1,721,238 research outputs found
The Competitive Firm Under Price Uncertainty: The Role of Information and Hedging
Full text linkWe study the impact of transparency in a commodity market on the decision problem of a competitive firm under price uncertainty and hedging opportunities. Market transparency is modeled by means of the informational content of publicly observable signals which are correlated with the random price. We find that the impact of more transparency on labor employment and production depends on the firm's technology. Inparticular, more transparency may result in lower average output even though on average more labor has been used in the production process. We also analyze the link between market transparency and the welfare of the firm. --Transparency,information system,price uncertainty,hedging,competitive firm
Cross-hedging of correlated exchange rates
Full text linkThis paper examines the behavior of a competitive exporting firm that exports to two foreign countries under multiple sources of exchange rate uncertainty. The firm has to cross-hedge its exchange rate risk exposure because there is only a forward market between the domestic currency and one foreign country's currency. When the firm optimally exports to both foreign countries, we show that the firm's production decision is independent of the firm's risk attitude and of the underlying exchange rate uncertainty. We show further that the firm's optimal forward position is an over-hedge or an under-hedge, depending on whether the two random exchange rates are positively or negatively correlated in the sense of expectation dependence. --correlated exchange rates,cross-hedging,exports,production
Modelling information and hedging: the exporting firm
Full text linkThe paper examines the economic role of modelling information on the decision problem of an exporting firm under exchange rate risk and hedging. Information is described in terms of market transparency, i.e., a publicly observable signal conveys more information about the random foreign exchange rate. We analyze the interaction between market transparency and the ex ante expected utility of the exporting firm. It is shown that more transparency on the foreign exchange market may result in higher or lower export production. --Information,transparency,exchange rate risk,hedging,trade
Güterwirtschaftliches Risikomanagement: Ein Entscheidungsmodell zur Lagerpolitik bei Unsicherheit
Full text linkWir untersuchen für ein internationales Unternehmen das Zusammenwirken von finanz- und realwirtschaftlichem Risikomanagement. Dies geschieht auf der Grundlage eines intertemporalen, stochastischen Entscheidungsmodells. Die gemeinsame Betrachtung von Devisen-Futures und Lagerhaltung bestätigt wichtige Resultate der optimalen Risikopolitik eines Unternehmens. Ferner erklären wir das empirische Phänomen einer fallenden Angebotsfunktion für ein Exportunternehmen. --Wechselkursrisiken,güterwirtschaftliches Risikomanagement
Mitigation of foreign Direct investment risk and hedging
Full text linkInstruments of risk mitigation play an important role in managing country risk within the foreign direct investment (FDI) decision. Our study assesses country risk by state-dependent preferences and introduces futures contracts as a tool of risk mitigation. We show that country risk assessments related to foreign direct investment do not matter if the multinational firm enters currency futures markets. Besides currency risk, multinationals cross-hedge country risk via the derivatives market. This may explain the empirical result, why host country risk is not a significant determinant of FDI (Bevan/Estrin 2004) together with the fact that almost all (92 %) of the world's top 500 companies enter derivatives markets for hedging purposes (ISDA 2008). --state-dependency,country risk,foreign direct investment,hedging
International trade and firms' attitude towards risk
No full textThis paper examines the optimal production and trade decisions of the domestic firms facing uncertainties owing to the exchange rate volatility under mean-variance preferences. The impact of uncertain exchange rate fluctuations on trade is evaluated in a partial equilibrium framework, using the concept of risk-aversion elasticities. These elasticities measure how sensitive the firms are towards substituting between return and risk at the margin, with respect to changes in the distribution of the spot exchange rate. This simplest possible analytical framework is useful for explicit empirical estimation of risk-aversion elasticities in the literature of international economics.</p
Transparency in the Interbank Market and the Volume of Bank Intermediated Loans
Full text linkIn this paper we study the impact of more transparency in the interbank market on the volume of bank intermediated loans and on the profitability of the banking business. Transparency is modeled by means of the informational content of publicly observable signals correlated to the random interbank interest rate. We find that more transparency may increase or decrease the volume of bank loans. In particular, the impact of more transparency on the volume of loans depends on the curvature of the marginal cost function of the banking firm. Furthermore, we find that ex ante expected profits of the bank are higher when the interbank market is more transparent. --banking firm,interbank market,interest rate risk,hedging,transparency
Liquidity constrained exporters: Trade and futures hedging
Full text linkWe present a model of risk averse exporting firm subject to liquidity constraints. The firm enters an unbiased futuresmarket to hedge exchange rate risk and may not be able to satisfy high margin calls. Then the firm is forced toprematurely liquidate the futures position. We show that preferences and expectations become important for optimumexport and hedging decisions, i.e. separation theorem and full hedge theorem are violated. Furthermore, internationaltrade is affected, for only firms that have sufficient financial resources fully exploid gains from trade. --liquidity constraint,trade,futures,hedging
Differential Taxation and Corporate Futures-Hedging
Full text linkUsing a two-moment decision model this paper analyzes corporate hedging behavior in the presence of unified and differential income taxation. We start with the well-known result that risk-taking may increase when income tax rates increase and, therefore, the incentive for hedging reduces. We demonstrate that pure hedging is differently affected by taxation than speculative hedging is. Analysing tax-sensitivity of the corporate hedge shows that a higher risk in the first place may reduce the tax-induced incentive to revise a futures position. --taxation,hedging,mean-variance model,unified and differential taxation,Roy preference function
Export production under exchange rate uncertainty
Full text linkGiven that a multinational enterprise can react flexibly upon exchange rate movements, international trade flows may be interpreted as an option. An enterprise will opt to export if the profits obtained from exporting under given exchange rate developments are greater than if foreign subsidiary sales were opted. Naturally, given negative exchange rate scenario situations, an enterprise will choose not to export. By virtue of a favorable exchange rate situation it may be more advantageous to implement the flexibility given by the inherent option exercise privilege. Interestingly, even taking account of entrepreneurial risk aversion aspects of enterprises, it is demonstrated that situations characterized by enhanced exchange rate volatility may still lead to greater export trade volumes. --Export,Exchange Rate Volatility,Risk Aversion,Real Option
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