencies among the four Bayesian runs was 0.003717 and the Estimated Sample Sizes (ESS) of parameters were ≥ 3,390. The holotype of Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. was recovered with strong support (Bayesian posterior probability 1.00) to be the sister taxon of L. philippina (Fig. 4). The L. tiomanica sp. nov. + L. philippina clade was recovered with strong support (Bayesian posterior probability 1.00) to be nested within a clade containing L. tricolor and L. stoliczkae, although the relationships among L. tricolor, L. stoliczkae, and the L. tiomanica sp. nov. + L. philippina clade were not resolved (Fig. 4). Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. had uncorrected p -distances in cyt b of 9.6% from L. philippina and 12.9–13.3% from L. tricolor. Distribution, natural history, and conservation. Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. is known only from the holotype specimen collected from Pulau Tioman (Fig. 1). The specimen was found in the afternoon while perched on a small tree branch 2 m above the ground in primary hill dipterocarp forest (J. Grismer et al. 2004, Fig. 5). Comparisons. Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. differs from all other species of Liopeltis, except its sister taxon L. philippina (Fig. 4), by having the nasal fused with the internasal and four longitudinal stripes on the dorsum (Weinell et al. 2019). Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. differs from L. philippina by having 161 ventral scales (vs. 139–150 in L. philippina); two preocular scales (vs. one in L. philippina); and a distinct black lateral cephalic stripe (vs. indistinct in L. philippina; Fig. 5). Liopeltis tiomanica sp. nov. further differs from the sympatric (and possibly syntopic) L. tricolor by having the prefrontal in contact only with the second supralabial (vs. second and third supralabials in L. tricolor); and immaculate ventral scales (vs. three gray ventral stripes in most L. tricolor). Scalation differences among these three species are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.Published as part of Som, Hannah E., Grismer, L. Lee, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Quah, Evan S. H., Brown, Rafe M., Diesmos, Arvin C., Weinell, Jeffrey L. & Stuart, Bryan L., 2020, A new Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia, pp. 472-484 in Zootaxa 4766 (3) on pages 475-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/376561
Leptobrachium xanthops Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun & Sivongxay, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Leptobrachium xanthops</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>Holotype.</b> NCSM 78468 (field tag BLS 14376), adult male (Figure 3), Laos, Dakchung Plateau, Phou Ajol Mountain, Xe Kong Province, Dakchung District, 15.68239°N 107.19424°E, 1,475 m elev., coll. 18 May 2011 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Sengvilay Seateun.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> Two adult females: NCSM 78466, same data as holotype except coll. 17 May 2011; NCSM 78467, same data as holotype except coll. 15.68516°N 107.19814°E, 1,450 m elev., 17 May 2011. One subadult female: NUOL 0 0 0 0 1, same data as holotype except coll. 15.68444°N 107.19689°E, 1,500 m elev., 19 May 2011.</p> <p> <b>Referred material.</b> One metamorph: NCSM 78469, same data as holotype except coll. 15.68477°N 107.19407°E, 1,490 m elev.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet taken from <i>xanthos</i> Gr. for yellow and <i>ops</i> Gr. for eye, in reference to the iris color of the new species.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Assigned to the genus <i>Leptobrachium</i> on the basis of having head width longer than shank length; skin above with a network of ridges; large axillary glands; extremities of digits rounded; and upper part of iris colored differently from lower part (Dubois & Ohler 1998). A small-sized <i>Leptobrachium</i> having males with SVL 44.7, females with SVL 38.8–45.2; lower one-half of iris dark brown, upper one-half of iris pale yellow, scleral arc pale yellow; dark venter (purplish-gray in preservative) with minute white spots on tubercles; and sexually active males without spines on the upper lip.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> Habitus moderately stocky; body tapering to groin. Head broad and depressed; head length slightly longer than head width. Snout rounded in dorsal view, sharply sloping in profile, barely projecting beyond lower jaw in profile; nostril slightly closer to tip of snout than to eye, below canthus, internarial shorter than interorbital distance; canthus rostralis distinct; lores oblique, moderately concave; eye large, slightly projecting from side of head, diameter shorter than snout length, interorbital distance subequal to upper eyelid width; no pineal ocellus; tympanum round, slightly elevated from side of head, annulus weakly visible, tympanum diameter about 40% eye diameter and greater than distance between tympanum and eye; tongue heart-shaped, notched posteriorly; large, slit-like vocal sac openings on floor of mouth near lateral margin of tongue; vomerine teeth absent; testes mature.</p> <p>Forelimb slender. Fingers moderately slender, without webbing. Tip of fingers blunt, that of fingers I slightly swollen; relative finger lengths II <IV <I <III; two oval palmar tubercles in contact, inner larger than outer, low callous bumps on ventral surface of fingers; nuptial pad absent.