3,323 research outputs found
Digital Twin Earth Hydrology Evolution: Final Report
No full textThe overarching objective of Digital Twin Earth (DTE) Hydrology Evolution project has been to prototype a full advanced end-to-end demonstrator of DTE over the full Mediterranean region at high resolution in space and time (targeting 1 km and 1 hour) by extending the successful implementation of Digital Twin Earth Hydrology project that has been carried out over the Po River Valley in northern Italy. Specifically, DTE Hydrology has demonstrated the potential to advance towards an end-to-end reconstruction of the hydrological cycle at high resolution in space and time by an effective combination of state-of-the-art EO data, in situ observations, advanced hydrological and hydraulic modelling, AI and advanced digital platform capabilities.
Authors: Luca Brocca, Stefania Camici, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Luca Ciabatta, Jacopo Dari, Sara Mondanesi, Hamidreza Mosaffa, Paolo Filippucci (CNR-IRPI), Lorenzo Alfieri, Francesco Avanzi, Simone Gabellani (CIMA), Dominik Rains, Diego Miralles (UGent), Mariette Vreugdenhil, Raphael Quast, Bernhard Raml, Samuel Massart (TUWien), Simone Mantovani (MEEO), Alexander Jacob (EURAC)
DTE Hydrology Evolution, Final Report, Deliverable D7.
SM2RAIN test dataset with ASCAT satellite soil moisture
No full textAre you looking for a research contest in 2019?
Here you can find a 5-year dataset at 1009 points in Italy, the United States, India and Australia of co-located in space and time:
satellite soil moisture (from ASCAT, Wagner et al., 2013, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0399)
evapotranspiration (from ERA5 reanalysis by ECMWF: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview)
ground-based rainfall.
The dataset can be used for testing multiple approaches for rainfall estimation from soil moisture, as done in #SM2RAIN algorithm (http://hydrology.irpi.cnr.it/research/sm2rain/).
The global dataset we have developed is available here: https://zenodo.org/record/2591215
The NETCDF file contains all the data, and the two figures (PNG files) represent an example of the results we have obtained in the paper:
Brocca, L., Filippucci, P., Hahn, S., Ciabatta, L., Massari, C., Camici, S., Schüller, L., Bojkov, B., and Wagner, W. (2019). SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007–2018): global daily satellite rainfall from ASCAT soil moisture. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-48, in review.
Will you get better results? How?
I am at disposal for clarifications and support </p
Editorial: River basin hydrology and natural hazards: Monitoring, prediction and prevention
No full textThe 5th edition of the ‘Hydrology Days’ of the Italian Hydrological Society was held in Perugia, Italy, 6–8 October 2015, to provide a joint forum of hydrologists and a broad range of stakeholders for commenting and discussing on ‘River basin hydrology and natural hazards: monitoring, prediction and prevention’. A total of 58 abstracts were presented at the workshop. The 21⁄2-day conference was organized by the ‘Hydrology Group’ of the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (National Research Council of Italy) in collaboration with the Italian Hydrological Society, the Tiber River Basin Authority and the professional association of Engineers of Perugia. Specifically, the Italian Hydrological Society (SII-IHS) was founded in 2009 to foster progress, enhancement and dissemination of hydrological sciences in Italy, including all aspects related to water resources systems management and possible interaction with human activity. In this perspective, one of the main objectives of the Association is to stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration among academia, research institutes, institutional stakeholders and private operators.
This Special Issue of Hydrology Research contains a selection of 14 peer-reviewed papers that reflect the multidisciplinary aim of the conference
Using satellite soil moisture and rainfall data for the monitoring and the prediction of natural hazards
No full textAn integrated model for prediction of shallow landslides at regional scale with the integration of satellite hydrological data
No full textAn assessment of the impact of possible CAP reform scenarios on Romanian agriculture
Get PDFUsing a simplified model, with key-variable the prices of two different possible scenarios of CAP reform after 2013 (moderate and radical), this paper present a comparison between the price effects of implementation of each reform scenario at 2015 horizon on Romanian agriculture. This short analysis shows that, under the presented hypotheses, the net welfare effect, due to the price changes, for the selected products, is positive in both reform scenarios, yet greater in the case of the radical reform. Integrated in the large context of Romanian development, it seems that the influence of CAP reform upon agriculture and rural areas will be most likely a gradual one: an interpenetration between the two scenarios is foreseeable, starting with the moderate reform that will dominate the period around 2013, the reform measures acquiring a more radical character afterwards.CAP reform, Romania, welfare effects, Agricultural and Food Policy,
The missing information for hydrological modelling in agricultural areas: irrigation
No full textHydrological models have been largely developed in the last 40 years achieving great advances in our capability
to simulate hydrological processes at high resolution in the horizontal and vertical domains. In principle,
physically-based hydrological model are able to reproduce fluxes and states with high accuracy. However, in the
real world, our models strongly depend on the parameterization and on the input data used. Uncertainties in the
parameterization and in the inputs are translated into the model, and even highly accurate models, in terms of
physical representation of processes, will totally fail due to error in the parameterization and the inputs.