</p> <p>Hindlimb slender and relatively short. Toes moderately slender; webbing on toe I and preaxial side of toe II to level of distal margin of subarticular tubercle, on postaxial side of toe II to base of tip, on preaxial side of toe III to level of proximal subarticular tubercle continuing as a fringe to base of tip, on postaxial side of toe III to midway between proximal subarticular tubercle and tip continuing as a fringe to base of tip, on preaxial and postaxial sides of toe IV to same level as postaxial side of toe III and continuing as a fringe to base of tip, and on toe V to subarticular tubercle continuing as a fringe to base of tip. Tips of all toes blunt, slightly swollen; relative toe lengths I<II<V<III<IV; distinct, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle, length about 75% distance between tip of toe I and tubercle; no outer metatarsal tubercle.</p> <p>Skin above smooth with fine network of ridges, with small tubercles above sacrum; no spines on upper lip; low supratympanic ridge from posterior edge of eye to axilla; ventrally granular, skin smooth on ventral surfaces of limbs; large, round axillary gland on ventrolateral surface slightly posterior to insertion of forelimb with body; indistinct femoral gland on posteroventral surface of thigh, closer to knee than vent.</p> <p> <b>Color of holotype in life.</b> Dorsum dark gray, with indistinct, black spots on tubercles, white spots on tubercles near vent; upper flank like dorsum, lower flank like belly, with small white spots at interface; upper surface of forelimb with narrow, indistinct black bands; upper surface of hindlimb with black bands and indistinct bronze bands on dorsal surface of thigh, black and light gray bands on dorsal surface of tibiotarsus and foot; lower one-half of iris dark brown, upper one-half of iris pale yellow, scleral arc pale yellow (visible in the posterior corner of the eye and when the palpebrum is retracted); irregular, black streak under canthus and supratympanic fold; ventral surface of body and limbs dark purplish-gray, chin and chest lighter than belly, minute white spots on tubercles on chin, chest, and belly; axillary and femoral glands white.</p> <p> <b>Color of holotype in preservative:</b> Color in preservative almost uniformly dark gray-brown, with only faint traces of banding on hindlimb visible. Upper part of iris and scleral arc faded to white.</p> <p> <b>Variation:</b> Paratypes closely resemble the holotype, except NCSM 78466 had indistinct bronze bands on forelimb in life. Females with thinner forelimbs than males. Females NCSM 78466–67 with large, brown ova in preservative, female NUOL 0 0 0 0 1 with developing creamy-white ova in preservative. Measurements are summarized in Table 1.</p> <p> <b>Molecules.</b> The holotype and two paratypes (NCSM 78466, NUOL 00001) are identical in the 16S gene fragment, but are divergent from topotypes of other <i>Leptobrachium</i> species known from southern Laos and adjacent central Vietnam. Specifically, the new species has an uncorrected pairwise divergence of 8.01% from <i>L. banae</i>, 4.01% from <i>L. buchardi</i>, 11.66% from <i>L. chapaense</i>, 3.06% from <i>L. ngoclinhense</i>, 3.09% from <i>L. pullum</i>, and 6.57% from <i>L. xanthospilum</i> (Table 2).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and natural history.</b> <i>Leptobrachium xanthops</i> is known with certainty only from wet evergreen forest at 1,450–1,500 m elevation on the Dakchung Plateau, Phou Ajol Mountain in Xe Kong Province, Dakchung District, Laos. The species probably occurs elsewhere in the highlands of southeastern Laos and adjacent central Vietnam, and may be hidden in existing natural history collections under previously named species of <i>Leptobrachium</i>. The adults were found at night (1905–2215 h) on leaf litter within 15 m of 3–5 m wide swift, rocky streams. Calling was not heard. The subadult was taken at night (2000 h) on leaf litter away from water. The metamorph was found at night (2110 h) on a stone in shallow water at the bank of a 5 m wide swift, rocky, cascading stream.</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> <i>Leptobrachium xanthops</i> differs from all other species of <i>Leptobrachium</i> by having a pale yellow upper one-half of the iris and scleral arc. It further differs from all other species of <i>Leptobrachium</i> that occur in Laos, Vietnam, or Cambodia (Table 2) in size, body coloration, and/or male secondary sexual characters. Specifically, <i>L. ailaonicum</i>, <i>L. echinatum</i>, and <i>L. ngoclinhense</i> have males with SVL> 60 (44.7 in <i>L. xanthops</i>) and spines on the upper lip (absent in <i>L. xanthops</i>). <i>Leptobrachium banae</i> and <i>L. xanthospilum</i> have males with SVL> 57 (44.7 in <i>L. xanthops</i>) and females with SVL> 80 (50.3–56.9 in <i>L. xanthops</i>). In addition, <i>L. banae</i> has red bands on the limbs (absent in <i>L. xanthops</i>) and <i>L. xanthospilum</i> has large, yellow, glandular spots on the flank (absent in <i>L. xanthops</i>). <i>Leptobrachium buchardi</i>, <i>L. pullum</i>, and <i>L. smithi</i> have light venters with dark spots (dark purplish-gray venter in <i>L. xanthops</i>), and <i>L. leucops</i> has distinct dark markings on the dorsum and banding on the limbs (absent in <i>L. xanthops</i>). <i>Leptobrachium chapaense</i>, <i>L. mouhoti</i>, and <i>L. promustache</i> have males with SVL> 51 (44.7 in <i>L. xanthops</i>) and females with SVL> 58 (50.3–56.9 in <i>L. xanthops</i>), and <i>L. promustache</i> has males with spines on the upper lip (absent in <i>L. xanthops</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Stuart, Bryan L., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Seateun, Sengvilay & Sivongxay, Niane, 2012, A new Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the highlands of southeastern Laos, pp. 29-37 in Zootaxa 3155</i> on pages 33-35, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/212443">10.5281/zenodo.212443</a>