This well-known problem is much more important in locations and regions in which the human impact on the
hydrological cycle is more pronounced. Specifically, irrigation is the larger consumer of water worldwide and, in
some regions, irrigation during the summer season is by far the major component of the hydrological cycle (i.e. if
compared with precipitation and evapotranspiration). In recent years, specific parameterizations for including the
irrigation process have been added to hydrological and land surface models, but typically they rely on theoretical
conditions (e.g., constant irrigation rates when soil moisture is below to certain values) that might not occur in the
reality. Therefore, we strongly need irrigation observations for correctly simulate the hydrological cycle in these
regions.
Very recently, we developed an approach for quantifying irrigation water from space by using satellite soil
moisture observations (Brocca et al., 2018). The approach has been found successful at some locations in Iran,
Spain, United States and Morocco, and now is being improved by using high resolution soil moisture products
from Sentinel-1 and from downscaling techniques. The obtained irrigation estimates are used as input into
hydrological modelling and their impact in terms of evapotranspiration and runoff fluxes is assessed. Results will
be shown in basins in Spain and Italy, and presented at the conference
INFLUENCE OF HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RATIOS ON THE ENTROPY PARAMETER IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
No full textThe way to evaluate the entropy parameter M through the ratio between medium and maximum velocity, Φ(M), still represents a relevant issue feeding a reach discussion among researchers. The invariance of Φ(M) for sections along the same river only at high flow seems to be consistent while for low stage Φ(M) can be affected by the influence of roughness, through the relative submergence as well as the aspect ratio related to the cross section geometry. Moving from these bases, using laboratory and field data, the classical hydraulic relationships on entropy velocity profile, uniform flow and regime theory, a predictor for entropy parameter is proposed for open channel flow. The work proposes general relationship existing between the parameter Φ(M) and the relative submergence taking into account the aspect ratio of the flow. The relationship has been applied to a set of experimental velocity data collected both in laboratory and in field, showing a good response of the theoretical model but selecting different behaviour dependent on the roughness scale. In fact, Φ(M) is strongly influenced by the ratio depth/roughness for values less than 4 when large and intermediate roughness scale occurs, while it might be assumed almost constant for small roughness scale
COMBINING REMOTE SENSING DATA AND A LAND SURFACE MODEL WITHIN A PHD PROJECT TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF IRRIGATION ON THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
No full textHuman-induced changes on the hydrological cycle produce short-term impacts often larger than the effects of climate changes, even if they are not independent aspects. Among the anthropogenic activities that alter the natural hydrological cycle, the irrigation is the most impacting one. It is estimated that over 70% of global freshwater is used for irrigation practices (Foley et al., 2011). Despite the important implications of irrigation on water scarcity and food production, data on irrigation practices over large areas and for long periods are lacking, thus making difficult to obtain reliable information about where irrigation practices occur and how much water is used for them.
This PhD project is aimed to evaluate the effects of the irrigation on the hydrological cycle over two pilot Mediterranean areas, the upper Tiber river basin in Italy and the Ebro river basin in Spain. The project is structured according to two main research lines; the first one consists in estimating the amount of water used for irrigation exploiting high resolution soil moisture products, the second one consists in evaluating the irrigation effects through simulations with SURFEX, the land surface model developed by Météo-France. In order to estimate the amount of water used for irrigation, the adapted SM2RAIN method (Brocca et al., 2018) will be applied. The capability of different satellite products to detect irrigation will be evaluated; preliminary tests carried out in the Catalan and Aragonese irrigation districts in Spain show promising results obtained with DISPATCH downscaled SMOS and SMAP surface soil moisture. Comparisons between satellite and modeled soil moisture represent an alternative method to estimate irrigation. The estimated amounts of irrigation water will be introduced in SURFEX simulations in order to represent a human-altered, real, scenario and to evaluate the effects of irrigation practices on the natural distribution of water in the study areas
Rich, Sturmian, and trapezoidal words
Get PDFIn this paper we explore various interconnections between rich words, Sturmian words, and trapezoidal words. Rich words, first introduced by the second and third authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer, constitute a new class of finite and infinite words characterized by having the maximal number of palindromic factors. Every finite Sturmian word is rich, but not conversely. Trapezoidal words were first introduced by the first author in studying the behavior of the subword complexity of finite Sturmian words. Unfortunately this property does not characterize finite Sturmian words. In this note we show that the only trapezoidal palindromes are Sturmian. More generally we show that Sturmian palindromes can be characterized either in terms of their subword complexity (the trapezoidal property) or in terms of their palindromic complexity. We also obtain a similar characterization of rich palindromes in terms of a relation between palindromic complexity and subword complexity
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