Ptychozoon popaense Grismer & Wood & Thura & Grismer & Brown & Stuart 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPtychozoon popaense sp. nov. Mt. Popa Parachute Gecko Fig. 2 Holotype. LSUHC 13508, adult male, collected by Myint Kyaw Thura on 27 May 2017 from Yay Su camp, 16 km northeast of Kyauk-pa-taung Town, Kyauk-pa-taung Township, Mt. Popa, Mandalay Region, Myanmar (20.88331°N, 95.26638°E, 629 m above sea level). Paratopotype. Adult female LSUHC 13507 bears the same collection data as the holotype. Diagnosis. Ptychozoon popaense s p. nov. can be differentiated from all other species of Ptychozoon based on having the unique combination of separated supranasals; presence of an infra-auricular flap; dorsal and caudal tubercles absent; 32–36 enlarged ventral scales; enlarged femorals absent; 21 enlarged, pore-bearing precloacals in the male and 12 dimpled precloacal scales in the female; 13 or 14 transversely enlarged subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe; 28 or 29 scales across the caudal flap; distal caudal lobes not fused into a long caudal flap; bases of 15–19 lobes fused anterior to the caudal flap; caudal lobes angling slightly posteriorly; thick, dark, postorbital stripe present; four dark, dorsal, body bands between limb insertions; irregularly shaped, with white, vertebral markings; and adults not having distinct immaculate black and white caudal bands dorsally (Table 4). Description of holotype. Adult male SVL 86.2 mm; head short (HL/SVL 0.26), wide (HW/SVL 0.20), depressed (HD/HL 0.43), distinct from neck; snout rounded at tip in dorsal profile; interorbital region flat; lores rounded; rostral scale large, rectangular, without dorsomedial groove, in contact posteriorly with two supranasals, one postnasal, and laterally with nostrils and first supralabials; supralabials (9R,10L), supralabial eight in midorbital position; infralabials (9R,10L); nostrils elliptical with long axis oriented dorsoventrally, occupying anterior portion of nasal scale, bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by supranasal, posteriorly by four postnasals of varying sizes, and ventrally by first supralabial; scales on rostrum granular slightly larger than granular scales on top of head and occiput; no ridge of tubercles along mandibles; eyes large (ED/HL 0.24), less than snout length and EAO distance; pupil vertically elliptical, crenelated; supraciliaries elongate, posteriormost spinose; auricular opening rounded, lacking enlarged lobes; tympanum deeply sunk; infra-auricular flap broad, rounded, extending from below corner of mouth to base of neck, measuring 3.5 mm at its widest point; dorsal scales of infra-auricular flap large, subimbricate proximally, small juxtaposed distally, minute and granular ventrally; infra-auricular flap on right side deeply notched; mental triangular, wider than deep, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by paired, rectangular postmentals contacting medially for 70% of their length; one row of enlarged sublabials bordering infralabials, anteriormost largest; gular scales small, rounded, grading abruptly into larger imbricating throat and ventral scales. Body dorsoventrally depressed, relatively stout (AG/SVL 0.47); axilla-groin cutaneous expansion (flap) 5.5 mm at midpoint of body and bearing enlarged, juxtaposed, rectangular scales dorsally and minute, juxtaposed, subrectangular scales ventrally; dorsal body scales minute, flat, rounded, juxtaposed, largest mid-dorsally; 36 transverse rows of large, smooth, flat, subimbricate ventrals, ventrals much larger than dorsals, decreasing in size laterally; 21 elevated, enlarged, pore-bearing, precloacal scales; seven rows of enlarged, post-precloacal scales; scales immediately anterior to vent granular. Limbs short, robust (FL/SVL 0.11; TBL/SVL 0.16); dorsal scales of forelimbs, flat, juxtaposed, slightly larger than dorsal body scales and juxtaposed ventral forelimb scales; anterior and posterior margins of forelimbs, posterior margins of hind limbs, and anterior margins of forelegs bearing wide, cutaneous flaps extending to bases of digits I and V, bearing subimbricate, moderately larger scales dorsally and smaller imbricate scales ventrally wide; wide predigital notch in preantebrachial flap; palmar scales smooth, rounded; digits fully webbed, relatively short, dorsoventrally compressed; undivided transverse subdigital lamellae number 12 (I), 12 (II), 15 (III), 15 (IV), 12 (V), distalmost lamellae V-shaped; claws arise from within the dorsal surface of digital pads; first digit lacks a claw; dorsal scales of hind limbs, flat, juxtaposed, smaller than dorsal body scales and flat, subimbricate scales of thigh; posterior margins of thigh and foreleg, and anterior margin of foreleg have wide, cutaneous flaps bearing subimbricate, moderately large scales dorsally and much smaller subimbricate scales ventrally; pretibial flap not contacting base of digit V; post-tibial flap contacts base of digit I; plantar scales smooth, subimbricate; digits fully webbed; transverse subdigital lamellae number 11 (I), 13 (II), 15 (III), 13 (IV), 14 (V), distalmost lamellae Vshaped; claws arise from within the dorsal surface of digital pads; and first digit lacks a claw. Tail original, flattened, moderate in length (TaL/SVL 1.04); two median rows of transversely widened, smooth subcaudals; postcloacal scales on heimpenial swelling large, flat, imbricate; dorsal caudals flat, juxtaposed, larger than dorsal body scales, occurring in whorls; 6–8 smaller scales between larger scales delimiting whorls; tail width and caudal lobes slightly decrease posteriorly; 25 caudal lobes on each side slightly angled posteriorly; 19 lobes fused at their bases, prior to grading posteriorly into short, straight-edged, terminal tail flap terminal tail flap short (8.6 mm), not wider than tail. Coloration in life (Fig. 2). Dorsal ground color of head, body and limbs light-green, that of tail light-brown; top of head bearing three elongate, grey markings extending onto nape; wide, grey preorbital stripe extends through eye terminating on nape, becoming progressively darker and thicker posteriorly; labials much lighter than ground color of head, bearing thin dark lines; four wide, sinuous, grey bands between limb insertions bearing diffuse anterior margins and black, well-defined posterior margins and extending onto flanks; a series of irregularly shaped, poorly defined, immaculate, white vertebral blotches extending from nape to sacrum; dorsal surface of limbs bearing grey, diffuse, irregularly shaped, banded to reticulate patterns; seven dark caudal bands becoming darker posteriorly separated by six lighter bands, posterior two lightest; terminal flap nearly black; ventral surfaces of head, body, and limbs beige, generally immaculate; subcaudal region distinctly banded. All colors have faded to varying shades of grey in preservative. Variation. The female paratopotype is nearly identical to the holotype in all aspects of coloration and pattern except that the terminal flap is white as opposed to being nearly black and the original tail was broken off at the time of collection. Meristic differences are presented in Table 5. Comparisons. Ptychozoon popaense sp. nov. is most closely related to P. lionotum sensu lato but differs from it by having 15–19 fused caudal lobes as opposed to 2–11; lacking as opposed to having a thick, dark, postorbital stripe; and having as opposed to lacking irregularly shaped, white, vertebral markings. From P. bannaense it differs by having 21 as opposed to 17 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males; 13 or 14 as opposed to 16 or 17 enlarged, transverse, subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; slight as opposed to extreme posteriorly angled caudal lobes; minimal as opposed to extreme reduction in the width of the caudal lobes toward the end of the tail; and having as opposed to lacking irregularly shaped, white, vertebral markings. Combinations of other characters differentiating P. popaense sp. nov. from the other more distantly related species are presented in Table 4. Distribution. Ptychozoon popaense is know only from the type locality from Yay Su camp, 16 km northeast of Kyauk-pa-taung Town, Kyauk-pa-taung Township, Mt. Popa, Mandalay Region, Myanmar (Fig. 1). Etymology. The gender of the genus Ptychozoon is neutral, therefore the specific epithet popaense is the adjective used here in reference to the type locality, Mt. Popa, Mandalay Region. Natural history. The type material was collected in deciduous dipterocap forest (Fig. 3). Both specimens were found on the walls of a small wooden building while foraging for insects during the evening at approximately 1900 hrs.Published as part of Grismer, L. Lee, Wood, Perry L., Thura, Myint Kyaw, Grismer, Marta S., Brown, Rafe M. & Stuart, Bryan L., 2018, Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar, pp. 202-214 in Zootaxa 4514 (2) on pages 208-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/260792
Leptobrachium leucops Stuart, Rowley, Tran, Le & Hoang, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textLeptobrachium leucops sp. nov. Holotype: NCSM 77465 (field tag BLS 11751; Figures 2, 6), adult male, Vietnam, Langbian Plateau, Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong District, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Hon Giao, 12 ° 11 ' 11.2 "N 108 ° 42 ' 53.5 "E (Figure 7), 1,627 m elev., coll. 6 March 2008 by Bryan L. Stuart, Jodi J. L. Rowley, Tran Thi Anh Dao, Le Thi Thuy Duong, Hoang Duc Huy, Nguyen Le Xuan Bach, and Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong. Paratypes: Fourteen adult males: AMS R 173163, same data as holotype; FMNH 280396, NCSM 77463 – 64, NCSM 77467, UNS 00121 /AMS R 173159, UNS 00122 /AMS R 173160, UNS 00123 /AMS R 173161, AMS R 173162, AMS R 173165, UNS 00124 /AMS R 173166, AMS R 173168, same data as holotype except coll. 4–16 March 2008; NCSM 77466, AMS R 173164, Vietnam, Langbian Plateau, Khanh Hoa Province, Khanh Vinh District, 12 ° 11 ' 30.5 "N 108 ° 43 '03.5"E, 1,558 m elev., coll. 8 March 2008 by Bryan L. Stuart, Jodi J. L. Rowley, Tran Thi Anh Dao, Le Thi Thuy Duong, Hoang Duc Huy, Nguyen Le Xuan Bach, and Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong. Two immature females: UNS 00125 /AMS R 173167, same data as holotype except 12 ° 11 ' 33.3 "N 108 ° 42 ' 41.6 "E, 1,900 m elev., coll. 10 March 2008; AMS R 173158, same data as holotype except 12 ° 11 ' 24.3 "N 108 ° 42 '49.0"E, 1,751 m elev., coll. 19 May 2008 by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Tran Thi Anh Dao, Le Thi Thuy Duong, Hoang Duc Huy, Da Du Ha Tien, Vu Hanh Dung, Dinh Binh Phuong, Ly Tri, and Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong. Etymology. The specific epithet taken from leukos Gr. for white and ops Gr. for eye, in reference to the iris color of the new species. Diagnosis. Assigned to the genus Leptobrachium on the basis of having head width larger than shank length; skin above with a network of ridges; large axillary glands; extremities of digits rounded; and upper part of iris colored differently from lower part (Dubois & Ohler 1998). A small-sized Leptobrachium having males with SVL 38.8–45.2; upper one-third to one-half of iris white; blue scleral arc; dark venter (purplish-gray, dark gray, or black in life, dark gray in preservative) with minute white spots on tubercles; and sexually active males without spines on the upper lip. Description of holotype. Habitus moderately stocky; body tapering to groin. Head broad and depressed; head length and width subequal. Snout rounded in dorsal view, sharply sloping in profile, barely projecting beyond lower jaw in profile; nostril closer to tip of snout than to eye, below canthus, internarial shorter than interorbital distance; canthus rostralis distinct; lores oblique, moderately concave; eye large, slightly projecting from side of head, diameter subequal to snout length, interorbital distance subequal to upper eyelid width; no pineal ocellus; tympanum round, annulus weakly visible, tympanum diameter about 40 % eye diameter and greater than distance between tympanum and eye; tongue heart-shaped, notched posteriorly; large, slit-like vocal sac openings on floor of mouth near lateral margin of tongue; vomerine teeth absent. Forelimb slender. Fingers moderately slender, without webbing. Tip of fingers blunt, those on fingers I and II slightly swollen; relative finger lengths II = IV<I<III; two oval palmar tubercles in contact, inner larger than outer, low callous bumps on ventral surface of fingers; nuptial pad absent. Hindlimb slender and relatively short. Toes moderately slender; webbing on toe I and preaxial side of toe II to level of distal margin of subarticular tubercle, on postaxial side of toe II to base of tip, on preaxial side of toe III to level of proximal subarticular tubercle continuing as a fringe to base of tip, on postaxial side of toe III to midway between proximal subarticular tubercle and tip continuing as a fringe to base of tip, on preaxial and postaxial sides of toe IV to same level as postaxial side of toe III and continuing as a fringe to base of tip, and on toe V to midway between base and tip. Tips of all toes blunt, slightly swollen; relative toe lengths I<II<III = V<IV; distinct, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle, length about 70 % distance between tip of toe I and tubercle; no outer metatarsal tubercle. Skin above smooth with fine network of ridges, with small granules scattered posteriorly, especially near vent; no spines on upper lip; low supratympanic ridge from posterior edge of eye to axilla; ventrally granular, skin smooth on ventral surfaces of limbs; large, round axillary gland on ventrolateral surface slightly posterior to insertion of forelimb with body; oval femoral gland on posteroventral surface of thigh, midway between knee and vent. Color of holotype in life. Dorsum dark gray, with distinct dark brown, Y-shaped marking extending from upper eyelids to lower back, becoming narrower posteriorly, edged with cream, with smaller, irregular dark brown to black markings edged with cream on lower back; upper flank with irregular dark brown and black markings edged with cream or white, lower flank dark gray with minute white spots on tubercles; upper surface of forelimb brown with dark gray bands, each flanked with narrower cream bands; upper surface of hindlimb white or creamywhite with dark grey and black bands; eye black with upper one-third of iris white, scleral arc blue (visible in the posterior corner of the eye and when the palpebrum is retracted); brown bar from edge of upper lip to nostril and from edge of upper lip to lower margin of eye; irregular, black streak under canthus and supratympanic fold, covering tympanum; ventral surface of body and limbs purplish-gray to dark gray, black spotting on chin, minute white spots on tubercles on chin, chest, belly, and banding from upper surfaces of limbs extending to outer margins of lower surfaces of limbs; axillary and femoral glands creamy-white. Color of holotype in preservative. Color in preservative closely resembles color in life, except that cream on dorsal surfaces has faded to white or gray, and purplish-gray on ventral surfaces has faded to dark gray. Measurements of holotype. SVL 41.2; HDL 19.8; HDW 19.5; SNT 7.0; EYE 7.6; IOD 5.3; IND 4.1; SHK 14.6; TGH 18.3; LAL 13.2; HND 9.7; FTL 15.6; IML 2.0; IMW 1.5. Variation. The dorsal pattern is highly variable among paratypes (Figure 2). The background color of the dorsum in life varied from brown to light gray to dark gray. The darker markings on the dorsum are variable in size and shape. One (AMS R 173165) has the dark markings on back arranged as rounded spots (Figure 6). Some (AMS R 173158, UNS 00121 /AMS R 173159, UNS 00123 /AMS R 173161, AMS R 173162 – 64, NCSM 77463, NCSM 77467) have a uniform dark gray dorsum with few or no darker markings (Figure 6). Three paratypes (AMS R 173165, UNS 00124 /AMS R 173166, AMS R 173168) have more distinct limb banding in preservative than the holotype. The ventral coloration is dark gray to black in some paratypes, and some lack black spotting on the chin. The white coloration in the eye extends to about one half of the iris in some paratypes. Measurements are summarized in Table 1. Advertisement call. The following description is based on the calls of five individuals recorded at 13.0– 18.4 °C (Table 4). The call contains 1–5 (but usually 3–4), highly-pulsed notes and lasted 0.10– 1.70 s, repeated at a variable interval (6.5– 124.1 s). Within a call, notes were relatively evenly spaced and each note contained 8–15 pulses repeated at a near constant rate across the call. Relative amplitude varied symmetrically within each note, gradually rising over the first half of each note and then declining gradually across the second half of the note (Figure 5). The dominant frequency of calls varied from 1.0– 1.6 kHz, and spanned approximately 1 kHz (Figure 5). A low frequency band was present at around 0.2 kHz, and a weak harmonic was present at approximately 2.6 kHz. There was slight frequency modulation within each note, with the first few pulses and occasionally the last few pulses approximately 0.1 kHz lower in frequency. Temporal and spectral properties of the call did not obviously vary with temperature in the five specimens recorded (Table 4). To the human ear, the call sounds like a rapid barking “wah-wah-wah-wah”. Distribution and natural history. Leptobrachium leucops is known only from 1,558–1,900 m elevation on the Langbian Plateau in Lam Dong and Khanh Hoa Provinces, Vietnam. The species occurs in wet evergreen and cloud forest, where males call from shallow burrows under leaf litter. Leptobrachium leucops occurs in syntopy with L. pullum at some sites; in March, males of both species were heard calling within a few meters of each other. Comparisons. Only two other named species of Leptobrachium that occur in Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia (Table 2) have the upper part of the iris white: L. banae Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998 and L. xanthospilum Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998. Both species are restricted to the Kon Tum Plateau of Vietnam (Lathrop et al. 1998), the nearest uplands to the Langbian Plateau (Figure 7). However, both are considerably larger than the new species, with SVL of males in L. xanthospilum 62.8–73.4 and L. banae 57.2 –70.0 (38.8–45.2 in L. leucops). Leptobrachium xanthospilum further differs by having distinct, large, yellow, glandular spots on the flank (absent in L. leucops). Leptobrachium banae further differs by having red bands on the limbs (absent in L. leucops) and a white scleral arc (blue in L. leucops). Leptobrachium chapaense (Bourret, 1937) has been reported to have a black iris (upper and lower parts not differing) or the upper part of the iris white or blue (Dubois & Ohler 1998; Lathrop et al. 1998). Molecular evidence suggests that L. chapaense is actually a complex of species across its range (Rao & Wilkinson 2008); at its type locality at Sa Pa in northwestern Vietnam, the eyes are black (Bourret, 1937; Orlov, 2005). Leptobrachium “ chapaense ” at Tam Dao, northern Vietnam, has a white upper iris, but is larger than the new species, with SVL of males 53.5–65.5 (38.8–45.2 in L. leucops), and has orange blotches on the sacral region, flank, and dorsal surfaces of limbs (absent in L. leucops; Lathrop et al. 1998). The eye color of L. ngoclinhense (Orlov, 2005), unreported in its original description (Orlov, 2005), is dark brown to black (no light-colored upper iris) with a white scleral arc (J. J. L. Rowley, unpublished). Parameter IndividualPublished as part of Stuart, Bryan L., Rowley, Jodi J. L., Tran, Dao Thi Anh, Le, Duong Thi Thuy & Hoang, Huy Duc, 2011, The Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) of the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with description of a new species, pp. 25-40 in Zootaxa 2804 on pages 32-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20815
Amolops wenshanensis Yuan & Jin & Li & Stuart & Wu 2018, sp. nov.
No full textAmolops wenshanensis sp. nov. (Fig. 3–8) Amolops sp. Stuart, Bain, Phimmachak and Spence, 2010: 57. Holotype. KIZ 0 21426, adult male, Wenshan National Nature Reserve, near Pingzai village, Xichou County, Wenshan city, Yunnan Province, China, 23.362°N, 104.839°E, 1,312 m asl., coll. 27 June 2016 by ZY (Fig. 1). Paratypes. KIZ 0 21425, KIZ 021428 - 30, KIZ 0 21435 (five adult males), same data as holotype. KU 292041 (one adult male), KU 292040, KU 292045 (two adult females), KU 292039, KU 292042 (two immature males), Diding village, Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, China, 23.1223°N, 105.9636°E, coll. 18-23 September 2004 by Juan Guayasamin, Luis Canseco, and Yunming Mo. Diagnosis. The genus Amolops is diagnosed primarily on the basis of the presence of a raised, sharply defined, abdominal sucker in the tadpole (Inger 1966). As the tadpole of the new species remains unknown, Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. is placed here in the genus Amolops based on its morphological similarity to A. cucae and A. compotrix and by its phylogenetic position (Fig. 2). No mitochondrial DNA sequence of A. monticola sensu stricto is yet available, but A. wenshanensis sp. nov. is placed in the A. monticola group by having the combination of dorsolateral folds, smooth dorsal skin, and the side of head dark with a light-colored upper lip stripe extending to the axillary region (Stuart et al. 2010). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the A. monticola group by having the combination of small body size (adult males with SVL 35.7–39.9 mm; females with SVL 43.7–45.6 mm); smooth skin, without conspicuous glands, tubercles, warts or spinules on the dorsum; green dorsal coloration in life; immaculate venter; indistinct transverse bands on dorsal surfaces of limbs; distinct glandular dorsolateral folds; distinct tympanum; pineal body absent; all fingertips expanded with circummarginal grooves; two oblique vomerine teeth; vocal sac and white nuptial pad on the base of Finger I in adult males; supratympanic fold absent; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; glandular gold-white flank spot absent; and skin on venter not translucent. Description of the holotype. Adult male (Figs. 3–5), habitus moderately slender (SVL 35.7 mm); head slightly longer than wide (HW 92.0% of HL); snout obtusely pointed in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw, rounded in profile, not depressed; nostril dorsolateral, closer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis distinct, internarial distance greater than interorbital distance (IOD 72.9% of IND); lores concave, sloping; eye diameter 73.3% of snout length; upper eyelid width 62.8% of interorbital distance; pineal body not visible; supratympanic fold absent; tympanum distinct, covered by layer of skin, 40.9% of eye diameter, not depressed relative to skin of temporal region, tympanic rim not elevated relative to tympanum; vomerine teeth on two oblique ridges; choanae oval. Tongue cordiform, with wide, U-shaped posterior notch; vocal sac opening on floor of mouth at each corner; sac-like gular pouch having anterior margin reaching center of orbit. Forearm robust (Fig. 4); relative lengths of fingers I 6.7% in sequences of the ND2 gene and portions of flanking tRNA gene (Table 3; molecular data remain unavailable for A. aniqiaoensis, A. mengyangensis, A. monticola, A. gerbillus, and A. nyingchiensis). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. akhaorum, A. archotaphus, A. bellulus, A. chunganensis, A. cucae, A. compotrix, A. daorum, A. gerbillus, A. iriodes, A. mengyangensis, A. monticola, A. nyingchiensis, and A. vitreus by lacking distinct transverse bands on the dorsal surfaces of limbs (present in these species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. aniqiaoensis, A. archotaphus, A. bellulus, A. chakrataensis, A. chunganensis, A. gerbillus, A. iriodes, and A. nyingchiensis by having green dorsal coloration in life (olive green in A. aniqiaoensis, A. archotaphus, and A. bellulus; grayish-brown in A. chakrataensis; dark gray in A. gerbillus; reddish-brown in A. chunganensis; iridescent green in A. iriodes; light brown or yellowish brown in A. nyingchiensis). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. akhaorum, A. archotaphus, A. bellulus, A. chunganensis, A. cucae, A. compotrix, A. daorum, A. gerbillus, A. iriodes, A. mengyangensis, A. monticola, A. nyingchiensis and A. vitreus by lacking dorsal spots (present in these species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. daorum and A. iriodes by lacking a glandular gold-white flank spot (present in both species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. akhaorum, A. archotaphus, A. bellulus, A. chakrataensis, A. cucae, A. compotrix, A. daorum, A. mengyangensis, A. monticola, and A. nyingchiensis by lacking a pineal body (present in these species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. archotaphus, A. cucae, A. compotrix, and A. vitreus by lacking an outer metatarsal tubercle (present in both species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. aniqiaoensis, A. bellulus, A. chakrataensis, and A. nyingchiensis by having smaller body size (SVL 35.7–39.9 mm in males, 43.7–45.6 mm in females of A. wenshanensis sp. nov.; SVL 52.0 mm in the single known male of A. aniqiaoensis; SVL 46.0–50.0 mm in males, SVL 64.0 mm in the single known female of A. bellulus; SVL 55.0 mm in the single known female of A. chakrataensis; and SVL 52.3–58.3 mm in males, 57.6–70.7 mm in females of A. nyingchiensis). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. akhaorum and A. iriodes by having males with nuptial pads (absent in both species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. daorum and A. iriodes by having two oblique vomerine teeth (vomerine teeth absent in A. daorum, vomerine teeth crescent-shaped in A. iriodes). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. vitreus by having non-translucent skin on the venter (present in A. vitreus). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. bellulus and A. nyingchiensis by having males with gular sacs (absent in both species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. chakrataensis and A. monticola by lacking a supratympanic fold (present in A. chakrataenis and A. monticola). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. further differs from A. aniqiaoensis and A. gerbillus by having a distinct tympanum (indistinct in both species). Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. is most similar in morphology, and most closely related in mitochondrial DNA (Fig. 2), to A. compotrix and A. cucae from Vietnam and Laos. However, as above, A. wenshanensis sp. nov. is readily distinguished from these two species by lacking distinct transverse bands on dorsal surfaces of limbs, an outer metatarsal tubercle, pineal body, spots on dorsum, and spots on throat and belly (all present in A. compotrix and A. cucae). literature. ……continued on the next pagePublished as part of Yuan, Zhiyong, Jin, Jieqiong, Li, Jiannan, Stuart, Bryan L. & Wu, Jun, 2018, A new species of cascade frog (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the Amolops monticola group from China, pp. 498-512 in Zootaxa 4415 (3) on pages 504-509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/124216
Rana rufipes Inger & Stuart & Iskandar 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textRANA RUFIPES SP. NOV. <p>(Previously referred to as Padang Large morphotype)</p> <p> <i>Rana</i> cf. <i>chalconota</i> Inger & Iskandar, 2005: 138; Stuart <i>et al.</i>, 2006: 473.</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i></p> <p>FMNH 268580 (field no. 15864), an adult female from Limau Manis, 373 m (0°54′S / 100°28′E), Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Collected in a disturbed forest 7.vii.2001, by Djong Hon-Tjong and David Gusman.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes</i></p> <p>FMNH 268572, 268578-79, two adult females and one juvenile collected at same site and elevation as holotype on 3.vii. and 7.vii.2001; FMNH 268573-77, 268581-83, four adult males, four adult females from same locality as holotype, but at 405 m on 4.vii. and 10–11.vii.2001; FMNH 268584, 268587-88 two adult males, one adult female from Padang Jernih (0°52′S / 100°28′E) 255–340 m, Padang, West Sumatra, 26.vii.2001; FMNH 268585-86, one adult male, one juvenile from Sikayan Ubi (0°53′S / 100°27′E) 292 m, Padang, West Sumatra, 23.vii.2001. All with same collectors as holotype.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i></p> <p> Specific name from <i>rufus</i>, L., meaning reddish, and <i>pes</i>, L., meaning foot, referring to the reddish tinge on the underside of the webbing in life.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i></p> <p> A large form of the <i>Rana chalconota</i> group, adult females 46–64 mm SVL, males with nuptial pads 44–48 mm. Dark spots present on back. Nuptial pad of males not constricted. Humeral gland of males visible only by dissection. Tympanum relatively small, TYM/ SVL of females usually <0.068, of males usually <0.106.</p> <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p>Habitus moderately slender, head slightly wider than trunk, legs long. Head triangular, slightly longer than broad; snout obtusely pointed, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, longer than diameter of eye; nostril on side of snout, closer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus angular, not constricted; lores vertical, concave; interorbital wider than upper eyelid and wider than internarial; pineal body faintly visible between anterior corners of upper eyelids; tympanum distinct, about diameter of eye in females, slightly larger in males, inner portion slightly depressed; vomerine teeth in short, oblique groups, distance between groups equal to distance from choanae.</p> <p>Fingers long, length of third finger equal to distance from rear of eye to nostril; without webbing; second and third fingers with narrow, movable fold of skin on medial margins; tips of three outer fingers with wide discs, that of third finger three-quarters or more the diameter of the tympanum in females, disc of first finger about half width of disc of second finger, all discs with circummarginal grooves; subarticular tubercles conspicuous; bases of third and fourth fingers with one or two supernumerary tubercles, base of second finger with one; finger lengths 3> 4> 2> 1. Tips of toes expanded into discs smaller than those of fingers, but with circummarginal grooves; webbing extensive, to base of discs on lateral margins of first three toes and on medial margin of fifth, medial edge of fourth toe fully webbed to just beyond the distal subarticular tubercle; narrow dermal ridge along medial edge of distal joint of first toe and along lateral edge of distal joint of fifth toe; a low, oval inner metatarsal tubercle, shorter than distance to subarticular tubercle of first toe; a distinct, round outer metatarsal tubercle.</p> <p>Skin of back granular in females, in males granules tipped with colourless asperities or spinules; similar spinules present on lores in some males, the variation probably an artefact of preservation; a distinct, low dorsolateral fold; rear of abdomen rugose, rest of venter smooth.</p> <p>Males with paired vocal sac openings on floor of mouth. Whitish, velvety nuptial pad on dorsal and medial surfaces of first finger, not constricted. The humeral gland is detectable only by cutting and folding back the skin of the upper arm.</p> <p>Colour in preservative medium brown dorsally and on sides; side of head dark brown, upper lip white; dorsal surfaces with small dark spots; ventral surfaces of body whitish, unmarked; dark crossbars visible on hind limb only in a few individuals; ventral surface of webbing reddish, the colour fading in preservative.</p> <p>Measurements (mm) of holotype: SVL 62.0, tibia 34.3, head width 18.9, head length 23.2, tympanum diameter 4.8, width of disc of third finger 4.1.</p> <p> <i>Variation</i></p> <p> Females 53.8–64.4 mm, mean 60.58 ± 1.55 mm (<i>N</i> = 6); males 43.7–48.4 mm, mean 45.36 ± 0.51 mm (<i>N</i> = 8). In the following data on body proportions, <i>N</i> = 7 for both sexes. T / SVL 0.537 –0.591, median 0.560 (<i>N</i> = 12), HW/ SVL of females 0.267 –0.312, of males 0.287 –0.309, HL/ SVL of females 0.360 –0.397, of males 0.370 –0.389, TYM/ SVL of females 0.065 –0.077, of males 0.097 –0.108; DF3/ SVL 0.053 –0.072, median 0.062 (<i>N</i> = 11).</p> <p> <i>Comparisons</i></p> <p> <i>Rana rufipes</i> differs conspicuously from the form with which it co-occurs in West Sumatra, <i>R. parvaccola</i> (see below), in size, coloration of the webbing (Inger & Iskandar, 2005), relative size of the tympanum (TYM / SVL) and width of the disc of the third finger (DF 3/ SVL) (see Tables 2 and 6). The uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence between <i>R. rufipes</i> and the cooccurring <i>R. parvaccola</i> (see below) is 14.75–14.93% (Table 4).</p> <p> <i>Rana rufipes</i> is one of the largest members of this species group, with males larger than those of any other form and females larger than those of any other except the Javan species (Tables 2 and 6). This new species has the relatively smallest tympanum in the group, differing from all except males of <i>R. labialis</i> in TYM/SVL (Tables 2 and 6). It is also the only member of the group in which the ventral surface of the webbing is reddish.</p>Published as part of <i>Inger, Robert F., Stuart, Bryan L. & Iskandar, Djoko T., 2009, Systematics of a widespread Southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), pp. 123-147 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1)</i> on pages 137-138, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00440.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5445984">http://zenodo.org/record/5445984</a>
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